Socio-economic Evolution Research Articles

Формування здоров’язбережувальної компетентності майбутніх інженерів у процесі професійної діяльності

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of the healthcare-saving competence of future engineers in the process of professional activity in the conditions of the technical institution of higher education. The article concludes that the problem of the formation of healthcare-saving competence of future engineers today is relevant in today's conditions. The modern society faces global problems of rethinking traditional values, defining common goals and priorities that would unite nations and states of the world. Modern society makes significant changes in all spheres of life, the intensification of socio-economic evolution of the world community sees the main need to preserve and provide healthy leisure and healthy lifestyles of various age groups of the population, which also requires the formation of a wide range of specialists capable of this need. This is especially true for the training of future engineers who are not professionally guided by the health-improving activities and the health-care culture. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the formation of future health engineers of preserving competence, which will promote a responsible attitude towards their health and health of others as a defining human value. In this context, it is in the conditions of professional-applied physical training in a technical university that it is possible to create theoretical and methodological foundations for the effective formation of the health-saving competence of future engineers who, in the further professional activities, will focus on healthcare. It is concluded that the formation of healthcare saving competence of future engineers is an extremely important area of educational activity, since a sedentary lifestyle, a large load on the eyesight, musculoskeletal system "promotes" the spread of chronic diseases, which can only be avoided under condition of motor activity, physical activity, gymnastics for eyes, etc.

Socio-economic Inequalities in the Americas—A Mitigating Educational Approach

A long-range educational approach aiming to mitigate the social and economic inequalities in the Americas is presented. The approach is based on a history book that emphasizes the socio-economic evolution in 28 countries of the American Continent. The book is currently used for courses in pilot schools in Central America and its extension is planned to leading institutions in North America. A phenomenological framework facilitates the identification of novel strategies for the harmonization of different ethnic groups and economic development.

‘The ownership was based on club and stick’: the cartographic reconstruction of a medieval monastic estate in the Buzău Region, Romania

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of property regime play a key role in understanding the socio-economic and cultural evolution of the Romanian Principalities during the late Middle Ages. In the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries the main landowners were the boyars (the local elite), the ecclesiastical institutions and the free peasants. The latter, known to have financial obligations only to the State, were in a constant feud with the boyars and the monasteries for the landownership of their estates. A rather common practice for the free peasants was to found a skete (a monastic community) and to endow it with a part of their domain.Focusing on the Buzău Subcarpathians, this paper attempts to examine the spatial dimensions of an estate donated by a free peasant, who later became a monk, to the skete founded by him. The paper uses the toponyms extracted from historical documents, oral histories and GIS to precisely locate the seventeenth-century estate and its subsequent evolution. The approach also serves as a tool for understanding the role played by the estates from a social, economic and administrative point of view. Finally, the paper explains the importance of the findings to the dynamic of the regional administrative county bounds, to the creation of a Historical-Geographical Information System (HGIS) in Romania and also to local tourism.

The Main Theoretical Aspects Regarding Bank Risks: Models for their Management

Banking activity involves a number of risks due to unforeseen events, possibly occurring. From this point of view the risks can not be avoided, because in the socio-economic evolution appear a series of elements, a series of aspects that are difficult to predict. Banking activity should be prudential, in the sense that, with increased attention, some elements that may lead to the emergence of risk can be identified in time. Risks can be random and uncontrollable, such as natural hazards that can hardly be identified. But there are management risks that can be identified, can be quantified, and measures can be taken in this context to ensure that they are diminished if not eliminated. Banking operations and procedures by an even specialized staff are ultimately an element that may also include germs of risk. Banking risks need to be managed, ie they need to be known and steps taken to minimize, at least probabilistically, their. Of course, for a bank it is necessary that its products lead to higher incomes than the expenses incurred. The bank benefit results from a volume of operations and a rate of benefit, but these can not be achieved each time. Banking should be subject to compliance with current banking regulations, but at the same time there may be a series of deviations that turn into risks that impact on banks' financial results. There are several risk categories depending on the exposure to risk, the characteristics of each bank, the duration or the coverage of these risk effects in the balance sheet. As a rule, banking risks, if propagated, lead to unwanted results, lead to a decrease in the ability to meet profitability indicators.

Theoretical high energy physcis in Latin America from 1990 to 2012: a statistical study

We present a statistical overview of the publications in theoretical high energy physics (HEP), which emerged in Latin America (LA) in the period from 1990 to 2012. Our study captures the eight Latin American nations, which are dominant in this field of research: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Cuba. As an intercontinental benchmark, we compare them with India, Canada, South Korea, Belgium and South Africa. We consider the productivity of research papers in specialized high-impact journals, and the corresponding numbers of citations. The goal is to document the efforts in LA to catch up with the most wealthy countries, in a field of research without direct practical benefits. The restriction to theoretical HEP excludes large international collaborations, which enables a fair evaluation of national achievements. We further investigate how these records are correlated with three socio-economic indices: the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Education Index (EI). Despite some progress, there remains a backlog of LA compared to the dominant countries, which cannot be explained solely by economic deficiency. In general, a detailed correlation between the socio-economic and scientific evolution is not obvious.

Цивилизационные предпосылки политической и социально-экономической эволюции России

Цивилизационные предпосылки политической и социально-экономической эволюции России

The bourgeois hawks in market arena: a Marxist reading of A Market of Betrayal

Society, at its different stages of development, is said to evolve different modes of economic production- ranging from primitive mode, slavery mode, feudal mode, capitalist mode and sociological mode. Deploying Marxist literary theory, the paper focused on the effects and the implications of socio-economic evolution in A Market of Betrayals by examining the prevailing mode of production in the play, the type of social relations that exist among the people and govern their relation; those who determine these rules and the means of enforcing them as well as the implication for the opposing force and the society at large. Through textual analysis, it is established that the inherent contradictions in the world of A Market of Betrayals stem from the hidden selfish interest and hypocrisy of the dominant economic force which is in conflict with the interest of the working class. The hidden interests are presented as having universal values meant for the well-being of the people. The paper concluded that any socio-economic relations geared towards exploiting the people will eventually lead to a conflict because of its inherent contradictions. This conflict does not always resolve itself into a new position, essentially different from the original position.Keywords: Bourgeois, Proletariat, Superstructure, Hawks, Dialectical materialism

Bankruptcy in Slovakia: international comparison of the creditor´s position

Research background: Bankruptcy shouldn´t be considered only as negative phenomena although its impact is for companies in most cases more than devastating. This change of point of view is invoked by the needs of contemporary socio-economic evolution. If society wants to reach sustainable development, the bankruptcy should be perceived as an immanent part of normal cyclical economic development. Moreover, if the view of bankruptcy is changed in a positive way, it can be a stimulus for innovations, investment and global welfare. But it is not possible without an increase in the effectiveness of national and international bankruptcy law.Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to analyse the position of a creditor in the case of a debtor´s bankruptcy on the basis of comparative law in the Slovak Republic de lege ferenda. It is because we assume that continuous attention should be given to the issue of the creditor?s position with regard to a debtor´s bankruptcy to achieve sustainable economic development.Methods: The potential consideration de lege ferenda should be based not only on performed legal analysis, but also on performed economic analysis. So, selected countries have been evaluated according to specific economic and legal indicators. We used the interdisciplinary approach based on selection analysis and legal comparative analysis applied to international comparison of the status of creditor and the effectiveness of bankruptcy law from his point of view.Findings & Value added: The applied approach has led us to the detection of the most important insolvency laws, specifically the insolvency laws of the United States and Austria. These legislations were further applied in the context of consideration de lege ferenda over the position of a creditor in the case of a debtor´s bankruptcy in the Slovak Republic.

Hypsometrical Approach as a Decision Tool for Rational Management and Planning of Watersheds to Meet Sustainable Development

Holistic watershed management strategies are needed to allow making rational development within an entire watershed. This study reports on an integrated watershed approach based on hypsometrical distribution of different quantifiable indicators. The upper part of Ziz watershed at Foum Tillicht gauging station in Morocco is the experimental site for this case study. The research approach used allows an in-depth analysis of future situations; it allows making forecasts based on different socio-economical evolution scenarios. The basic data that needed for this approach include high resolution watershed characterization, e.g., geometry, morphology, geology, soil, and land cover/use. In addition, this work details the field experimental activities conducted within the watershed of interest. There is detailed description of the watershed resources mainly watershed equipment, watershed network for the observation of climate and water resources, hydrology, human activities (agriculture, industry, and urbanization), social and economical aspects, environmental considerations, fauna and flora. Results presented are very useful as a pilot integrated methodology for Morocco.

Great Civilizations Population Increase/Decrease Factor

Abstract Demographic changes that currently affect the planet are not fully new, they have continued throughout history, managing to influence geographical areas and making changes to individuals’ lifestyle. The phenomenon of international migration has become a topical issue in 2015 with the increasing number of asylum seekers on the territory of the European Union. This special event raised new questions about the socio-economic evolution of the European continent, with problems being signaled both from the perspective of newcomers and permanent residents of this space. The main task that the political authorities of the member states of the community block have over the next years is to identify a solution through which to achieve appropriate and long-term integration of newcomers, many of them belonging to different cultures of the majority population.

Theoretical model of institutional ecosystems and its economic implications

Previous game-theoretic studies of institutions have viewed institutional changes as either exogenous changes in game form or changes in the game equilibrium through exogenous shocks. Both views of institutions are static and cannot express endogenous changes in institutions. The latter approach states that multiple institutional systems can be kept stable through institutional complementarity and that the changes in institutional systems only arise from exogenous shocks that are sufficiently large to overturn such complementarity. However, they cannot account for the aspects of competition and co-existence where multiple institutions change their relative frequency through endogenous changes. In this article, we model the ecological systems of institutions, as an extensive synthesis of replicator dynamics and evolutionary games, to describe institutional systems that evolve phylogenetically associated with changes in population structure or a pool of rules as replicators, which corresponds to a gene pool. A mathematical model of rule ecosystem dynamics describes rule dynamics wherein multiple rules change their relative weights through evaluations by individuals. In this model, the concept “a meta-rule = an individual value consciousness” is introduced for the rule evaluation. Depending on the setting of the meta-rule, the dynamics of the game rules and individual strategic rules change. We can thus comprehend the endogenous formation, alteration, and extinction (i.e., the evolution of institutions) through the interactions among the game rules as well as those between the game rules and strategic rules. Many other studies focus on how rational individuals select strategies to maximize their payoffs without considering the bounds of rationality. Even when considering these, individual cognitive frameworks and values are typically given. By contrast, this study assumes that individuals have internal rules that express cognitive frameworks and values as meta-rules and analyzes the dynamic interactions between institutions, as social external rules at the meso level, and strategic rules and value consciousness, as individual internal rules at the micro level. In our model, institutional changes do not arise as game equilibria (i.e., players’ selection of strategies in a game), but rather as the rise and fall of game forms, as various rules, in multi-games based on a meta-rule. This view is based on an evolutionary approach where socio-economic evolution is considered to be a selection of rules and institutions rather than that of individuals or their strategies. We discuss the implications of the model of institutional ecosystems on the description of the socio-economy and its evolutionist institutional design.

A new bio-inspired, population-level approach to the socioeconomic evolution of dynamic spectrum access services

Evolutionary species and quasispecies models provide the universal and flexible basis for a large-scale description of the dynamics of evolutionary systems, which can be built conceived as a constraint satisfaction dynamics. It represents a general framework to design and study many novel, technologically contemporary models and their variants. Here, we apply the classical quasispecies concept to model the emerging dynamic spectrum access (DSA) markets. The theory describes the mechanisms of mimetic transfer, competitive interactions between socioeconomic strata of the end-users, their perception of the utility and inter-operator switching in the variable technological environments of the operators offering the wireless spectrum services. The algorithmization and numerical modeling demonstrate the long-term evolutionary socioeconomic changes which reflect the end-user preferences and results of the majorization of their irrational decisions in the same manner as the prevailing tendencies which are embodied in the efficient market hypothesis.

The Beginning of Big Sciences in Physics: The Price to Pay

As long as there is freedom of research, there is the responsibility that comes with it In this paper, we want to trace back the actual changes concerning the relations between physics in particular and sciences in general with socio-economical and technological evolution of the societies. Our main idea is that those changes started with the Atomic Bomb project and the beginning of big sciences mostly and in some degree it is a legacy of the implication of some scientific Laboratories in the World War I and II.

Arun Bala; Prasenjit Duara (Editors). The Bright Dark Ages: Comparative and Connective Perspectives. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 53; Knowledge Infrastructure and Knowledge Economy, 5.) xii + 289 pp., figs., bibl., indexes. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2016. €115 (cloth).

Arun Bala; Prasenjit Duara (Editors). <i>The Bright Dark Ages: Comparative and Connective Perspectives</i>. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 53; Knowledge Infrastructure and Knowledge Economy, 5.) xii + 289 pp., figs., bibl., indexes. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2016. €115 (cloth).

'The Economics Industry' in Albania, 1978-2008

This paper examines the socio-economic evolution of professional academic economics in Albania from their period of isolation beginning in 1978 through the transition to a market economy. Exploring the relationship between government structure and economic thought and practice allows one to understand important features of the Albanian transition. Bibliometric techniques are used to construct a data-driven picture of economics dissertations and publications in Albania. Two critical components of economics practice are identified as missing. First, a history of isolation and Hoxha-dominated political economy undermined perceptions about the usefulness and necessity of citations. Second, constrained resources has limited access to and interest in high quality theoretical research. Albanian economics remains disconnected from both contemporary and historical economic theory and disciplinary formative papers. This has implications for the quality of work that can be produced. Albania’s transition from most isolated country in the world to potential member of the European Union holds lessons for today’s rogue regimes. Understanding the implications of isolation on economic thought and practice could suggest strategies for building necessary and effective academic infrastructures that support economic transitioning.

Climate change and water resources management of Oran region

Our work aims to contribute to the literature on the prospective study of the water balance in the Oran region, a major southern Mediterranean metropolis, by considering the socioeconomic dimension of this region and the dynamic of its climate change through 2011–2030. These two dimensions are important for the analysis of future changes in water stress in the region because they affect both the demand and the supply of the water resources. Unlike other studies, our methodological approach is based on an explicit modeling of the socioeconomic evolution in the region as well as of the dynamic of climate change. For this, we used a time-series modeling framework to predict the effects of change in climate. In addition to the assessment of the effects of the socioeconomic and climate changes on the water balance of the region. Our results, based on simulations using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software, show that the current decoupling between the drinking sector from that of irrigation in the Oran region is not sustainable. Climate change will exacerbate this vulnerability. Only by integrating these two sectors, through a reuse of wastewater, can we consider the irrigation issue from a perspective of long-term sustainability in the region.

War, Peace &amp; Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution. By Iyigun Murat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. xix, 195. pp. $55, hardcover.

War, Peace &amp; Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution. By Iyigun Murat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. xix, 195. pp. $55, hardcover.

Monotheisms and Inter-Faith Conflict Precipitated the Rise of Western Europe. A Review of War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution by Murat Iyigun (University of Chicago Press, 2015)

Monotheisms and Inter-Faith Conflict Precipitated the Rise of Western Europe. A Review of War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution by Murat Iyigun (University of Chicago Press, 2015)

Toward generalized decision support systems for flood risk management

Despite the emergence of a large number of specialized decision-support systems (DSS) in the last decades, currently there are fewer efforts made for integrating the flood risk management relevant sciences with information and communication technologies into generalized DSS. Such systems are expected to formulate decision options for prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery from flood impacts with consideration of climate change, socio-economic evolution, and stakeholders’ input. Currently, there is no unified vision on the architecture, components, and the needed computer and communications technologies for attaining generic DSS for flood mitigation and resilience. Moreover, there is no guidance of what components should be developed first and in what order and how to efficiently include human-computer interfaces for efficient stakeholder engagement and consensus. This paper calls for the formation of a strategic global partnership for framing and subsequently assisting in the development of a generalized flood DSS (FLOODSS) that can overcome the current flood DSS limitations. The call is preceded by a review of the flood decision-support terminology and context. Subsequently, an initial vision on the FLOODSS is outlined and the steps for transitioning such a system from vision to practice are proposed.

Integration and (Re-) Employment of People Living with Sequelae Post Spinal Cord Injury–successful Socioeconomic Evolution–from Cinderella, to the Wonder Princess

Integration and (Re-) Employment of People Living with Sequelae Post Spinal Cord Injury–successful Socioeconomic Evolution–from Cinderella, to the Wonder Princess