Socio-economic Development Of Region Research Articles

Using Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Frequency Ratio Technique for Revealing Groundwater Prospective Areas at Wadi Al Hamdh Watershed, Saudi Arabia

For socioeconomic development in arid regions, there is an increasing need for groundwater resources due to rapid population expansion. It is necessary to apply innovative approaches for managing the sustainability of groundwater resources. Thus, remote sensing, geologic, climatic, and hydrologic data are integrated through the GIS-based frequency ratio and overlay analysis for assessing the spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) of Wadi Al Hamdh, Saudi Arabia. Twelve factors controlling groundwater’s existence and infiltration were identified, normalized using the frequency ratio technique and combined through GIS techniques. To accomplish this, 313 well locations in the study area were used for training (70%) and 137 well locations were utilized for validation (30%). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and field data, the model predictions were validated and showed very good performance (AUC: 0.893). The five zones on the GWPZs map correspond to 2.24, 5.81, 13.39, 53.90, and 24.65% of the entire area. These are: excellent, good, moderate, low, and very low perspectivity. As a good example, the applied approaches provided very good results that are significant to planning and sustainable development as well as managing groundwater resources in arid regions.

Economic Development of the Region and Its Structural Components (on the Example of the Orel Region)

Differences in the level of socio-economic development of regions are determined by many conditions and factors, such as: economic, social, political, natural, human, environmental, etc. The main goal of analyzing the socio-economic development of the region is to improve the conditions and quality of life. The article deals with the socio-economic development of the region (on the example of the Oryol region). The author analyzed the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators of the region, identified the problems of the region's development, outlined the prospects for the socio-economic development of the region. The assessment of the socio-economic development of the region was carried out using the average values of socio-economic indicators for two and three years. The analysis revealed an imbalance in the dynamics of the main socio-economic indicators of the development of the Oryol region. Some indicators characterized the growth of socio-economic development, others — its decline. An important aspect of the analysis was the consideration of the “Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Oryol region until 2035” in the main areas of its functioning. The effectiveness of the implementation of the planned activities was revealed, the selected indicators were studied, and the degree of their achievement was considered. The result of the study was the author’s view on the definition of the current situation of socio-economic development of the region. The main directions for improving the socio-economic development of the region are proposed, as well as the main methodological provisions are developed, cause-and-effect relationships are identified and priority directions for the development of the Oryol region are substantiated. The modern development of the Oryol region, both at the micro and macro levels, should be aimed at the active use of innovative resources, which will ensure sustainability in its socio-economic development.

The Model of Socio-Economic Stratification of Society Based on An Agent Approach, Taking Into Account Rank Exchange

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the possibility of adequate mathematical modeling of property inequality in a stratified society based on an agent approach, taking into account the unequal (rank) exchange between agents with different socio-economic status. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks:1. To develop minimum criteria for the adequacy of mathematical models of socio-economic inequality.2. To substantiate the advantages of mathematical models based on an agent approach using rank exchange.3. To present the author’s version of the mathematical model of the goods’ movement in society based on an agent approach, taking into account rank exchange.4. To check the author’s mathematical model for compliance with the minimum qualitative criteria of adequacy and to create a quantitatively coinciding with the real distribution of the country’s population of the Russian Federation by income.5. Determine the limitations of the developed mathematical model by the authors.Materials and methods. The paper used statistical data from Rosstat, the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, the US Bureau of the Census, the Edelman Trust Barometer, as well as data published by domestic and foreign researchers of inequality. These data were compared with the results of inequality calculations obtained using the mathematical model of the goods’ movement in society based on an agent approach, taking into account rank (nonequivalent) exchange.Results. The minimum criteria that any adequate model of stratification of society must meet are defined: 1. reveals a lognormal distribution of the population by income with a heavy tail; 2. reflects in long-term historical retrospect the trend of inequality growth; 3. demonstrates a short-term reduction of inequality during periods of socio-economic crises.The proposed model meets these requirements, it demonstrates not only qualitative, but also quantitative adequacy – reproduces by calculation the curve of the actual distribution of Russian society by income.Common concepts of inequality, in particular, the theory of superstars or skill-based technological change do not allow achieving such a result. The limitations of the created mathematical model are shown:– the impossibility of creating an adequate Lorentz curve with insufficient computing power;– inability to describe changes in cross-country inequality, since countries are not subjects of rank exchange, although interstate agreements certainly have an impact on the exchange between economic subjects of social interaction;– inability to describe situations of absolute poverty, i.e. long-term decline in income, although in the real economy such situations are sometimes observed;– the endless growth of inequality over time, whereas in reality economic processes of inequality growth are always opposed by social processes of counteraction to this growth.Conclusion. The mechanism of spontaneous emergence and growth of income (property) inequality as an inevitable consequence of market relations is demonstrated.The agent-based approach, taking into account the rank exchange, can allow identifying critical moments in time, after which extraordinary economic and socio-political consequences will have an irreversible character, and can also help in studying the influence of individual behavior of economic agents of different levels on the evolution of the entire economic, and as a consequence, socio-political system.The results obtained will be useful for strategic planning, when developing target indexes for the socio-economic development of regions and the country as a whole, and improving the methodology for calculating key performance indexes for civil servants

Ensuring homogeneity of regional socio-economic development: Republic of Bashkortostan case study

Over the past several years, an increase in regions’ heterogeneity determined by the uneven distribution of resources, lack of effective levers of innovation management, and the growing shortage of financial resources has become one of the main features of regions’ socio-economic development. That has led to their disintegration into territories that are quite different in terms of socio-economic development. The need for the use of levers of economic regulation is specific to each territory, which means that management systems react to corresponding signals quite differently. In the article, the homogeneity of the socio-economic system, its basic element being the region, is dealt with based on the connectivity of the economy. The capacity of the flows of goods and services, development of the corresponding infrastructure, optimality of population settlement, and reasonableness of financial resources redistribution, which implies the effectiveness of their use in order to stimulate economic activities and ensure innovation, are taken into account.

STUDY OF METHODS OF MEASURING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

The article proves that in modern conditions the sustainable development of regions is possible on the basis of the creation and development of institutions of coordination of interests between all the main participants of market relations: business, state, society. Business should assume responsibility for many areas of society development directly related to its economic activity (ecology, social programmes in the field of territorial development, improvement of the quality of life of the entire population: health care, labour protection, education, culture, sports). Analysis of the mechanisms of social responsibility implementation in practice shows that at the current stage of development socially responsible business behaviour should be elevated to the rank of the main direction of state policy. To achieve political, economic and social goals facing society, it is necessary to consistently implement large-scale measures to create social infrastructure in industrial regions, protect and expand the reproduction of natural resources, and create conditions for sustainable socio-economic development. The interrelationships of business social responsibility and sustainable development are studied, and priorities on the part of business and the territories of presence are identified. The experience is generalised and methodological approaches to macroeconomic assessment of damage and losses of the region's economy due to the environmental factor in accordance with different development scenarios are proposed. The theoretical foundations of the social responsibility of business as a system that naturally ensures the increase of socio-economic development of regions on the basis of the principles of sustainable development, necessity and sufficiency for sustainable development of the territory are developed; it is determined that the nature of compensation measures depends largely on the structure, functions and main directions of the implementation of social responsibility of business. A set of methodological approaches to the social assessment of business in the system of sustainable socio-economic development of the region

Modern definitions of the depressive territories and the criteria of their definition

Transformation processes in the economy of Ukraine and its integration into the world economic space necessitate the elimination of asymmetry of socio-economic development of regions, which resulted in the aggravation of the emergence of depressed territories with low levels of financial support for their development. In this context, a feature of regional policy is its focus on overcoming the depressiveness of territories and addressing the most urgent financial support problems for developing these territories. The article aims to study the content and specifics of the definition of "depressed territory", to determine the characteristic features of a depressed territory and to identify the factors that aggravate the socio-economic problems of depressed territories in modern conditions. The article explores and analyzes scientific approaches to defining the concept of “depressed territory”. The genesis of the terms “depression” and “depressive” are examined to determine the essence of the concept of “depressed territory” as a specific object of study of the regional economy, and approaches to their definition are analyzed. Much attention is paid to identifying the characteristic features inherent in this type of territorial entity, in particular: disproportionality of development, lack of developed production, presence of problems of crisis nature, low level of budget financing, and absence of adequate incentives at the state level for intensifying their development. Based on the research, the factors of aggravation of socio-economic problems of depressed territories under current conditions of increasing regional disparities were determined. The problems of processes of origin, continuation, and termination of territorial depressions are among the most urgent in the economy. Depressed territories are always considered by scholars in close association with developed areas to determine the nature and level of interaction and development patterns. Thus, in examining states' economic growth, scientists are paying attention to depressed territories as a phenomenon that hurts this complex process. Keywords: depression, depressed region, depressed territory, criteria, socio-economic development.

Formation of incentive mechanisms for socio-economic development of regions

Formation of incentive mechanisms for socio-economic development of regions

Spatio-Temporal Coupling Analysis of Differences in Regional Grain–Economy–Population and Water Resources

In the context of climate change and the intensification of population activities, differences in regional water resources are the main drivers leading to these resources’ unbalanced development. This problem can be addressed by exploring spatial differences and spatio-temporal patterns. Based on the spatio-temporal trends of grain production, social economy, population, and water resources in the Tarim River Basin from 2005 to 2020, this paper uses the barycenter model coupling situation model to analyze the evolutionary trend of the barycenter, spatial overlap and spatio-temporal coupling degree for each index. The results show the following: (1) The spatio-temporal distribution of grain production was larger in the east than in the west. Grain production increased by 18.10% across the basin, and the migration rate of the grain center of gravity (CG) was 16.61 km/a. (2) The spatio-temporal distribution of the economy was greater in the south than in the north, with a cumulative migration of 323.10 km to the southwest. During the study period, the population remained concentrated in the western portion of the basin, increasing 25.18% compared to the population prior to 2005. The spatial variation range of total water resources was small, showing a trend of slow increase from west to east. (3) The overlap between GDP and population was enhanced, with the coupling showing a slow rising trend. The overlap of water resources and grain space also increased and the consistency index was high. From 2011 to 2020, the average consistency index was 0.594 and the coupling degree of the two factors was enhanced. By combining grain production, economy, population, and water resources with the center of gravity model, this paper reveals the spatial differences of relevant factors in the Tarim River Basin, providing an important reference value for regional socio-economic development and the rational allocation of water resources.

Vat refund as an indicator of socio-economic development of the region (by the example of the Amur Region)

The article discusses the National Program of socio-economic development of the Far East, special attention is paid to the socio-economic development of the Amur region. The dynamics of the gross regional product and investments in fixed assets in the Amur Region, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole are analyzed. An assessment of the scale and productivity of the development of the regional economy was carried out, trends and prospects for further development of the macroregion were determined. The analysis of value added tax receipts from the Amur region to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation was carried out and the main reasons for the decrease in VAT receipts were determined. The negative dynamics of VAT is associated with a fairly extensive construction activity in the Amur region, since the construction of even relatively small facilities requires the purchase of a significant amount of expensive construction materials and equipment. A significant contribution to the negative dynamics of VAT is made by the activities of gold mining companies in the region, since the extraction of precious metals is subject to a zero VAT rate. A forecast of VAT receipts for the next 5 years has been developed. The factors that can affect the socio-economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District, reduce GRP, reduce investments and financing volumes are identified. It is concluded that the macro-region needs to rely on its own resource potential: practice shows that it is not always possible to count on the financial support of the federal center. The Far Eastern Federal District has its own competitive advantages and a large number of resources for independent socio-economic development.

Assessment of the Impact of Small Business in Industry to Socio-Economic Development of Khorezm Region

In this paper, conducted econometric analysis to estimate role of industry in socio-economic development of Khorezm region is given. Coefficient of elasticity for assessing role of industry on GRP was used. Based on the results, scientific-practical proposals and recommendations were developed to increase role of industry on socio economic development and added value.

Using Machine Learning Methods to Predict Consumer Confidence from Search Engine Data

The consumer confidence index is a leading indicator of regional socioeconomic development. Forecasting research on it helps to grasp the future economic trends and consumption trends of regional development in advance. The data contained on the Internet in the era of big data can truly and timely reflect the current economic trends. This paper constructs a conceptual framework for the relationship between the consumer confidence index and web search keywords. It employed six machine learning and deep learning models: the BP neural network, the convolutional neural network, support vector regression, random forest, the ELMAN neural network, and the extreme learning machine to predict the consumer confidence index. The study shows that the use of machine learning models has a better prediction effect on the consumer confidence index. Compared with other models, the BP neural network and the convolutional neural network have lower error indicators and higher model accuracy, which helps decision-makers forecast the consumer confidence index. Consumers search for various goods and prices, as well as macroeconomics, to understand the economic conditions of the market, which affects the consumer confidence index and consumption decisions. Therefore, web search data can be used to predict consumer confidence. Future research can be extended to other macro indicator-related prediction studies. It is important to promote market consumption and confidence, improve consumption policies, and promote national prosperity.

Inequalities of PM2.5-related health impacts in the complicated regional trade networks

Unplanned regional socioeconomic development contributes to PM2.5 pollution, which severely infringes on human well-being and even lives. Facing the spillover and migration of pollution, the cross-regional issue of environmental health inequalities implied in trade networks requires accurate recognition and research. In this research, a city-level PM2.5-related health impact complex network model (PHCNM) is developed. The Community Detection Algorithm (CDA) and the Stochastic Approach for Weighted Link-Structure Algorithm (SAWLSA) are optimized and applied to deconstruct the structures, hierarchies, and characteristics of PHCNM to assess the interactions of environmental health inequalities across regions and cities. At the urban layer, the empirical results suggest that the top 5 cities (i.e., Chongqing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Beijing, and Tianjin) have premature mortality of more than 25000 people each year, which is about 27% of the total. The demographic surge and PM2.5 pollution deterioration are responsible for the worsening health burden of cities. Chengdu, Suzhou, Shanghai, and Hangzhou are identified as development-driven critical cities; Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Cangzhou, and Handan are recognized as pollution-driven critical cities. Thus, city-specific management and treatment of PM2.5 are possible depending on the characteristics of their environmental health inequalities. While at the regional layer, the urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta (YRD-UA) and Pearl River Delta (PRD-UA) transfer pollution and health threats through commercial interaction among cities, leaving the urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH-UA) and Chengdu-Chongqing (CC-UA) as victims of their environmental and health development. And the regional inequalities index elevates from 0.770 to 0.780, reflecting the easing of regional health inequalities. The research reveals that health inequalities significantly reside in communal or regional boundaries; therefore, the internalities and externalities of communal structures can offer insights into the regionalized and communalized development patterns of urban agglomerations.

Exploring the Relationship between the Eco-Environmental Quality and Urbanization by Utilizing Sentinel and Landsat Data: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin

Yellow River Basin urban agglomeration (YRBU) is the main carrier of regional socio-economic development in the Yellow River Basin, and its eco-environmental quality, urbanization, and coupling coordination degree are facing higher demands. It is of great significance for the development of YRBU to understand the interactive coupling relationship between the eco-environment and urbanization development from the multi-scale perspective. This research intended to understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of eco-environmental quality, urbanization, and coupling coordination degree in the study area from 2013 to 2021. We proposed an Adjusted Remote Sensing Ecological Index (A-RSEI), integrated Sentinel-2A, Landsat 8, and other remote sensing data to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of the study area, from 2013 to 2021. Coupled coordination degree (CCD) model was used to obtain the CCD between eco-environmental quality and urbanization. In addition, spatio-temporal and multi-scale analysis was carried out from the perspectives of urban agglomeration, municipal, county, and pixel scales. Combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis and Tapio decoupling model, the CCD was further explored. The results show that the proposed A-RSEI model is more suitable for monitoring the eco-environmental quality of the Yellow River Basin. The coupling coordination degree of eco-environment and urbanization in most regions of the study area are rising in a relatively green development trend. The multi-scale analysis among eco-environmental quality, urbanization, and CCD can not only indicate the impact of the central city on its surrounding areas but also help to describe the details of CCD combined with the terrain. The comprehensive discrimination of urban agglomeration and county scale is helpful to express the relationship between urbanization and eco-environmental quality centered on a certain city. The results can provide scientific support for eco-environment protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

Scientific and theoretical foundations of socio-economic development of regions

Scientific and theoretical foundations of socio-economic development of regions

Concept of «seamless space» in the management of the regional socio-economic development

Concept of «seamless space» in the management of the regional socio-economic development

The experience of the world and Russia in the formation of regional socio-economic development strategies

The experience of the world and Russia in the formation of regional socio-economic development strategies

Functioning of participatory budgets: current state, modernization trends and modeling in the context of reforming public finances

Introduction. A necessary condition for the reconstruction of Ukraine from the consequences of the destruction caused by the Russian armed aggression, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the formation of a resource-saving inclusive economy on the basis of permanent socio-economic growth is the effective functioning of the public finance management system, the basic element of which is budgeting technologies. Participatory budgeting is their important component, and participatory budget is one of the innovative tools for involving citizens in the distribution and use of budget resources, democratization of the budget process at the local level to stimulate the development of territorial communities and regions.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations and practical approaches to the functioning of participatory budgeting, to identify the main trends in the development of participatory budgeting and to substantiate the directions of its modernization in the context of reforming public finances.Methods. To achieve the goal defined in the study, general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (for the formation of the theoretical foundations of participatory budgeting); functional and statistical analysis, analogy, systematization, formalization, measurement, modeling (to assessthe practice of functioning of budgets) participation); generalization, comparison, optimization, argumentation, logical methods (for developing directions for improving participatory budgeting).Conclusions. A theoretical approach to the disclosure of the essence of participatory budgeting has been formed, an algorithm for its implementation at the level of the territorial community is given and the advantages of functioning of participatory budgets are outlined. The practice of using participatory budgeting in Ukraine at different levels of the budget system is analyzed, a number of problems are identified, among which the most important is the choice of allocation directions, use of participatory budgeting resources and criteria for their optimization, and approaches to their solution are proposed. A scientific approach to optimizing the expenditures of the participatory budgeting using economic and mathematical modeling has been formed.Discussion. The prospects for further research are the need to solve the problems of effective use of budget resources of local self-government bodies in the conditions of war and to find ways to ensure compliance of priority directions of expenditures of participatory budgets with the strategic goals of socio-economic development of territorial communities and regions.

System spatial method for assessing an industrial cluster’s impact on the regional socioeconomic development

System spatial method for assessing an industrial cluster’s impact on the regional socioeconomic development

Spatial pattern and driving factors for interprovincial water use in China: Based on SNA and LMDI

China, the world's largest developing country, faces a severe water shortage. As the government has set a goal of limiting water use to 7000 × 108 m3 by 2035, how to control the increase in water use will be a thorny issue for China. Unbalanced and uncoordinated regional socio-economic development is an important feature of China. Research on the interaction between provincial water use will help to optimize the rational allocation of water resources and control of water use. In this paper, SNA (social network analysis) method is first used to explore the characteristics of social network relationship between inter-provincial water use, construct a two-stage model of SNA–LMDI, and decompose the driving factors of inter-provincial water use evolution. We found the following points. (1) From 2000 to 2018, the spatial correlation network structure of water use is tending to be stable, and the stability and risk resistance of the whole network are enhanced. (2) From different angles to quantify the centricity analysis, can be found that eastern provinces located right in the heart of water network, obviously larger impact on water resources utilization in other provinces, Shanghai and Beijing is located in the former two, and central and western provinces in the edge position. (3) The national water use spatial correlation network can be divided into four blocks, net beneficial block, bidirectional spillover block, brokers block, and net spillover block. (4) Technological progress and industrial structure adjustment were the primary and secondary factors inhibiting the increase of total water use, while income increase was the main factor promoting the increase of total water use, population scale expansion had a weak role in promoting the increase of total water use. Some policy implications are put forward related to our research conclusions.

Sustainable development ratings as a tool for assessing socio-economic transformations in the regions of the Russian Federation

Purpose: of this article is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development by Russian regions based on a combination of basic universal indicators in a given time interval.Methods: the article is based on the use of statistical methods to build a sustainable development rating of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the period 2018–2020, based on three blocks – economic, social and environmental.Results: the authors of the article proposed and applied the universal methodology for compiling a rating of sustainable development of Russian regions within the economic, social and environmental blocks. For each subject of the Federation, the dynamics of the rating for the period under review was calculated and analyzed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the article makes it possible to identify regions-leaders and regions that systematically lag behind in terms of achieving the SDGs, as well as to identify regions that show a steady increase (decrease) in ratings for SDG indicators. The proposed algorithm for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development parameters can be used to identify trends in the development of Russian regions, identify factors and mechanisms that determine the opportunities and conditions for achieving the SDGs by Russian regions, and is an effective tool for regional policy in the field of achieving sustainable development. The results of the study make it possible to develop and improve the system for managing the socio-economic development of Russian regions, develop strategies and guidelines for their development in various time frames, and therefore may be of interest to managers at the federal, regional and municipal levels.