Socio-economic Model Research Articles

Application of shared socioeconomic pathways at the subnational level: carbon emission forecasts in Qinghai Province, China, integrating socioeconomic models

Forecasting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is necessary to estimate their climate impact and the required mitigation efforts. However, existing scenario frameworks are not consistent and limit the comparability of projection studies. In this study, the “Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology” model was combined with the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Model forecasts were calculated for each SSP from 2020 to 2060 in Qinghai Province, an underdeveloped, carbon-sink-rich region in China. Total CO2 emissions in Qinghai Province consistently exhibited an upward then downward trend, with large differences between SSPs in the peak date and maximum value of total CO2 emissions. Considering the current socioeconomic development status and total carbon emission trends in Qinghai Province, SSP1 and SSP2 were the most suitable pathways, providing balance between carbon emissions reduction and population well-being.

Socio-economic approach to transport investments evaluation

Background: Transport plays a crucial role in socio-economic and social processes. Despite the fact that transport can be considered as an independent industry, and transport development projects can be considered as independent business projects, the spectrum of transport influence has not yet been fully studied. A qualitative examination of the spheres of influence of transport shows its impact on all significant aspects of socio-economic relations in society.
 Nevertheless, classical methods of financial management are used to assess the effectiveness of investments in transport, which do not allow to fully reflect the effects arising from the implementation of such investments.
 As practice shows, the use of classical approaches does not allow us to reliably assess the effectiveness of investments in transport. The choice of approaches to assessment is directly dependent on the socio-economic model of the state. The capitalist model focuses on the income received from the implementation of any investment project, whereas the socially oriented model peculiar to Russia is initially focused on the formation of the public good.
 The latter approach, in our opinion, is strategically more advantageous on a national scale and requires wide dissemination for the purposes of financial and economic analysis
 Aim: to consider the list of methods for evaluating investments in transport and determine a set of factors that require consideration for a socially oriented economy.
 Materials and methods: the research methodology is based on the analysis of methods of financial and economic evaluation of investment projects, socio-economic analysis, as well as macroeconomic methods. The information base of the study is based on official legal and methodological information of the authorities of the Russian Federation.
 Results: as a result of the study, a list of factors that need to be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of investments in transport within the framework of the paradigm of socially oriented public administration is determined.
 Conclusion: the study confirms that the methods currently used to assess the effectiveness of investments in transport do not fully reflect the effects arising from their implementation. The proposed approach to determining the list of socio-economic effects resulting from the impact of transport projects will improve the quality of management decisions in the transport sector.

The Pandemic Puzzle—Reviewing the Existing Pieces, Searching for the Missing Ones

The research carried out on socioeconomic implication models of (re)emerging infectious diseases triggering pandemics has shown us that these largely depended on infection transmission, conditioned by the type of pathogen and the human host. Also, these depended on certain external factors, such as the phenomenon of globalization, pollution, fragile health systems, modification of human behaviors, expansion of human habitat near the outbreaks, favorable vectors involved in the transmission and development of new pandemics and last but not least of wars or civil revolts. The present research attempts to provide some responses to the following questions: 1. What have been the most recent and important emerging infectious disease pandemics and what were the risk factors? 2. What was the socioeconomic impact generated by these pandemics and what important lessons did we learn/identify? 3. What measures and/or directions must be implemented/addressed to prevent/possibly stop a future wave of infections or a new pandemic? The answers to these questions are substantiated by different indicators (transmission potential and pathogen severity) through which we focused to offer some suggestions/directions regarding the way in which these pandemics could be anticipated or prevent, indicators that otherwise are already used by public authorities in the development and exploration of intervention strategies. However, through the elaboration and staged presentation of how these pandemics acted as well as the socioeconomic implications and human reactions, this research could be useful in leading to the development of new, effective ways to prevent the transmission of (re)emerging infectious diseases.

Public Response and Involvement to ECQ and Vaccination Amidst COVID-19 Crisis: An Analysis on Institutionalizing Post-Pandemic Community Behavior

The economic condition of a specific country has been defied amid the COVID-19 crisis. Yet, post-pandemic community behavior has not been analyzed for probable institutionalization to help gradually recover the economy. As a result, this paper aimed to address that gap by examining the public response to and involvement in the enhanced community quarantine and vaccination in the Bicol Region. This study used the quantitative research method through a causal-correlational research design. The findings indicate that institutionalization of post-pandemic community behavior is highly likely due to the Bicolanos’ active involvement in community activities during the implementation of the ECQ and vaccination in the region. Kurt Lewin’s change management model and the inclusive socio-economic and political institutions model can be used to execute policies that the government demands to implement pluralistically. However, the policymaking body may consider the age, average household monthly income, and level of awareness of local people when formulating post-pandemic community behavioral policies because these variables significantly influence their community involvement decisions.

Examining the Impact of Marketing Motives and Concerns on User Satisfaction and Re-Purchase Intentions in a Sharing Economy

In a fast-growing global economy, there is much debate in the socio-economic models about the sharing economy, which is a digital platform that benefits society and improves people’s quality of life. A significant benchmark of the sharing economy is that it enables individuals to monetize their assets that need to be used fully. This highlights an individual’s ability and perhaps their preference to either rent or borrow goods rather than own them. This study investigated Saudi Arabian students’ User Satisfaction (US) and their Re-Purchase Intentions (RPI) in the context of the sharing economy. We employed a deductive approach that utilized cross-sectional data collected through online sampling. The results were derived from 324 acceptable completed questionnaires. We used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to confirm the positive and significant predictive power of Trust, Economic Benefits (EBs), Sharing Economy Philosophy (SEP), Service Quality and Net Benefits (NBs) on US and RPI. The results also demonstrated a positive and significant effect of concerns such as Lack of Trust (LoT) and Expected Effort (EE) on US. Finally, among Saudi Arabian students, US is a positive and significant predictor of RPI. In the context of a developing country such as Saudi Arabia, this study’s insights to the practical and theoretical spheres contribute to operational management and the literature about online digital learning.

Sustainable coffee capsule consumption: Understanding Italian consumers' purchasing drivers

IntroductionCoffee is among the most appreciated beverages by consumers globally. Single serve coffee market expands and is highly profitable, but coffee in capsules (CIC) raises a major issue of environmental sustainability. The coffee industry aims to expand the CIC sales and to reduce capsule environmental impact and waste. To better define a sustainability-oriented strategy, the coffee industry needs to understand how to approach different socio-economic consumer groups. Thus, this study aims to explore consumers' perception and awareness of sustainable CIC, with specific attention on consumers' socio-economic characteristics.MethodsThe study interviewed a sample of 261 Italian consumers. Data elaboration includes four main steps: a cluster analysis leading to three socio-economic groups, a factor and structural equation modeling to confirm the factors and the relation between CIC sustainability and quality factors, and a multinomial logistic regression to examine the factors that drive the likeliness of consumers' willingness to purchase sustainable CIC.ResultsResults support that all groups of consumers value sustainability attribute as main CIC purchasing decision driver. The sustainability factor does not show any significance on the explanation of the CIC quality factor. Consumer perception of the CIC sustainability is not affected by age, income, level of education, and gender.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary insights for sustainable CIC production and consumption.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS

The buildings of the city form an environment for various types of social activities. The structure of the buildings reflected the history of the development of architecture, culture, and political life of different countries and eras. New types of activities, which are gradually developing, led to the need for the emergence of appropriate public spaces, buildings, structures. Revealing the influence of constructive solutions on the formation of the public environment will make it possible to more expediently, qualitatively and harmoniously form public spaces. Taking into account the peculiarities of the architectural planning organization and constructive solutions of public buildings is an important factor not only for carrying out restoration works on redesign and revitalization of spaces, but also for the development of modern design.
 The relevance of the study is determined by the need to take into account in the process of creating conceptual solutions for the design of a harmonious subject-spatial environment of public purpose based on constructive solutions.
 Public spaces are pedestrian streets, squares, boulevards, embankments formed under the influence of historical, cultural, social and economic factors. In the social dimension, the listed objects are a publicly accessible area. The question of the formation of public spaces is particularly relevant in view of the changes of the last decades in the field of economy and culture, which affect the transformation of cities.
 Public space, as a space of social activity, can be interpreted as a flagship in responding to socio-economic changes. The multidimensionality of the use of public space as a territory: communication, representation and commerce reflects the socio-economic and political model of society. Accordingly, the spatial and functional renewal of public spaces is a sign of further city-wide transformations, which necessitates the study of the laws of their formation and construction.
 This article describes the peculiarities of the formation of the public environment. The factors influencing the organization of public spaces were considered, the signs and prerequisites of their formation were identified.

Census-based urban building energy modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofit programs

Housing retrofits are essential for meeting societal decarbonization goals, alongside addressing energy insecurity, improving public health, and creating new jobs. Yet, despite their multiple benefits and comprehensive government efforts to incentivize retrofits, adoption rates across the world remain low, usually less than 1% per year. Barriers to adoption among homeowners include lack of knowledge of what combination of energy retrofitting upgrades are most cost effective for their situation given available incentive programs. Similarly, cities lack urban-level analysis tools to optimize uptake of and predict carbon emissions reduction from existing incentive programs. To address the latter gap, we present a census-based Urban Building Energy Modeling framework that combines a technical energy saving potential analysis with a socioeconomic model that includes occupant demographics, local building regulations, and incentive eligibility criteria. We use the framework to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofit programs in two Boston neighborhoods with median incomes of $110,00 and $42,000. Results reveal that for the higher income, neighborhood predicted and actual adoption rates between 2014 and 2017 are comparable. In the lower income neighborhood, the proportion of households that would financially benefit from incentive offerings is higher. However, current participation rates do not reflect this difference suggesting that many viable projects do not happen for reasons that are not yet captured by the model. Urban planners, energy policy designers, and community advocates seeking to plan and evaluate energy incentive programs can use this framework to understand the breakdown of opportunities and barriers for different socio-demographic groups and geographic locations.

Dynamics of a coupled socio-environmental model: An application to global CO2 emissions

In this article, a novel coupled socio-environmental model is proposed and analysed using real data. The model is formulated with two interconnected subsystems: a human–environment model that describes the state of forest cover, human population, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration; and a socio-economic model that represents human behaviour as a dynamical variable. Human behaviour focuses on their opinion about forest conservation, which affects the harvesting rate per unit area. We examine the mathematical model analytically and numerically to gain insight into the dynamics of the coupled system. By plotting the basin of attractions, we show that when an initial abundance of forest cover is small, and there is a low fraction of conservationists, the system eventually stays at a higher density of forest cover and a higher fraction of conservationists. However, for intermediate to high values of initial forest cover, the system stays at a low forest cover and a low fraction of conservationists among people. With an increase in the economic cost, after a certain threshold, we observe that the number of cooperators increases despite the forest cover being very low. Further, the model is validated using yearly data on forest cover and atmospheric CO2 in the period 1990–2016. The fitting to the data is performed using a MATLAB optimization technique, and the quality of the fitting is quantified using accuracy metrics. Numerical simulations using estimated parameters show that increasing forest cover is essential in reducing the CO2 level in the atmosphere. From a policy-making point of view, it is important to increase the proportion of conservationists in the community, which will eventually result in increased forest cover and consequently decrease the burden of atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Возможности адаптации цифровых технологий для развития сельскохозяйственного производства

Abstract. One of the priority directions of the state's development at present is the formation of the digital economy. The development of priority economic activities without taking into account the achievements of scientific and technological progress is impossible in a strategic perspective, especially in the field of food security, taking into account global geopolitical and macroeconomic changes. It is necessary to take advantage of the positive high results of increasing agricultural production volumes, supporting this trend with digital improvements at various stages of key business processes. The subject of the study is digital technologies in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to study the problems and prospects of the introduction of digital technologies in the agriculture of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The main research methods are 1) methods of analysis, induction and deduction; 2) methods of generalization and synthesis, scientific abstraction; 3) methods of socio-economic modeling. Research objectives: 1) study of economic and managerial features of digital technologies in agriculture; 2) determine the directions of digital technologies in the field of agricultural production and characterize the stages of this process; 3) develop a process model for managing the introduction of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. Scientific novelty. A process model for managing the introduction of digital technologies in the field of agriculture is presented. Results. The analysis of the state of the agricultural complex in the context of innovative development is carried out. In modern agriculture, there is an increasing need for the use of modern technologies, including data collection, storage and processing systems. The use of IT technologies contributes to increasing the yield and profitability of agriculture, reducing material costs, and more efficient allocation of funds. In general, if certain conditions are met, digital transformation will ensure the sustainable development of agriculture and increase its competitiveness.

Возможности адаптации цифровых технологий для развития сельскохозяйственного производства

Abstract. One of the priority directions of the state's development at present is the formation of the digital economy. The development of priority economic activities without taking into account the achievements of scientific and technological progress is impossible in a strategic perspective, especially in the field of food security, taking into account global geopolitical and macroeconomic changes. It is necessary to take advantage of the positive high results of increasing agricultural production volumes, supporting this trend with digital improvements at various stages of key business processes. The subject of the study is digital technologies in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to study the problems and prospects of the introduction of digital technologies in the agriculture of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The main research methods are 1) methods of analysis, induction and deduction; 2) methods of generalization and synthesis, scientific abstraction; 3) methods of socio-economic modeling. Research objectives: 1) study of economic and managerial features of digital technologies in agriculture; 2) determine the directions of digital technologies in the field of agricultural production and characterize the stages of this process; 3) develop a process model for managing the introduction of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. Scientific novelty. A process model for managing the introduction of digital technologies in the field of agriculture is presented. Results. The analysis of the state of the agricultural complex in the context of innovative development is carried out. In modern agriculture, there is an increasing need for the use of modern technologies, including data collection, storage and processing systems. The use of IT technologies contributes to increasing the yield and profitability of agriculture, reducing material costs, and more efficient allocation of funds. In general, if certain conditions are met, digital transformation will ensure the sustainable development of agriculture and increase its competitiveness.

Socio-economic modeling of the effect of smokers’ transition to smokeless technologies

Research objective: Quantitative estimation of social-demographic and social-economic impact of the switch of traditional cigarettes smoking to modified risk tobacco products consumption, based on effect upon smoking-related mortality and diseases rates.Methods. Target group – consumers of smoking tobacco: conventional cigarettes (CC) and modified risk tobacco products (MRTP). Base of calculations – analysis of available time series for: CC and MRTP consumption, life expectancy and healthy life expectancy coefficients, statistics on smoking-related mortality and diseases rates, including data on key nosologies (malignant neoplasms of respiratory system, digestive organs, urinary tract; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; circulatory diseases; cerebrovascular diseases.Results. We implemented prognoses for all the above mentioned parameters to year 2035, calculated direct medical and indirect costs for demographic and economic loss with attention to budget impact analysis, developed five scenarios based on different CC and MRTP consumption.The model of switching from CC to MRTP consumption proves a significant decline of demographic and economic burden even with rather modest MRTP replacement for CC. With current practices of switching from CC to MRTP remaining, during 2021–2035 summary impact would result in 3.6 mln of years saved, 7.7 mln of healthy years saved, 120 thous. of mortal cases and 345 thous. diseases cases prevented. The economic burden would be 3.3 trillion rubles lower.Conclusion. Smoking cessation is the optimal method to reduce health risks, and state policy for stimulation of smoking quitting is necessary. Along with that, transition from CC to MRTP may be an alternative way to reduce health risks for those smokers with long smoking history and either psychological or physiological causes who cannot quit smoking.Even small in the terms of percent transition from CC to MRTP may result in significant decrease of demographic and economic burden on the national scale.

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Multidimensional Socio-Economic Development Levels in Resource-Based Cities

As resources are depleted, resource-based cities face unique challenges in the process of socio-economic development. We constructed a multidimensional socio-economic development level model by adopting Entropy Value Method, Analytical Hierarchy Process, time series weighting method, and Game Theory approach for the data of 10 indicators in 4 dimensions of 115 resource-based cities in China from 2004 to 2019 to explore the spatial and temporal divergence characteristics of multidimensional socio-economic development level and the driving mechanism of its pattern of evolution. The results show that: (1) the overall socio-economic development level of resource-based cities has improved from 2004 to 2019, but the overall level is low. Large differences exist in the spatial distribution of socio-economic development levels between cities with more significant regional spatial aggregation characteristics. (2) Secondary industry, tertiary industry, retail trade goods sales, urban construction land area, and total freight transport have a significant positive impact on socio-economic development; the correlation coefficient between the number of schools and the socio-economic development level index is negative. (3) Retail trade merchandise sales contribute the most to the Gini coefficient, where the percentage of secondary industry and urban construction land area have a higher cumulative contribution to growing cities (55.02%), the percentage of secondary industry has the lowest contribution to regenerating cities (10.94%), and the percentage of tertiary industry has an increasing contribution to declining cities year by year. Based on the above findings, some specific suggestions are provided to provide reference for resource-based city development planning.

The relationship between leisure-time physical activity and job satisfaction: A dynamic panel data approach.

Previous research has documented a positive effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on life satisfaction. The relationship between physical activity and the specific domain of job satisfaction is, however, relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of different frequency levels of LTPA on self-reported job satisfaction and specifically focuses on the two mechanisms of health and recovery from work stress. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (2001-2019), fixed effects and dynamic panel data regression models are estimated to address the problems of unobserved heterogeneity and reverse causality. A mediation and sub-sample analysis shed light on the role of health and work stress. The results reveal that weekly LTPA has a positive effect on job satisfaction and that health represents a channel yielding those benefits. The effect appears to be moderated by work stress. Further, the analysis reveals the importance of considering unobserved heterogeneity and reverse causality when studying this relationship. The findings indicate a positive relationship between regular LTPA and job satisfaction and add plausible causal evidence to the limited literature in this context. The findings yield implications for employers and employees.

Poles Apart? Alternative Welfare Trajectories under Finance-Dominated Capitalism

By connecting the post-Keynesian view of financialization with Comparative Political Economy, we suggest some elements for an updated interpretation of the existing models of welfare. As a main element of novelty, we consider how high-income countries are reacting to the pressures of finance-dominated capitalism, namely by extending, keeping, or retrenching their welfare systems. The contribution of the article is threefold. First, we elaborate on the nexus between welfare and financialization. Second, we introduce a multidimensional index aimed at assessing the degree of welfare of 32 OECD countries for the period 1990–2015. Third, we compare our index with the socio-economic models identified in the literature and with the patterns of financialization. Two trajectories emerge from our exploration: on the one side, Scandinavian and Continental European countries moved toward relatively higher levels of welfare; on the other side, lower levels of welfare feature Anglo-Saxon, Asian, Mediterranean, and Central and Eastern European countries. Besides such divergence, we find that the process of financialization was more intense in countries with stronger welfare, which likely opted for a compensation strategy. Our work highlights the relevance of policies and institutions in shaping different welfare systems and coping with the challenges of the current phase of capitalism.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

This article is devoted to state regulation of the system of social protection of the population. During the transition of the economy to market conditions, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the social sphere at the level of public administration of the national economy is especially relevant. It should be noted that the foreign experience of the developed countries of the world convincingly indicates that it is precisely a clear strategy for managing the social sphere and social processes that ensures the solution of economic and social problems of the development of society, high living standards and equal access of citizens to public goods and services. There is a construction of such a socio-economic model that would be capable of innovative self-development and ensuring high-quality growth. The search continues for effective levers for regulating social inequality, citizens' access to such public goods as education, health care, culture, and personal security. Practice has proven that the system of social protection should include such elements as: legal, economic and social security; financial, information-intellectual and natural resources; budgetary and extrabudgetary mechanisms; national, public and international institutions. In this regard, the main role should belong to the supervision of social security. To address the issues of social protection of the population, it is necessary to use socio-economic indicators of the standard of living (low income, subsistence level, minimum consumption budget, minimum wage and human development index). Despite positive reforms in the field of social protection in Ukraine, the need for fundamental changes in the system of social services remains unsatisfactory. This is due to the inconsistency of social services with the new demands and needs of society. State regulation of the system of social protection of the population requires further reform and improvement. However, a lot of work has been done in this direction, namely, the legal foundations for the activity of the system of social services have been created, but the analysis of regulatory legal acts on this issue proves that these legal acts are not effective enough in action today.

МОДЕЛІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article is devoted to the models of well-being and their comparative analysis in order to expand the understanding of the essence of this concept and in the context of forming a corporate strategy for staff well-being. A review of the various models of well-being that exist in the current literature has allowed us to identify the main structural components and key elements that make up this concept in different contexts. This article aims to study and summarise different approaches to understanding well-being, including scientific theories, socio-economic models, psychological and cultural definitions. An extended analysis of different models of well-being in the context of different scientific disciplines helped to identify common aspects and differences between them, which will contribute to a more complete and comprehensive understanding of this concept. Different approaches to defining and understanding well-being were considered, taking into account factors such as social justice, economic development, psychological comfort and health. This allowed to identify important aspects that affect the formation of well-being models in the modern world and will contribute to the development of integrated approaches in the formation of corporate HR strategy at the enterprise. The relevance of this scientific article lies in the need to clarify and systematise various approaches to understanding the concept of "well-being". Modern society is faced with various interpretations and models of this concept, which makes it difficult to understand the essence and components of well-being. Our article has made an important contribution to the development of the theoretical framework, and a comparative analysis of existing approaches has allowed us to identify common and distinctive features in different models of well-being. The identification of the main elements and structural components of well-being has made it possible to create a more complete and comprehensive understanding of this concept, which in turn will contribute to the development of scientific research, practical applications and policy implementation in order to improve the quality of life and well-being of society as a whole. This article provides a thorough analysis of various theoretical approaches to the definition of "employee well-being" and discusses the lack of consensus on this concept. In addition, the article emphasises the need for a comprehensive approach to managing employee well-being, highlighting the link between employee well-being and specific management practices, company performance and human resource management.

Environmental and socioeconomic interconnection models and algorithms for managing competitively sustainable regional development

The relevance of the work is stipulated by the need to develop a measurement toolkit of energy, environmental, social, and economic processes in the focus of interdisciplinary research. The aim of the research is to form an objective tool for measuring the state of regional systems, taking into account the interrelation of environmental, social, and economic processes. The methodological basis of the work is physical and economic indicators reflecting the interrelation of natural and economic processes. The main hypothesis put forward is that it is possible to build an integral index that objectively describes the model of competitively sustainable development of regions in the context of the interrelation of energy, environmental, social, economic processes. The results of the study have shown that the physical-economic (natural-physical) law operating in economic life, in the economy is the law of conservation of energy (power) flow, and the methodological basis for the construction of an integrated model of regional development should be the requirements arising from the law of conservation of energy (power) flow. The work is the result of theoretical, methodological, and applied research on systemic natural-scientific analysis of development management in socioeconomic systems considered in interaction with the environment. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of methodological possibilities of non-monetary measurement and on this basis the construction of a multilevel complex model in terms of natural-scientific indicators. The analysis of the results of application of the developed models allows to reveal conditions and limitations of energy, ecological, social, economic development of regions.

Features of the process of management of the company's capital structure

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage in Ukraine, which is the creation of an appropriate system of social protection of the population. At the same time, the determining factor is the financial support of this sphere, which contributes to the formation of effective social protection of citizens, which, given the current realities and financial capabilities of the State, is extremely limited. The article outlines the problems of budgetary financing of social programmes, which will contribute to reliable social protection of the population and achievement of a high level of both its welfare and prosperity of the country as a whole. This necessitates the transformation of Ukraine's development in the current conditions in the context of modernisation of the State's socio-economic policy and government actions aimed at improving the living standards of citizens and orientation towards European standards. It is determined that the stable functioning of a modern democratic society primarily requires an effective construction of the State social protection system. Thus, the socio-economic processes currently taking place in Ukraine do not contribute to the proper quality and accessibility of public goods in the social sphere, increase in the level of employment and well-being of the population. This is primarily due to the ongoing hostilities in the country and the consequent difficult financial and economic situation in the country, which has led to a decline in the living standards of its citizens, resulting in an increase in the number of internally displaced persons, low-income groups, the disabled, large families and other categories of people in need of social assistance. The author emphasizes the importance of creating an effective system of social protection of the population in the State, which is one of the key tasks in the process of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage of development. The determining factor contributing to the provision of social protection of citizens is proper financing of this area in terms of optimisation of possible sources in the context of limited financial resources of the State. It is proved that the main transformation in the social protection system in Ukraine, especially in the war and post-war periods, should take place in the area of financing war-related benefits (for the disabled and those who lost their breadwinner); expenditures on rehabilitation of population groups affected by the war. It is also advisable to launch a programme to provide benefits and payments to military personnel and their families and to increase payments to vulnerable categories of the population. It is the comprehensive implementation of the proposed actions that will increase the efficiency of social sector financing and improve the quality of life of the population.

Current trends in financing social expenditures of the state budget

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage in Ukraine, which is the creation of an appropriate system of social protection of the population. At the same time, the determining factor is the financial support of this sphere, which contributes to the formation of effective social protection of citizens, which, given the current realities and financial capabilities of the State, is extremely limited. The article outlines the problems of budgetary financing of social programmes, which will contribute to reliable social protection of the population and achievement of a high level of both its welfare and prosperity of the country as a whole. This necessitates the transformation of Ukraine's development in the current conditions in the context of modernisation of the State's socio-economic policy and government actions aimed at improving the living standards of citizens and orientation towards European standards. It is determined that the stable functioning of a modern democratic society primarily requires an effective construction of the State social protection system. Thus, the socio-economic processes currently taking place in Ukraine do not contribute to the proper quality and accessibility of public goods in the social sphere, increase in the level of employment and well-being of the population. This is primarily due to the ongoing hostilities in the country and the consequent difficult financial and economic situation in the country, which has led to a decline in the living standards of its citizens, resulting in an increase in the number of internally displaced persons, low-income groups, the disabled, large families and other categories of people in need of social assistance. The author emphasizes the importance of creating an effective system of social protection of the population in the State, which is one of the key tasks in the process of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage of development. The determining factor contributing to the provision of social protection of citizens is proper financing of this area in terms of optimisation of possible sources in the context of limited financial resources of the State. It is proved that the main transformation in the social protection system in Ukraine, especially in the war and post-war periods, should take place in the area of financing war-related benefits (for the disabled and those who lost their breadwinner); expenditures on rehabilitation of population groups affected by the war. It is also advisable to launch a programme to provide benefits and payments to military personnel and their families and to increase payments to vulnerable categories of the population. It is the comprehensive implementation of the proposed actions that will increase the efficiency of social sector financing and improve the quality of life of the population.