Socio-economic Development Of Russian Regions Research Articles

A Complex of Management Tools to Overcome Differentiation of Region’s Spatial Development

A key direction of the state regional policy is sustainable socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. However, the solution of this issue is significantly complicated by a number of problems associated with the spatial heterogeneity of the country and further inequality in the level of socio-economic development of Russian regions. The relevance of this study is determined by the necessity to solve the problem of systematization of theoretical approaches to the description of mechanisms of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, aimed to overcome the spatial differentiation of territories by basic indicators. The object of the study is the regions of the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts. The aim of the study is to develop the principles of systematization of tools for spatial development of the subjects of the Russian Federation depending on the level of differentiation of regions by basic principles. To achieve the aim, the authors used the following research methods: comparative analysis, empirical analysis, synthesis, statistical method, graphic research methods. Based on the comparative analysis of the existing causes of differentiation of spatial development of the subjects of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, the objective and subjective factors of regional inequality were identified. The analysis of existing mechanisms of spatial development of the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts revealed their insufficient efficiency in solving the problem of smoothing regional socio-economic inequality. The author’s approach to the formation of a set of management tools to overcome the differentiation of spatial development of regions on the example of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts on the basis of grouping the subjects according to the studied groups of basic indicators is proposed. The paper proposes the definition of individual characteristics of each subject of the Russian Federation as a basis for the formation of tools for spatial development of the region.

Correlation between income inequality and economic growth in Russian regions: new results based on the Granger causality test

The issue of income inequality is highly relevant in scientific literature. It is caused both by the population’s pursuit of achieving an acceptable level of social justice specific to a particular society and by the property, which is often attributed to income inequality, to negatively influence economic development and growth. This article conducts an analysis of cause-and-effect relations between income inequality in the Russian regions (measured by the Gini index) and the level of gross regional product (hereinafter referred to as GRP) per capita. The primary research method employed is the Granger causality test. The research is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service on the socio-economic development of Russian regions. Direct and reversal causality tests were performed, revealing that GRP per capita influences income inequality, but not vice versa. Moreover, the logarithm of GRP per capita exhibits a bidirectional relationship with the Gini index for Russian regions. On the basis of the obtained results, it is concluded that for effective management of the issue of regional income inequality, it is advisable to use indirect methods of financial regulation instead of the direct ones and influence income inequality through indicators of GRP per capita in Russian regions, thereby creating conditions for an increase in the standard of living and average income.

Comprehensive analysis of regional disparities in the distribution of income and welfare of the population in the Russian regions

The modern Russian economy is characterised by considerable regional disparities concerning distribution of incomes and well-being of the citizens. These imbalances can be especially noticeable when analysing various sectors which play an important role in the economic progress of the regions. Within the framework of this study, based on a comparative analysis, the degree of dependence of the living standard on the electromechanical industry is assessed. The hypothesis is advanced that the outstripping growth of this sector has a significant positive impact on indicators of employment, income, and quality of life. Testing this hypothesis will make it possible to create a state policy for equalising the socio-economic development of Russian regions with consideration to the industry specialisation of their economies. Statistical data on personal income, quality of life indices, as well as specific indicators of industry progress in different regions of the Federation were used for the study. The employed methods of correlation and regression analysis identified the links between the level of sectoral development and economic well-being of the territorial units. The analysis showed that such regions as Moscow, St. Petersburg, where an infrastructure sector leads, and a number of oil-producing Siberian regions demonstrate higher indicators of income and quality of life. At the same time, subjects with a less developed sector, for instance some areas of the North Caucasus and Siberia, are experiencing difficulties in achieving similar levels of welfare.

Strategic planning in Russian regions: Spatial development issues

Strategies for the socio-economic development of Russian regions must necessarily include sections devoted to spatial aspects, which in some cases, however, fail to reach their goals due to crude methodological recommendations aimed at effective problem-solving within the regional strategy. The paper discusses the theoretical and methodological fundamentals of sections on spatial development included in the socio-economic development strategies of the RF subjects (using the case of the Ural Federal District (UrFO)). The study rests on the theories of strategic management, as well as regional and municipal management. The research data are obtained from regulatory documents and strategies for the socio-economic development of the UrFO subjects. Qualitative analysis methods were used. We reveal the structural specificity, goals, indicators and measures covered in the sections on spatial development. Despite the existence of the methodological recommendations, each RF subject tends to establish the structure of the ‘spatial’ section based on regional priorities and characteristics. The article reports on the most successful practices of spatial planning in terms of agglomerations and clusters, placement of industrial and social facilities, infrastructure, including the functional zoning of territory, identification of the promising areas of the region’s existing and emerging economic centers’ specialization, etc. Based on the research findings, we recommend to more actively use zoning by the level of socio-economic development, pinpoint promising growth points relating them to the current strategic projects, and develop target indicators more accurately considering the dynamics of population settlement, location of production and infrastructure development.

New Patterns in the Modern Dynamics of Socioeconomic Development of Russian Regions

New Patterns in the Modern Dynamics of Socioeconomic Development of Russian Regions

Scheming of socio-economic development of Russian regions: Problems of multi-scale scenario planning

Scheming of socio-economic development of Russian regions: Problems of multi-scale scenario planning

Comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of social security regional financial models in Russia based on the DEA method

The problems of financial regulation of poverty and income inequality in Russia are widely discussed in the scientific literature. One of the important aspects in this area is efficiency assessment, which should be the basis for developing solutions that contribute to the growth of the Russian population welfare. This article develops a comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the system of state financial regulation of poverty and income inequality In Russian regions on the basis of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and regression analysis. The information base contains the indicators of socioeconomic development of Russian regions for the period from 2017 to 2021. The analysis algorithm of the technical efficiency of budget expenditures on social policy has been developed and tested. The research novelty is the application of the DEA method taking into account the theory of regulation of income inequality by F. Bourguignon. The paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the regions’ efficiency and identifies the determinants of the efficiency indicators: the size of the regional economy and the level of income per capita; the share of poor citizens in the region; indicators of regional demographic development (fertility, mortality), etc.

Methodology for assessing the efficiency of public financing of national projects on the basis of cluster analysis

Subject. Increased external challenges and threats slow down the growth rate of gross domestic product as a basic source of financial resources for the development of the State. The key to improving the living standards is to enhance the mechanism of capital redistribution within national projects implementation, given the need for balance and existing imbalances in the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of State financing of national projects, based on cluster analysis as a modern tool to identifying groups of regions according to specified variables, which include targets and financial indicators for national projects implementation. Methods. We applied methods of cluster analysis and mathematical statistics, to form groups of Russian regions with different levels of socio-economic efficiency and financial risks of national projects execution. To divide regions into clusters, considering their internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, we developed indices of centralization of financing and achievement of targets of national projects, which were used as variables. Results. The offered methodology contributes to the development of scientific approaches to financial analysis and forecasting in the field of socio-economic development of Russian regions and the country as a whole. Its practical implementation enables to assess the likelihood of successful implementation of national projects in Russian regions and shape a flexible State policy for financing national projects. Conclusions. The study confirmed prospects for using cluster analysis to assess the effectiveness of State financing of national projects and established that the amount of financing of national projects is not a determining factor in the effectiveness of their implementation.

Sustainable development ratings as a tool for assessing socio-economic transformations in the regions of the Russian Federation

Purpose: of this article is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development by Russian regions based on a combination of basic universal indicators in a given time interval.Methods: the article is based on the use of statistical methods to build a sustainable development rating of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the period 2018–2020, based on three blocks – economic, social and environmental.Results: the authors of the article proposed and applied the universal methodology for compiling a rating of sustainable development of Russian regions within the economic, social and environmental blocks. For each subject of the Federation, the dynamics of the rating for the period under review was calculated and analyzed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the article makes it possible to identify regions-leaders and regions that systematically lag behind in terms of achieving the SDGs, as well as to identify regions that show a steady increase (decrease) in ratings for SDG indicators. The proposed algorithm for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development parameters can be used to identify trends in the development of Russian regions, identify factors and mechanisms that determine the opportunities and conditions for achieving the SDGs by Russian regions, and is an effective tool for regional policy in the field of achieving sustainable development. The results of the study make it possible to develop and improve the system for managing the socio-economic development of Russian regions, develop strategies and guidelines for their development in various time frames, and therefore may be of interest to managers at the federal, regional and municipal levels.

Цифровая трансформация и ее влияние на социально-экономическое развитие российских регионов

The modern world economy is transforming into the digital economy. Digital transformation can be a driver of socio-economic and technological development of various states and regions. As shown by the experience of developed countries, digital transformation contributes to the creation of new business opportunities, emergence of new markets and niches, and consequently affects regional socio-economic development. However, this process is uneven across countries, leading to significant differences between regions. Additionally, the connection between digital transformation and regional sustainable development should be considered. The paper presents the authors’ perspective on digital transformation and analyses the impact of digital transformation on the socio-economic development of Russian regions in terms of sustainable development priorities. The research aims to develop and verify a multilevel multiple regression model, which illustrates regional digital transformation through integral indicators and describes its impact on regional sustainable development. In particular, the study examined the integral indicator of digital transformation and integral indicator of sustainable development, revealing a correlation between them for Russian regions. The regions were clustered according these indicators. Panel data econometric models for different clusters showed that such factors as digital labour and digital capital greatly influence socio-economic indicators of Russian regions. The direct correlation between the share of manufacturing in gross regional product and regional digital transformation was established. The calculation of integral indicators for all Russian regions identified significant spatial heterogeneity of Russian regions in terms of their sustainable development and digital transformation. At the same time, an increase in the share of manufacturing share in gross regional product causes a decrease in regional sustainable development.

Assessment of the development of innovative and ecological potential of agriculture

Nowadays serious problems of economic transformation are changing the direction of investment flows, so the issue of innovation is incredibly relevant. A number of volatile factors have affected the development of the global economy, and also made future economic prospects even more confusing. The purpose of this study is to explain how modern technologies in agriculture affect the socio-economic development of Russian regions. The methodology used in this work is to evaluate the world experience and practice of modern technologies used in agriculture. How the use of these types of technologies has made agriculture smarter and better. By using smart technology, a farmer can improve his crop and livestock production and save time. Due to the traditional way of farming, farmers are unable to produce more crops and are unable to find the right solution due to lack of information and other necessary things. But with the help of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, farmers can get all the information they need in just one click. The article shows the priority strategic directions for the development of the innovative potential of agriculture and what the state and investors should pay attention to.

Managing the reproduction potential of the population of Russian regions based on machine learning models

The article is devoted to study of the patterns of development of potential for the reproduction of the population of Russian regions, considering the socio-economic situation in them. The purpose of the work is to identify the factors of socio-economic development of Russian regions that have the greatest impact on the level of population reproduction and to analyze the sensitivity of this characteristic to changes in the state of socio-economic situation in Russian regions. To achieve this goal, the key characteristics of the population reproduction potential were analyzed the marginal rate of population reproduction and standardized birth rates for five-year age groups of mothers for the period from 1990 to 2020.The results presented in the article were obtained in the course of studying the dynamics of population reproduction and interdependencies with the main socio-economic indicators of the regions, assessed by the methods of correlation analysis and machine learning, on the results of testing of which the most informative factors were identified that have a significant impact on the process of reproduction of the country and its regions with the account of the age structure of mothers. In particular, it was found that with an increase in the age of mother, the influence of factors characterizing economic well-being increases when deciding to have a child, while in younger age groups the indicators of social well-being become more important. On the basis of these models, estimates of the sensitivity of indicators of population reproduction and birth rates in each of the studied age groups of mothers were obtained in case of changes in the socio-economic factors. Based on the analysis, there were drawn conclusions about the impact of the socio-economic situation in the country and regions on the birth rates in different age groups of mothers, as well as on the reproductive potential in general.

ВЛИЯНИЕ САНКЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СТРАН ЗАПАДА НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The relevance of the study of the impact of Western sanctions on the socio-economic development of Russian regions as an information basis for making managerial decisions to ensure the sustainable functioning and development of the Russian Federation in the short and medium term is substantiated. The most sensitive sanctions of Western countries for the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan are highlighted, taking into account the structure of the economy of the republic with a predominance of oil production, oil refining industry and petrochemistry. A methodological approach to the rating assessment of the impact of the sanctions policy of Western countries on the level of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation for the 1st half of 2022, including a system of indicators of economic, social, financial and demographic development, has been developed and tested. The use of the proposed approach makes it possible to identify regions that have been able to adapt to the sanctions and use them to increase the level of socio-economic development in order to replicate their positive experience in other regions of Russia, as well as to identify the regions most affected by the sanctions to develop measures for their state support. The typologization of the regions of Russia according to their sensitivity to the sanctions of Western countries has been carried out, with the allocation of the most and least affected regions of the country by sanctions. The rating positions of the Republic of Bashkortostan on sensitivity to Western sanctions have been determined, highlighting the key problems that they may face in the medium term in the conditions of economic war carried out by countries of the world "unfriendly" to Russia in response to a special military operation in Ukraine. A set of measures is proposed aimed at smoothing the negative effects of the sanctions policy of Western countries, as well as the use of additional opportunities in terms of the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the areas of import substitution, support for high-tech exports, reducing dependence on imported equipment and components, and promoting innovative development. The results of the study were reported at the XIV International scientific and practical conference: "Innovative technologies for managing the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia", October 20-21, 2022, ISEI UFIC RAS, Ufa. The article may be of interest to researchers dealing with the impact of the sanctions policy of Western countries on the socio-economic development of Russian regions, and territorial administration bodies responsible for making managerial decisions in the field of anti-sanctions policy.

Production Function Based on Input–Output and Growth Rate Indicators as a Tool for Assessment of Innovation Climate in Russian Regions

Assessment of the innovation climate in Russian regions is a priority. Given the uneven socio-economic development of the federation subjects, it is essential to determine their readiness for the transition to an innovative course. However, due to the high degree of differentiation in the socio-economic development of Russian regions, when using methods based solely on tracking indicators, there is a decrease in the objectivity of the assessment. This is caused by a significant spread in the values of the indicators, which provokes the distortion of the final calculations. To avoid the subjectivization of calculations, it is appropriate to supplement them with the construction of functional dependencies. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to substantiate hypotheses about the possibility of using the production function to assess regions’ innovation climate. The process of evaluating the innovative climate of meso-territories is implemented using the methods of statistical analysis: absolute and relative statistical values, indices, interquartile range, time series, and regression analysis. As a result of building production function models in volumetric and temporal records, arguments are formulated regarding its use to characterize innovative conditions. In the study, an additional character of the production function was established; it is possible to use it, but with several assumptions. The obstacles to innovative transformations in the Russian regions are formulated based on the calculations. The scientific contribution of the authors comes down to substantiating the expediency of combining heterogeneous methods of analysis in identifying innovative conditions in Russian regions; it is proposed to combine both a generally recognized tool for these purposes—indicative analysis and a less common one—a production function.

Saving People as A Factor of Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions (on the Example of The Central Federal District)

Purpose of the study. To establish the specifics of the situation in the field of saving people in the regions of the Central Federal District, to identify the compliance of the state socio-economic policy with the real state of saving people in the regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the authors used the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Territorial State Statistics Service for the Orel region, the works of individual scientists and public organizations on the problems of saving people. In the course of the work, statistical research methods were used: tabular and graphical methods, analysis of dynamics’ series indexes, the grouping method.Results. The dynamics of the population in 1990-2021 was studied in the context of the federal districts of the country, including the regions of the Central Federal District, depending on individual factors (natural, mechanical movement). The study of the population in the regions of the Central Federal District showed that for the period 1990-2021, a decrease in the population was found in all regions of the Central Federal District (except Belgorodskaya, Moscow regions and Moscow). The rural population is decreasing at the fastest pace: mortality rates significantly exceed fertility rates in rural areas, the share of the working-age population is decreasing, and the share of the population older than working age is increasing.Conclusion. The problem of saving people is urgent and requires the development of an effective system for managing the quality of life of the population and regulating demographic processes in the regions of the Central Federal District: Vladimirskaya, Tverskaya, Orlovskaya, Smolenskaya, Tulskaya, Ivanovskaya; in which the decrease in population is associated with natural factors: the mortality rate significantly exceeds the birth rate. It is advisable to form regional programs to improve the organization of healthcare in the following areas: Vladimirskaya, Kalugskaya, Ivanovskaya, Orlovskaya, Tverskaya, Yaroslavskaya. To manage migration processes, reduce the labor shortage in accordance with the needs of the region’s economy, create jobs and conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, improve the quality of life of the population, develop appropriate programs in the following areas: Vladimirskaya, Orovskayal, Smolenskaya, Tambovskaya, Tverskaya.

Сельхозмашиностроение как фактор создания новых производств и территориального развития

In this article, we will consider and analyze the stages of reforming the Russian agro-industrial system, its formation and support measures created by the Government of the Russian Federation. Agricultural engineering is the most important part of the agro-industrial complex and has a number of features. We will look at these features, and ways to solve the problems that have arisen. The Government of the Russian Federation also drew attention to the low technical support of farmers, and proposed a set of measures to solve this problem. Let us consider their influence on the socio-economic development of Russian regions.

Elements of correlation analysis in the assessment of digital inequality of some regions of Russia

Subject: specific socio-economic relations mediating the processes of digital inequality of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in the context of correlation analysis. The goal of the research: conducting a comprehensive assessment and identifying the correlation between digitalization ratings and indicators of socio-economic development of Russian regions (according to the Siberian Federal District) in order to substantiate an effective mechanism for smoothing the regional level of digital inequality. The methodology is based on the principles, methods and approaches of correlation analysis, statistical methods of information processing, as well as on the analysis of secondary sources of information about the socio-economic situation of the region and the level of development of information and communication technologies in it. Results. The data on the presence of digital inequality in the regions of the Siberian Federal District were updated. The relationship between the level of development of information and communication technologies and the socio-economic situation of the territories is revealed, which determines the important role of eliminating the digital inequality in improving the economic security of the regions. The importance of increasing the ICT budgets of the regions of the Siberian Federal District is grounded. The study showed that successful experience in overcoming the digital divide includes measures aimed at: increasing the availability of ICT, increasing the penetration rate of digital services, increasing the share of competent ICT specialists, which contributes to the sustainable economic development of the subject of the Federation. Conclusions: the use of elements of correlation analysis makes it possible to identify the cause-and-effect relationships of regional digital inequality, the task in conditions of significant territorial fragmentation and differentiation of the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Programs to bridge the digital divide should be backed by an appropriate mechanism to ensure the construction of network infrastructure and the penetration of the digital space into remote areas and rural areas, in parallel with the improvement of the general digital literacy of the population. As practice shows, the mechanism of leveling, smoothing the level of digital inequality inevitably entails an increase in economic activity, an increase in the economic security of regions, an increase in their competitiveness in the local, all-Russian and world markets.

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article offers methodological approaches to the construction of aggregated indices characterizing labor potential and assessing its impact on the indicators of socio-economic development of Russian regions. A composite index of labor potential has been built. According to its values, a brief analysis of the differentiation of regions was performed. Groups of leading and lagging regions are identified. The influence of indicators of labor potential on the standard of living of the population of regions is estimated using methods of causal analysis of a set of interrelated variables. On this basis, some econometric models are constructed that allow for a conditional forecast. The research tool is the methods of component and regression analysis. This kind of information may be of interest in the development of comprehensive programs for the socio-economic development of regions.

ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ

Prospects for long-term socio-economic development of Russian regions necessitate the implementation of new spatial assessments of the most important characteristics of living conditions and public health. The purpose of this study was to conduct a territorially differentiated assessment of the population health status of the Kamchatka Region over the last decade (2010-2019). This study was based on a cluster analysis of the main administrative-territorial units (districts) of the Kamchatka Region using five thematic indices. All indices characterize the complex state of population health. The indices were calculated for five blocks of indicators with 17 medico-demographic and epidemiological parameters. Cluster analysis classified all districts of the Kamchatka Region into five clusters (types). The five clusters of districts with different levels of population health status (above average, average, below average, low, very low) have been analyzed using comparative method. The most unfavorable levels of population health status were identified in the fourth (Karaginsky, Olyutorsky) and fifth (Penzhinsky, Tigilsky, Bystrinsky) clusters of districts. An important research perspective in the future is the development of new measures in the field of regional and municipal health care in the Kamchatka Region.

Contribution of Highly Qualified Employees to Regional Economy

Knowledge and skills concentrated in human capital are increasingly important factors of economic development. However, there is a lack of a methodology for determining, which skills are necessary for the efficient industrial development. To this end, we examine skill requirements of regional employers potentially leading to an increase in economic indicators. Skills in demand were compared with predicted indicators based on a se mantic content analysis of vacancy databases in various regions of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that the list of demanded competencies depends not on a geographical aspect but on a specific profession. An analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that the growth in demand for highly qualified employees in the Russian Federation is correlated with an increase in gross value added of relevant industries. A linear correlation between gross value added per employee and the need for skilled specialists was demonstrated on the example of the transport sector. The proposed methodology can be used by educational organisations for targeted training of specialists, as well as by employers and experts for forecasting medium- and long-term socio-economic development of Russian regions.