Socio-economic Development Policies Research Articles

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the association between socioeconomic development and health policy attention: a geographically and temporally weighted regression modeling study in China.

Health policy attention (HPA) refers to the extent of attention given by governments to health issues in public policy and is generally influenced by socioeconomic development. This study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and clustering of the associations between socioeconomic factors and HPA. Longitudinal study. This study examined the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the association between public and provincial government attention, economic development, and demographic transition and HPA by using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). Word2Vec machine learning technology was utilized to calculate HPA data in 323 cities and independent variable data was collected in each city in China over the period of 2018-2021. The results showed that there is a substantial overall rise in HPA levels throughout China following the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the GTWR results revealed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the associations between HPA and public and provincial government attention, economic development, and demographic transition, particularly in the context of COVID-19. The impact of provincial government attention on HPA decreased from the capital of the political center outward, while the impact of public financial investment decreased in less developed cities during the pandemic. It was only cities with high levels of aging are more likely to receive greater HPA. The finding highlighted the remarkable spatial and temporal variations in the associations between the variables and HPA across different regions in China, emphasizing the need for region-specific policies to strengthen the focus on health by municipal governments.

Identifying the factors affecting social welfare in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam today

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, with appropriate socio-economic development policies, the economy of Vietnam in general, and Dong Nai Province in particular, has overcome difficult periods and achieved significant growth rates. This has led to a remarkable improvement in social welfare policies, contributing significantly to enhancing both the material and spiritual well-being of the community. This not only yields positive outcomes in ensuring the welfare of the people but also contributes to political stability and promotes economic growth. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting social welfare in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam today, and proposing solutions to leverage opportunities and overcome challenges in ensuring social welfare in the province, holds both theoretical and practical significance.

Assessing the impact of agriculture, coal mining, and ecological restoration on water sustainability in the Mu Us Sandyland

Balancing water demand for socio–economic development and ecosystem stability presents a challenge for regional sustainable management, especially in drylands. Previous studies have indicated that large–scale ecological restoration projects (ERPs) lead to a decline in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Mu Us Sandyland (MUS). However, the effects of other human activities (e.g., cropland reclamation, coal mining) on water resources remain unclear, raising concerns regarding water crisis and human–natural system sustainability. Through the utilization of coal mine location data, we found that the impact of coal mass loss on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products cannot be ignored in MUS, especially in the coal–rich northeastern part. Combining these data with auxiliary datasets, we observed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in TWS (−0.85 cm yr−1) and groundwater storage (GWS, −0.95 cm yr−1) in the MUS, with human activities accounting for 79.23 % of TWS and 90.45 % of GWS reductions, primarily due to increased agricultural and industrial water consumption. Agricultural water consumption increased 2.23 times from 2001 to 2020, attributed to enhanced water use intensity (62.6 %) and cropland expansion (37.4 %). Industrial water consumption in Shenmu, a representative coal county, experienced a 4.16–fold rise between 2001 and 2020. Despite these challenges, local governments have alleviated water stress, ensured food security, and increased household income by comprehensive management strategies, such as enhancing water–saving technology and enforcing stringent policies. Previous studies have overestimated the amount of water resources consumed by ERPs. However, ERPs has played a critical role in stabilizing the regional ecological environment and ensuring the region as a vital food and energy supplier. Our findings can guide for socio-economic development and water management policies in similar regions.

Потенциал применения институционализма в качестве теоретической основы государственного управления

State management of the socio-economic development of Russian society is carried out in the context of unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions, which necessitates a rethinking of approaches to economic analysis, which is the theoretical basis for the development of long-term forecasts of socio-economic development and socio-economic policy of the state. In the process of economic analysis in the emerging conditions of public administration, along with economic ones, it is necessary to take into account other significant social phenomena and processes, including the political and legal systems, social values immanent in Russian society, which is possible through the application of institutional economic theory based on an interdisciplinary approach to economic analysis. However, firstly, the founders of institutionalism are American scientists who analyze the American political and legal system and the culture of the American people, which excludes the direct use of institutionalism for the analysis of Russian political and legal reality and, secondly, to date, institutionalism has not been incorporated into a unified economic theory. formed. Based on the fact that institutionalism is recognized as a promising direction in the development of economic theory, the article points out the need for its adaptation to the socio-economic conditions of the development of Russian society, for which, first of all, it is necessary to develop common approaches to the definition of such basic concepts used in Russian institutionalism, as "institutional structure", "institutional environment". The analysis of the approaches of American and Russian scientists to the definition of the concept of the analyzed terms is carried out, on the basis of which, taking into account the Russian political and legal system, the author's definitions of the concept of "institutional structure" and "institutional environment" are proposed. The conclusion is substantiated that the use of these concepts in the proposed interpretation in the course of institutional analysis corresponds to an interdisciplinary approach to economic analysis, immanent institutionalism, is aimed at establishing institutionalism as a unified economic theory adapted to the realities of Russian society, capable of acting as a theoretical basis for effective public administration.

An integrated simulation framework for NDVI pattern variations with dual society-nature drives: A case study in Baiyangdian Wetland, North China

Due to climate change and socio-economic development, the growth and distribution of wetland vegetation have been destroyed, resulting in a degradation trend of wetland ecosystem. It is critical to simulate variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) patterns under changing environments to guide targeted restoration and protection. Considering that current NDVI pattern simulation focused only on the linear driving forces of nature or society and had a low simulation efficiency, an integrated simulation framework with dual society-nature drives was proposed. In the framework, the spatial and NDVI patterns were simulated by system dynamics-future land use simulation (SD-FLUS) and random forest (RF) models, respectively. Baiyangdian Wetland in North China was taken as a case study, and its typical vegetation—reed—was taken as the simulation object. The NDVI patterns were simulated under the effects of socio-economic development, climate change and ecological protection policies. The results showed that the spatial patterns were affected by social factors, while the NDVI patterns were affected by natural factors. The spatial aggregations of the NDVI were affected by social and natural factors. Besides, the growth space of reeds was easily encroached under the existing development and protection policies. If ecological protection policies were implemented, the reed area would be restored, but the growth status would be poorer, requiring further protection measures and more attention to the growth status of reeds in sensitive areas. This study provides a new research perspective for simulating NDVI patterns and scientific supports for refined management of wetland vegetation.

Resource and innovation policy of socio-economic development of modern Russia

Global and tectonic shifts in the world economy that have occurred in the 21st century in the world are inevitably reflected in the state of national economies. The Russian economy, over a decade of economic sanctions against it, practically of an open nature of sabotage by the United States and a number of Western countries against Russian critical infrastructure — the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline on September 26, 2022, found itself in a situation of de facto complete stop of export-import operations in the field of foreign trade activities with European countries. As a result of the start of Russia’s special military operation (SVO) in Ukraine, the logistics supply chains to the Russian Federation have radically transformed, and new supply logistics are being developed within the framework of the so-called «parallel» imports. The problems that arose with the supply of raw materials, materials and components affected the fall in the industrial production index in a number of Russian regions as of the end of 2022. However, the well-balanced and consistent economic policy of the Russian government has intensified the activities of industrial enterprises to produce products to achieve the goals of the Northern Military District, where positive production dynamics are already noted in 2023. The named factors that determine the state of the Russian economy in the near future determine the need to overcome the conservative natural resource model of economic development and transition to a resource-innovative strategy of economic growth. The purpose of the study is to study the institutional foundations for the formation of a resource-innovative model of economic growth in the modern Russian economy. The objectives of the study are interconnected and consist of the following: to analyze an array of economic scientific works on the research problem in order to demonstrate the evolution of views on the role of the natural resource factor in the development of national economies; analyze the institutional foundations for the formation of a resource-innovation model of development of the Russian economy, etc. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific research methods — analysis, synthesis of information obtained, interpretation of data. The information base for the research is presidential decrees, strategic planning documents, national projects, scientific articles by Russian researchers on the problem under study.

Пріоритети податкової політики соціально-економічного розвитку територіальних громад

The article formulates the priorities of the tax policy of socioeconomic development of territorial communities under the influence of endo- and exogenous factors of its implementation. In the course of the study, general scientific and special research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, the method of causal analysis, methods of systematization and logical generalization, as well as the method of SWOT analysis. Their application made it possible to identify and systematize the problems of implementation of tax policy in the context of ensuring the socioeconomic development of territorial communities in Ukraine, taking into account the regulatory, organizational, economic, managerial and regulatory aspects. The method of SWOT analysis identifies obstacles and opportunities, weaknesses and strengths of the implementation of tax policy aimed at the development of individual territories of the country. According to its results, the priorities of the tax policy of socioeconomic development of territorial communities are determined. It is proposed that the implementation of these priorities of the tax policy of socioeconomic development of territorial communities of Ukraine, taking into account its administrative-territorial structure and differences in the natural-resource, production-sectoral and socioeconomic provision of individual territories, should take place primarily at the local level, which will help to form «development centers», the economic growth of which, according to the principle of diffusion, will spread to the regional and national levels. It is expected that the identified priorities will help to improve the existing tax policy, contributing to increasing the tax potential of budgets of cities, the formation of a business environment, and improving the tax culture both at the level of the population and at the level of competent local authorities, as well as the growth of social awareness and participation in the economic development of territorial communities.

ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ И ДОХОДЫ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАК ИНДИКАТОР СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the demographic situation, as well as the analysis of income and expenses of the population as the main indicators of socio-economic development of the region. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic and the problem, considering current trends in socio-economic development, challenges and problems facing the Voronezh region. It is also noted that the standard of living of the population acts as an indicator characterizing the socio-economic development of the territory. The first part of the article is devoted to the demographic situation in the region. The article presents the results of a study of the standard of living of the population in the Voronezh region. An assessment of the demographic situation in the Voronezh region and its impact on the socio-economic development of the region is given. The study found that the population of the region was gradually falling, with the main decline occurring in 2021. The reasons for the trend were the spread of a new coronavirus infection, the outflow of residents from the region, and a low standard of living, which generally causes dissatisfaction with living conditions in the territory. The solution to this problem is seen in the implementation of the concept of demographic policy until 2025, which assumes the implementation of targeted programs aimed at reducing mortality, especially in working age, equalizing living standards between urban and rural areas, and also includes measures to proactively respond to possible changes in the demographic situation. The second part of the article presents the regional aspect of income and expenses of the population as the basis for the formation of demand in the consumer market. In particular, it is noted that the incomes of the population are one of the socio-economic categories that allow us to assess the level of development of the region. According to the level of economic development of a particular territory, the incomes of the population may change both quantitatively and structurally. Much attention in the analysis process was paid to the costs that residents incur in their daily lives. Considering the structure of public spending, it was noted that the main share is occupied by expenses aimed at purchasing food. The analysis of the main indicators was carried out using materials from the Federal State Statistics Service. The results of the analysis can be used in the processes of developing and implementing the socio-economic development policy of the region. In conclusion, it is concluded that the growth of real incomes of the population acts not only as an indicator of the socio-economic development of the region, but also as the main factor of economic growth, contributing to savings, as the main source of investment in the economy.

Crafting Heritage: Exploring the Socio-Economic Dynamics of Pottery-Making in Nohar, Rajasthan

Pottery-making is one of the oldest crafts deeply rooted with India’s rich cultural heritage. Nohar, a town in Rajasthan and a rich pottery centre is renowned for unique pottery styles. With the objective of assessing the socio-economic status of potters in Nohar and understanding the awareness about government initiatives like KSY and PMAY among the potter community, 56 potters were selected through purposive and snowball sampling and were personally interviewed. The study concludes that the majority of participants fall under lower middle group in Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status (SES) scale emphasizing the importance of tailored policies for socio-economic development. The dual role of potters engaging in agricultural activities and the migration to semi-rural settings indicates the craft's adaptability to changing lifestyles while preserving its traditional essence. Low awareness about the schemes like KSY and the PMAY indicates the need to enhance awareness and understand potential gaps in implementation.

Methodological recommendations for digital rating of economic indicators of enterprises

Introduction. The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the profile rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bodies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. The purpose of the paper is in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rating the activities of enterprises according to profile and economic indicators in Ukraine with the aim of developing agreed unified methodological recommendations regarding the rating of business entities in the process of European integration. of Ukraine. Results. In order to determine the rating of the enterprise by profile indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the profile activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calculation, as well as to introduce a digital rating of the profile indicators of the enterprise. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations between them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, in accordance with the adopted policy of socio-economic development. Conclusions. The proposed methodological recommendations on the digital rating of the profile indicators of enterprises will allow to improve the legal framework for determining the rating of the enterprise to obtain a scale of reliability of the enterprise as a business entity, to eliminate significant problems of corruption in the distribution of financial funds, to improve financial and credit discipline, first of all, in the central authorities , and secondly in industries, regions, cities and credit institutions, etc.

Методичні рекомендації щодо рейтингування економічних показників підприємств

The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the economic rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bod-ies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. It consists in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rat-ing the economic activity of enterprises according to economic and economic indicators in Ukraine in order to develop agreed and unified methodological recommendations for the ranking of business entities in the process of European integration of Ukraine. To determine the rating of the company by economic indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the economic activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calcula-tion, and to introduce a digital rating of the economic indicators of the company. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations be-tween them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, according to the adopted policy of socio-economic development. The proposed recommendations will help to simplify the conditions for obtaining privileges by honest and conscientious enterprises in the form of quotas, licenses, permits, benefits, subsidies. The proposed system will enable government bodies, as well as other commercial institutions, to conduct a kind of audit of the enterprise, to see the overall picture of the state of its activity, to transparently select the best in the industry and grant them privileges. In addition, the rating will help reduce the number of inspections of the enterprise by government authorities, which are often inefficient and ineffective.

Menuju Kesejahteraan Pesisir: Evaluasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Sosial Ekonomi Di Kecamatan Sape, Kabupaten Bima

This research will focus on the evaluation of socio-economic development policies in Sape District, Bima Regency, with the aim of understanding the extent to which development efforts have achieved their goals. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method and a Literature Review. The research location includes the Bima Regency Development Planning Agency, the Department of Tourism, the Department of Marine and Fisheries, the Department of Environment, and the Department of Social Affairs of Bima Regency. The research findings indicate that Sape District has significant economic potential in the fisheries and agriculture sectors, but it still faces a considerable level of poverty, especially among coastal households. The economic empowerment of coastal communities needs to be enhanced through skills training programs, financial assistance for business capital, and improved access to business loans. Furthermore, a specific focus on generating employment opportunities, particularly for young people, is essential. Poor infrastructure and limited accessibility pose significant obstacles to economic development. Investments in infrastructure improvement, such as roads and ports, are required to enhance mobility and market access. Sustainable natural resource management is vital for preserving the potential of fisheries and agriculture in the area. Strict law enforcement against illegal fishing practices and educational efforts to promote sustainable fishing practices are necessary. Climate change impacts, including rising sea levels and extreme weather conditions, affect the region. Therefore, strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation need to be developed. The evaluation of socio-economic development policies indicates that assistance programs have been implemented, but there is a need for improvement in directing policies toward poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, and sustainable natural resource management.

Water resource sustainable use assessment methodology and an impact factor analysis framework for SDG 6-oriented river basins: evidence from the Yellow River basin (Shaanxi section) in China.

The rapid growth of developing countries has placed unprecedented pressure on water resources, severely hindering the realization of sustainable development goal 6 (SDG 6) in river basins. In this study, sustainable water resource utilization (SWRU) in the Yellow River basin (Shaanxi section) from 2005 to 2019 is evaluated through an analysis of water resource overload combined with the water footprint (WF) and the water planetary boundary (WPB) and an analysis of water resource utilization quality combined with the WF and city development index (CDI) based on the coupled coordination model. Then, the results are incorporated into the drive-pressure-state-impact-response framework to analyze the impacts of the socioeconomic system on SWRU and the feedback effect of related policies. The results show that there were obvious differences in the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the WF in different geographical units. The WF of Guanzhong first increased and then decreased, and the WF of Northern Shaanxi grew continuously. The water deficit state is increasing. Although the coordination level between the WF and CDI in the basin increased by 500.31%, it was characterized by nonequilibrium and volatility. Compared to water resource endowment, socioeconomic development and government policies have greater impacts on SWRU; furthermore, the influencing factors demonstrate spatial variability, revealing the complexity of achieving SDG 6 in the basin. As policy implications, adaptive water resource policies should be formulated on the basis of strengthening the overall basin management. This study provides a scientific basis for promoting the realization of SDG 6 through watershed water management.

Innovative Policy for Socio-Economic Development in Nunukan's Coastal Border Communities, North Kalimantan

Innovation policy plays a crucial role in national development, productivity enhancement, and well-being. However, the social and economic conditions of individuals residing in coastal regions bordering other areas are generally far inferior to those of their neighbors. This study aimed to evaluate the government’s introduced policy innovations to improve the socioeconomic circumstances of these coastal border communities. The methodological approach used in this study was both qualitative and explanatory. The research location was in North Kalimantan Province, precisely in the coastal area on the border of the Nunukan Regency. The findings indicate that the implementation of innovative policies for socio-economic development is not yet optimal, especially when viewed through the lens of the internal instruments required to realize policy innovation. For the effective development of the social economy in these areas, policies must be participatory and adaptive in design, capable of creating a comprehensive policy strategy to boost the well-being of society.&#x0D; Keywords: policy innovation, development social economy, border area

Linear or Circular Economy: A Review of Theories, Practices, and Policy Recommendations for Vietnam

The traditional linear economy has created unstainable development. A circular economy (CE) is considered as a crucial means and has been adapted by many governments to achieve sustainable development goals. By narrative literature review, this article aims to discuss the concepts of linear and circular economies and CE models, examine countries’ CE development experiences, and make recommendations for successfully adapting a CE. The findings show that a CE is different from a linear one in terms of the step plan, focus, system boundaries, reuse, and business models. The CE model includes slowing and closing resource loops and a narrowing of resource flows and is based on the foundation of renewable and non-toxic resources as well as through long-lasting design, and reducing, maintaining, repairing, reusing, remanufacturing, refurbishing, recovering, and recycling. Many countries around the world have adapted a CE model with different circularity levels with the main focus to reduce waste. The paper also recommends that a CE should be percieved as the central point of socio-economic development programs and policies that must address the full cycle, from product design to production processes, consumption, and recycling rather than having only a waste reduction focus. Producers should use a CE framework as the basis for product design, manufacturing, and recycling strategies. Consumers should change their perception of CE and adjust their behaviors towards making decisions to buy and consume toward circularity. Also, there is a need to change the perceptions of policy makers and other stakeholders on the CE concepts and framework.

Land Use Change and Landscape Ecological Risk Prediction in Urumqi under the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP-RCP) Scenarios

Understanding land use/cover change (LUCC) and landscape ecological risk change in the context of future climate warming can help adjust socio-economic development policies, optimize regional ecological security patterns, and promote green and low-carbon development on the one hand and provide important supplements and improvements for research in related fields on the other. Taking Urumqi as the study area, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-modal ensemble data, we used the coupled system dynamics (SD) model and patch-generation land use simulation (PLUS) model to simulate land use change under three SSP-RCP scenarios in 2020–2060, and we predicted trends of landscape ecological risk change in this 40-year period by using the landscape ecological risk index (LERI). The results indicate that woodland and grassland significantly increase under the SSP126 scenario. Unused land is larger in the SSP245 scenario. The expansion trend of construction land toward cultivated land is most obvious in the SSP585 scenario; additionally, the area of water increases more distinctly in this scenario. The overall landscape ecological risk under the three SSP-RCP scenarios is reduced to different degrees; in particular, the risk level of urban built-up areas and nature reserves decreases remarkably, and the area of the highest risk zones of unused land is also gradually narrowed. By 2060, the average LERI under the SSP126 scenario is the lowest. The study findings can help relevant departments formulate reasonable urban development plans, which are of great theoretical and practical significance for guaranteeing regional ecological security.

The role of multilateral cooperation in the transition to a circular economy and low-carbon development: waste recycling associations as agents of change

The article presents the results of a study of the activities and role of professional associations for recycling of production and consumption waste in connection with the start of Russia's transition to a circular economy and the implementation of the strategic federal project of the same name. A retrospective analysis of the development of the concept of “closed loop” over the past decades has been carried out in the context of the disposal of production and consumption waste and the formation of the concept of a circular economy. Specific institutional, cultural, and legal barriers are described that prevent the transition of the current economic system to sustainable cyclical patterns of production and consumption with the usage of secondary material resources in production. A classification of waste recycling associations is proposed based on information about the participants of associations and the functions they perform: associations of manufacturers and importers of goods and packaging within the framework of the implementation of extended producers’ responsibility standards, associations of waste recycling companies, associations of manufacturers and recycling companies, associations of complex partnerships. For each identified type of associations, a case example is described. Based on the analysis of the activities of foreign (USA, European Union (Netherlands), China, India) and national associations for waste management, as well as the International Solid Waste Association, which operates at the global level, via comparison of their organizational structure and legal framework, characteristic features for each type of associations are identified, as well as cooperative forms of interaction relevant for Russia. The key problems associated with the activities of waste recycling associations in Russia are described, as well as the prospects for the creation and transformation of such associations, taking into account the socio-economic development policy pursued in the country.

Island studies and socio-economic development policies in East Asia

The globalization of island studies has resulted in a greater recognition by island studies scholars of the need for more regional-based island research to encompass the diversity of island knowledge and experiences. Island research in East Asia provides examples of both English and native language perspectives across four distinct socio-cultural contexts: Japan, South Korea, the Chinese mainland, and Taiwan. Historical literature and contemporary scholarly research provide a context for understanding: (1) how East Asian researchers engaged with island studies and islandness; and (2) how East Asian socio-economic development policies reflect understandings of islandness locally and across the region. We found similarities among the four East Asian regions, but also variations based on different domestic political perspectives. Given the late start of island research in East Asia, many topics await more detailed future examination.

Labor Migration Trends in Vietnam in The Period 2014-2018

Information about labor migration plays an important role in planning and implementing socio-economic development policies in each region and for the whole country. This study used data from Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey 2018, 2016 and 2014 conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam to analyze labor migration trends based on demographic characteristics and regional features. Statistical results show that the percentage of labor migrants tended to increase in the period 2014-2018. The results show that demographic factors such as ethnicity, age, gender, marital status, and education had a strong relationship with labor migration flows. In addition, there was a positive correlation between regional characteristics such as unemployment and underemployment and labor migration. By understanding the demographic and regional characteristics that influence specific groups of migrant workers, policymakers can establish target policies to effectively control labor migration flows

Aquatic Cultural and Sports Tourism: Socio-Economic Development Policy Implication

Aquatic Cultural and Sports Tourism: Socio-Economic Development Policy Implication