Socio-economic Development Of Russia Research Articles

Labour immigration to Russia: myths and contrarguments

The article analyzes the role of immigration and labor immigration in the demographic and socio-economic development of Russia in the post-Soviet period. Two main migration flows (immigration for permanent residence and labor immigration) to the country are analyzed on the basis of both absolute numbers and socio-demographic structure. The four most common myths regarding the negative impact of labor migration on the socio-economic situation in Russia are considered in detail: immigration hampers technological re-equipment and the renewal of the Russian economy; immigrants squeeze national labor from the Russian labor market; immigrants contribute to the dumping of wages on the Russian labor market; immigrants are to blame for raising the retirement age in Russia. The author’s counterarguments on each of these myths are cited. A distinctive feature of labor migration to Russia is the clearly expressed labor motivation of migrants. For the most part, migrant workers are people from the countries of the former USSR (primarily citizens of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan) who are willing to work actively, many speak Russian, are oriented towards Russia, want and are ready to register honestly, get permits documents and pay taxes. Many migrants have quite successfully adapted to the Russian labor market, some receive a temporary residence permit and a permanent residence permit, and many become citizens of Russia. This is partly evidence of their successful integration into Russian society. Given the demographic situation in which modern Russia is located, labor migration could not only replenish the cohort of labor resources on a temporary basis, but also increase the population of the country on a permanent basis. At the same time, the sociocultural consequences of labor migration for local societies and Russian society as a whole require additional study. In this regard, Russia needs to develop the infrastructure for the adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society - to ensure access to learning Russian, medical services, education of children and migrants.

The Federal budget for the years 2019–2021: fiscal balance or economic growth? (conclusion on the draft Federal law No. 556362-7 “On the Federal budget for 2019 and the planning period 2020 and 2021”)

The authors present the results of the evaluation of the main provisions of the draft Federal budget regarding their compliance with the requirements of the budget legislation, and the documents of strategic planning of socio-economic development of Russia. At the same time, we concluded that the transition to a balanced budget and active accumulation of funds in the National Welfare Fund, along with a decrease in the dependence of the Federal budget on fluctuations in oil prices in world markets, will contribute to macroeconomic stability. However, the transition to a balanced budget is also due to the rejection of tax and budget incentives for the economy. We identified systemic problems and risks of the Federal budget for the medium and long-term. The authors also assessed the problems of implementation of the main provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on May 7, 2018, No. 204 in the framework of the presented budget concept and budget policy.

Estimation of Impact of Crime the Development on the Human Potential (the Case of Russia’s Regions)

On the basis of the modified HDI index proposed by the author, the influence of crime rate on the development of human capital in the regions of Russia is estimated. It is shown that the high level of socio-economic development in Russia's regions does not always positively affect the reduction of crime rates, since the high or low crime rate in Russia's regions may be associated with other factors: historical, cultural, etc. We believe that for each region it is necessary to develop its own socio-economic policy aimed at creating conditions for the development of basic socio-cultural attitudes for the harmonious development of society.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

Main Trends and Conclusions of Russia's Socioeconomic Development in April 2018

None of the important indicators of the Russian economy has become of late ominously turbulent, and foreign investors have even increased their investments in Russian assets. However, there is little doubt that these investments are in the main speculative, and that turbulence can easily come back with a vengeance. Even the unexpected decision of United States Department of the Treasury to soften some of the anti-Russian sanctions should be logically interpreted not as an indicator that the situation has begun to improve, but rather as a sign of further growth in uncertainty.

Measures to ensure economic safety of the system of state regulation of social and economic development by the example of the Voronezh region and AO concern "Constellation"

Growth of competitiveness and socio-economic development of Russia and its regions are impossible without ensuring economic security of enterprises of all sectors of the economy and forms of ownership, which is especially important in the face of economic sanctions and the negative impact of global economic crises. The program of social and economic development is a unique strategy of the region, focused on security and optimization of the spatial structure and relations between the center and the regions in order to ensure economic security, growth through the most effective use of existing internal and external factors. The institutional influence of the state in order to improve the economic security of regions and enterprises occurs palliatively when the business of the region is supported in direct (subsidies), and more often indirectly (compliance with the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation and the region) on the principles of institutional and market synergies. Adaptation of enterprises in the region to the market is difficult, when specific socio-organizational, economic, technical and technological, scientific, information activities in their interrelations function in the field of Russian laws. The search for ways to improve the economic security of the Russian Federation, regions and enterprises takes place in the context of global integration through the improvement of the mechanism of state regulation. An important task of the current stage of economic security of the country and regions is the construction of a system of its institutional organization that would be able to balance the levers of government with the opportunities of private enterprises, provide a quality level of providing the business with protection from terrorism, predation, financial risks, legal competition and.

Trends and Challenges of Russia's Socioeconomic Development in January 2018

Russia’s economic landscape of the past few weeks, and especially its international economic environment, were characterized by a bizarre combination of mostly positive facts and grim misgivings regarding the possible expansion of sanctions and the predominantly positive facts.

The Role of Kuzbass in the New Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of Russia in the Fourth System Cycle of Capitalist Accumulation: the World-System Analysis

The aim of the research is to develop the conceptual foundations of the strategy of socio-economic development for mining region (on the example of Kuzbass) under the conditions of the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation. The relevance of the issue is determined by the need to eliminate the growing lag of Russia behind the world economy leaders, which is impossible without a new vision of the role of resourceproducing regions in the national economic system. Integration of Russia into the capitalist world-system on the basis of the Washington Consensus has formed in it a raw-materials export model in which its natural resources serve the accelerated economic growth of the competing countries. The accumulation of individual capitals dominates the social capital accumulation, which leads to a reduction in Russia's share in world GDP and population. This article presents the conceptual foundations of the Kuzbass development strategy in accordance with the new conditions for the Russian economy performance in the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation.

Modeling of Environmental-Economic Indicators of Regional Development

One of the current topical problems is the prediction of climate change and mitigation of its consequences. All-sided analysis of ecological, economic, and social aspects of climate issues relies on interdisciplinary assessment models. This article adapts the MERGE optimization model to the current state of the world economy and introduces into the model a new component that implements a simplified procedure of “green” GDP calculation (“green” GDP, or GGDP, provides information about the efficiency of use of environmental resources). The objective of our numerical simulations is to tests the consequences of Russia’s hypothetical participation in the program for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to analyze the environmental indicators of Russia’s GDP. The input data are mainly provided by the project of scenario conditions and main macroeconomic parameters for the forecasting of socio-economic development in Russia in the near future implemented by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. The calculations reveal the existence of reserves for Russia’s “painless” participation in environment-preserving initiatives that call for not exceeding the 1990 emission level in 2020–2025. At the same time, increasing the environmental efficiency of Russia’s GDP is a relevant task that requires immediate attention.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ФАКТОР ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

The article examines the state and dynamics of labor productivity in the Russian Federation within the context of major policy documents on the socio-economic development of Russia. The author analyzes the dynamics of a number of high-performance occupations for the last three years. The paper features the factors of productivity growth and efficiency of its use in practice. The author determines the main causes of low level labor productivity and proposes measures for its improvement. The article is based on analysis of statistical data, outcomes of analysts’ researches, and the results of interviews with managers. The result of the study is the conclusion that, along with large-scale renewal of fixed assets, it is needed to use extensive reserves of an organizational nature to increase labor productivity. Among them: reduction of losses of working time, the use of modern managerial techniques, motivating people to high performance by all methods, centralizing and systemizing of improvement proceedings for labor productivity.

Направления институциональной трансформации государственной службы

The concepts of rational bureaucracy, New Public Management and Good Governance were studied. It is
 indicated that wrongly assume that one of them is more progressive, because all concepts originally aimed
 at the rationalization of the public service and subordination its own interests according the interests of
 society.
 A set of conditions for the participation of citizens in governance exists today. There are a networked
 organization, a partnership, a production of public goods, and value of public interest. It is proved that in the
 Concept of the Russian Federation civil service reform (2001) laid the modernization potential for building an
 open and democratic public service.
 We postulate the classification of the barriers and challenges that hinder the civil service reform, and we
 formulate the growth points and the alternative transformation vectors. Then we consider the risks of each
 alternative in the short, medium and long term, and how to overcome them. It is indicated that the priority
 should be the harmonization of the legal framework for civil service and public sector.
 In the first step is need the convergence of the legal content of civil service with other activities in the public
 sector, and the renouncement the civil servants to serve to politicians, which is aimed at increasing their
 personal responsibility. It is necessary to implement the new basic legal principle of targeting efforts of the
 civil servants to achieve economic growth and improve the quality of citizens life.
 In the next step a new phenomenon – the public service – should be formed. The new public service will
 include the civil service, municipal service and the public sector organizations, as well as some other types
 of organizations.
 This requires some changes in the personnel policy: the formation of a single personnel reserve for the
 entire public service, improving the qualification requirements for all public positions based on professional
 specializations, and ensuring the effective public control. A systematic approach to the creation of the public
 service will increase the efficiency of public institutions and their resilience in the face of global instability.
 Our conclusions were tested in draft the Strategy of socio-economic development of Russia for the period
 till 2030.

The intermediate performance of territories of priority socio-economic development in Russia in conditions of macroeconomic instability

The Russian economy in recent years has faced the influence of a number of negative factors due to macroeconomic instability and increased foreign policy tensions. In these conditions the considerable constraints faced processes of socio-economic development of regions of the Russian Federation. In this article the authors attempt to analyze the key indicators of socio-economic development of the regions in which it was created and operate in the territories of priority socio-economic development. These territories are concentrated in the Far Eastern Federal District. The article identified, processed, and interpreted indicators, allowing to produce a conclusion on the interim effectiveness of the territories of priority socio-economic development in Russia in conditions of macroeconomic instability.

STAFFING THE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: SITUATION AND PROBLEMS

The goal of this original research paper is to analyze the state and the staffing problems of the priority directions of the socio-economic development in Russia and to reveal the required directions to modify the staffing approaches within the continuous education in general and in higher education institutions in particular. We here study and generalize the contents of the state programmes, which support the priority directions of the socio-economic development in Russia in terms of staffing, consider questions of the methodological and legal aspects to support these programmes with regards to manpower training. Our research has shown that in most of cases the implementation of the programmes is not supported by the required amount of staffing of various skill levels. This fact requires revisiting and reworking of these state programmes within one framework. Based on this analysis, this article proposes the concept of such framework together with a specially designed model to monitor and assess the state of the continuous professional education system, which can form the basis for further deeper theoretical and applied research and development both in the field of continuous education and in the area of educational institution development and management. This work presents results of the unique and complex generalized analysis of the state and the staffing problems of the government programmes, the analysis being carried out for the first time in practice. These results can be implemented in practice by the government officials and management to undertake the actions of revisiting and reworking the socio-economic programmes and to take managerial decisions to further sharpen the structure and develop the system of the professional continuous education.

ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЭКОЛОГО-СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЭКОЛОГО-СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

The internationalization of the Meetings-, Incentives-,Conventions- and Exhibitions- (MICE) industry: Its influences on the actors in the tourism business activity

IntroductionThe global tourism market is exposed to internationalization processes and as a result is forced to apply modern strategies, offering consumers innovative ways of tourism. The issue of internationalization of business processes, services and technologies is not over in the scope of business travel. Due to increases in the flow of business travellers, a number of ongoing business activities has caused interest in the internationalization of business services and processes of business tourism in the context of globalization of the regional tourism market. The increased role of regional tourism in the socio-economic development of Russia and its regions, and a growing influence of internationalization on this process, led to the relevance of the theme of the article.Internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective has a close link to the actors in the tourism business activity [Andersson 2000]. Internationalization process of the firm plays a significant role for development and increasing foreign market commitments [Johanson, Vahlne 1977]. Competitive advantage creates sustainability and performance by these key elements: factor conditions; demand conditions such as firm strategy and structure and rivalry; related and supported industries [Porter 1985]. All these elements provide the region with conditions for tourist, economic and social development and contribute to local and regional economies, providing jobs and investment, including the recent construction and rehabilitation of venues, accommodation and infrastructure, that benefit not only local people but also visitors. Business tourism, seen as a strategic tourism segment, is positioned as an important leverage factor that can contribute to local development by attracting events, contributing to the extension of stay at destination, influencing the return of visitors and the promotion and strengthening of the region's tourism image [Marques 2013; Marques, Santos 2016].The main goal of this study is to justify the strategic orientations and effective operation of institutional arrangements of the Meetings-, Incentives-, Conventionsand Exhibitions (MICE) industry, due to the global transformational changes to enhance the internationalization of the actors in the tourism business activity.The structure of this article is as follows: the first part is a description of the essence of the MICE industry, explaining this concept and its main components and elements. The next part shows the business tourism destination as a result of internationalization processes. The third section presents the cooperation of foreign private companies with the local government and MICE Industry. The last part discusses the characteristic trends of public-private partnership (PPP) as a significant tool of the cooperation process between foreign private companies and the local government, to strengthen the trust between government and business representatives on regional level.1.Research methodThe methodology used in this research was to do a systematic analysis of national and regional components of the tourist services market, in the course of which systematically contributing factors, as well as negative influences on the economic actors of the tourism business activity have been identified and described.This article focuses on substantiating the role and place of a business tourism catalyst in the system of innovation infrastructure instruments and institutions. The article assumes that business tourism catalysts are the most optimal mechanism to search for and support promising innovative companies and projects such as Conventions & Visitors Bureaus (CVB), MICE tourism.To describe real economic processes, the study used a situational analysis method making it possible to describe the current state of affairs, to understand existing problems and propose possible means to overcome these problems. In short, this method enabled us to study current phenomena in real conditions [Yin 2003]. …

Государственно-частное партнерство как перспективная форма реализации региональных проектов

The strategic documents on the socio-economic development of Russia in the long term constantly emphasizes the importance of the PPP as an important mechanism for public investment policy, which allows to attract private funds for the implementation of priority projects to improve governance of industrial and social infrastructure, encourage innovation, create conditions for realization of business projects, which have nation-wide strategic importance. The forms, in which public-private partnership is implemented in specific regions, depend on the institutional environment, the investment attractiveness and the specific competitive advantages of the region. The article deals with the process of formation in the field of PPP legislation, describes the experience of and activities in the region in the implementation of PPP projects. The experience of PPP development in Tula region based on program-target method of management, which has received in the implementation of the cluster approach, the creation of special economic zones, the determination of priority investment projects, the mechanisms of cooperation of state and municipal authorities and private business.

RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CHINA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL PERCEPTION IN THE BORDER REGIONS

Occurred nearly a quarter of a century ago, the collapse of the Soviet Union - an event that led to the formation of a new configuration of the world-system. In this global role, the national significance of this event for Russia that she has to find their place in the world that actualizes a scientific discussion on this topic. Without public clarification and comparison of the ideological differences and disagreements it is difficult to imagine the development of a democratic society. Moreover, it is impossible to do without a debate in the society, standing in the darkness. Russia again, as in the beginning 1990-h years is in a situation of historical bifurcation. Russia to go their own way or try to rebuild themselves in the experience of the successful modernization of the States of the European, Asian, South American or African. They have used the Western (European) experience, without losing their national identity. Inherent in our ethnic consciousness and the inclination to extremes, Russian intellectuals keen on totally unproductive debates, like the endless, which is between "Westerners" and "Slavophil's" (in the current language - "fundamentalists"). The notorious dichotomy becomes more and more absurd, Recalling the disputes of "points" and "dull bits" from the famous novel of Jonathan Swift. The country is a completely different choice - effectiveness and development or the inefficiency and backwardness, modernization or preservation of its political and economic model, developed by reformers in 1990-ies. Today, therefore, Russia should not deifying the West, than succeeded ones and not the deification of exclusivity, what more you want to succeed others, but strong awareness of the reality and the pursuit of maximum expediency, pragmatism in the development of the achievements of Western civilization. If Asian countries are to successfully adopt the European (Western) modernization experience, then Russia as a European country should be more favorable conditions. In line with what is happening in the country discussions on ways of socio-economic development of Russia and its role and place in the emerging new global configuration, interactions with neighbors, primarily with the European Union and China in the context of the prospects of replacing the existing economic model and the upcoming modernization. Need to know life plans, orientation and attitudes of the Russian youth, its ideas about the place of Russia in a changing world. how it links its future with the future of their country. In the upcoming modernization, the main burden of its implementation will fall on the current young generation of Russians. In this regard, the article analyzes survey results of University students in six Federal districts of Russia.

Стратегическое планирование развития территории:: принципы и подходы к выбору инструментария

Territorial development is both a toolto ensure effective
 and sustainable socio-economic development of Russia, and on
 the other hand requires a consistent transformation of spatial organization
 and economic structure of the country.
 In developing the spatial development strategy advocates the need
 for a comprehensive methodology for the spatial distribution as the
 industry structure of the economy, as well as legal support for the
 planned activities.
 The article describes the principles and approaches to the choice of
 tools used in the development of spatial development strategy. The
 main stages of strategic planning of the territory’sare strengths and
 weaknesses, opportunities and threats. By type of competitive advantages,
 all the factors of competitiveness are grouped into three
 categories: natural resource, operational and strategic. Experience
 in building integrated competitiveness ratings of Russian regions
 allows you to select a group of factors that determine the future
 spatial development. Five groups of factors determining the spatial
 further competitive development of Russian regions. The influence
 of geographic information systems in the competitive development
 of the regions. Spatial planning based on technology foresight.

Assessing the Potential of Economic-Geographical Position for Russian Regions

On the basis of the review of the scientific literature, the category of economic-geographical position (EGP) is formalized. The developed method of international and interregional EGP potential assessment is based on the use of gravity models; in the future, it can be widely used in regional studies to explore the benefits of the spatial location of objects (countries, regions, cities, etc.). These calculations for Russian regions have showed a significant spatial differentiation. The regions located near Moscow and St. Petersburg agglomerations have the maximum potential of interregional EGP, the potential decreases uniformly to the east. The maximum international EGP potential is concentrated in the regions on the coast of the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Sea of Japan. The potential of the Kaliningrad region is in 5.6 times higher than it is for the Tyva Republic. In addition, it is revealed a significant increase in the total EGP potential in the 2000s, and its shift to the southern regions of the Far East due to the growth of the Asia-Pacific economies. The regions with a high and low efficiency of EGP use are revealed. The results are used to identify the connections between the EGP potential and the indicators of socio-economic development. It is found that a favorable EGP is one of the factors for gross regional product growth, the growth of investment and foreign trade, migration growth and spread of new technologies. Formalizing EGP as a category allows to use it to predict the spatial changes in the socioeconomic development of Russia.