Abstract

As long as there is freedom of research, there is the responsibility that comes with it In this paper, we want to trace back the actual changes concerning the relations between physics in particular and sciences in general with socio-economical and technological evolution of the societies. Our main idea is that those changes started with the Atomic Bomb project and the beginning of big sciences mostly and in some degree it is a legacy of the implication of some scientific Laboratories in the World War I and II.

Highlights

  • After the World War II, the world witnessed increasing amounts of knowledge and the establishment of new scientic disciplines, abilities and applications which have changed modern research landscape

  • Our aim in this paper is to show how the massive involvement of the physical communities in the Bomb Atomic project and the changes in the mentality of this communities opened the doors widely towards the idea of \Big Projects and Big sciences in the Cities"

  • There is what we call \pseudo-functional obsolescence" part in which we introduce a mere cosmetic changes that improve neither utility nor performance and constrain towards replacement for all the wrong reasons

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Summary

Introduction

After the World War II, the world witnessed increasing amounts of knowledge and the establishment of new scientic disciplines, abilities and applications which have changed modern research landscape. In 1633, at the conclusion of one of history's most famous trials, the Roman Inquisition found Galileo guilty of \vehement suspicion of heresy"; this was a specic category of religious crime intermediate in seriousness between formal heresy and mild suspicion of heresy He had committed this alleged crime in a book that defended Copernicus's hypothesis of the earth's motion and denied the scientic authority of Scriptured; this work had been published the previous year, under the title Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican. Expresses views of ethical non-naturalism (contrasted to ethical naturalism)

Tesla Case !
Obsolescence as argument of progress
The Manhattan Project
Values in Science
Knowledge-based economy
Managing the University
Conclusion
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