Socio-cultural Components Research Articles

Российский музей детства: к вопросу о разработке научной концепции

Background. Despite a number of large-scale projects focused on the study of childhood, there is an urgent need to preserve modern and historical examples of children culture. Psychological and pedagogical ideas on the age speciZcs ofchild development, elaborated within the framework of cultural-historical approach, serve as a solid foundation for the Russian Museum of Childhood. Objective. [e aim of the article is to present an outline of possible activities and scientiZc approaches to the development of the Russian Museum of Childhood. Methods. [e available data on the activities of Childhood Museums in Russia and abroad are profoundly analysed. Results. [e study of the experience in creating museums devoted to the culture of childhood has shown that children’s toys constitute the dominant feature of collections. At the same time, practically no museums represent various aspects of the social situation of a child’s development nor re\ect they the peculiarities of child’s daily and cultural life. [e idea of preservation and exhibition of cultural samples of children’s life forms the basis for investigating possible directions of scientiZc and practical work of the Russian Museum of Childhood. It is suggested to assemble thematic museum collections re\ecting the socio-cultural components of children at di]erent ages in di]erent historical periods. [e museum’s target audience includes children, parents, and teachers. In addition to exhibition and excursion activities, the museum is supposed to serve as a place of children’s leisure and creativity, a space of communication and education for parents and teachers. ScientiZc life of the Russian Museum of Childhood will be based on deep research into the history of toys and play traditions as well as the history of childhood in an interdisciplinary context. Both, the contemporary culture of childhood, and the historical aspect of psychological and pedagogical research on childhood will be analysed. Conclusion. Creation of such a cultural space will contribute to the preservation and maintenance of intergenerational relationships and continuity in the family. It will also promote educational culture of parents and professional development of teachers. Conducting scientiZc research in the Russian Museum of Childhood will make it possible to develop science-intensive and culture-intensive innovative psychological and educational projects.

Traditional marketing modification in experience economy as a modern concept of sales management in service market

Today we witness a continuous "human and his needs complication" associated with the scientific and technological process, changes in the sociocultural component of society, the development of market economy, etc. Various factors that affect society development have caused a qualitative change in the structure of human needs. With the intensive growth of supply in the market of goods and services, organisations face increased competition in various sectors of the economy. This raises a research question related to the identification of new approaches to the development of enterprise competitiveness and better satisfaction of human needs through the prism of impression marketing. The main objective of this study is to determine the vectors of application of tools and methods of impression marketing in business and their ways to assess their effectiveness. For this purpose, within the framework of the theoretical component, an analysis of conceptual and empirical articles contained in the Scopus database, Web of Science, as well as relevant information obtained through the study of articles by Russian academics in specialised journals, monographs, and conference abstracts is made. The scientific results obtained in the course of the research allow an increment of knowledge on the issue of application of tools and methods of impression marketing in sales management in the service market. The application of the research results in organisations selling services will allow to change the concept of promotion and implementation of services through the prism of impression marketing, taking into account consumer experience and identifying the most effective points of contact of consumers.

Determination of synergic interaction possibilities and construction of a strategic development map of the "industrial enterprise - united territorial community" system in the context of the germinative vectors of development implementation

The main goals of germinal development, which must be achieved by 2030 and become the basis for further transformations in Ukraine based on new guidelines, programs and projects are described in the article. It is determined that the context of germinal development, both of a territorial community and an industrial enterprise, is built on the involved and high-quality use of financial resources, the provision of innovative development, socio-cultural and ecological components. It is revealed that the goal of germinal development in the context of decentralization is to create a synergistic interaction that promotes the development of industrial enterprises through coordinated actions of the management apparatus of united territorial communities. At the same time, the emphasis is put on the development of the territorial community itself by stimulating financial activity, production and economic processes, increasing the socio-cultural component and preserving the environment. The key current problems in the context of the synergy "industrial enterprise – united territorial community" are emphasized and the reasons for these problems are highlighted. It is stated that the formation of programs for the preservation and reproduction of the environment, ensuring energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources in the activities of both the industrial enterprise and the united territorial community are also important aspects. The proposed mechanism, which is presented in the form of interconnected stages, which make it possible to ensure synergistic interaction between an industrial enterprise and a united territorial community to ensure sustainable development. This mechanism provides for a cycle of consecutive actions, starting with the definition of the purpose and strategic goals of synergistic interaction in the aspect of germinal development to the construction of a strategic map of the development of the united territorial community in cooperation with an industrial enterprise.

СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ СВЕТСКИХ И ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ АСПЕКТОВ НАРОДНОГО ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА

The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-cultural activi-ties of the Russian public and the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) in the field of public education in the Russian Empire in 1890-1917. The author considers popular education in the context of knowledge and education extension among the Russian population. The activities of secular and Orthodox periodicals, popular publishing houses are given. The libraries of primary schools, primarily parish and rural schools, as well as monastic book and manuscript collections are studied. The author proves that the public, local self-government bodies and the Russian Orthodox Church are the main actors of public educa-tion. Special attention is paid to the Yaroslavl Diocese, as one of the typical ones in the Russian Orthodox Church, and its contribution to the socio-cultural component of public educa-tion in Volga Region. A quantitative and meaningful analysis of the socio-cultural activities of the Yaroslavl Diocese in the field of librarianship and the development of the Central Library is given. As a result, the author concludes that at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Russian society, secular and spiritual persons made great efforts to spread knowledge and education among the population of the Em-pire through the development of publishing and library busi-ness, central schools and zemstvo schools, secular and Orthodox periodicals, cinematography and public readings. (The study is funded by the grant No. 22-28-01231 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01231/).

“Dances of employees” as a phenomenon of media urban discourse in chinese cities

Modern linguistics is looking for new approaches to developing issues of urban space practices. Particular attention is paid to the semiotics of space and the potential for the representation of cultural meanings in nonverbal communication, nonverbal behavior of residents of urban space, and the representation of culture in the movement of the urban environment. This article examines the features of dance as an element of the urban media discourse of a Chinese city. The modern movement of media urban studies treats the city as a complex communication system, as a “text” in the broadest sense of the word, and media urban discourse finds its implementation in various forms, from verbal to olfactory. Therefore, to study the sociocultural component of the urban environment, as well as to analyze communication strategies with the addressee (local resident or city guest), it seems possible to consider the city as a combination of words, images, sounds, smells and movements. In our study, we aim to consider dance as a unique communicative pattern of the Chinese city, since in no other culture is dance in an urban environment represented by such a significant number of dance practices. According to the study, dance is a transformative phenomenon that visualizes culture and modern communications. For the first time, an analysis of such a phenomenon of a Chinese city as employee dances (员工在门前跳舞) is carried out. The results of the study show that the culture of dance, being a unique layer of the national culture of China, has been modified over the centuries, and its importance has increased. Dance is seen as a way to achieve harmony with one's body, with society and the сolleagues. Moreover, against the backdrop of the development of a technogenic society and the creation of an urbanized environment, dances in China are becoming transmitters of national, social, and corporate values.

Role of Human Resource in Quality Enhancement of Tourism Service in Pokhara

The Nepal Tourism Policy 2009 recognizes tourism as a key driver for the country and economic growth by creating job opportunities and producing foreign reserves. Tourism policy has been developed to promote the growth and extension of tourism activities, the quality improvement of tourism services, the increase of income, and the expansion of job possibilities in order to enhance Nepalese people living standards. Quality reflects several elements of tourism, such as physical, natural, and environmental. It also focuses on quality tourism; however, officials and tourist operators are divided on the subject. Tourism in Pokhara is increasingly transitioning to mass tourism. As a result, it appears that the moment has come to incorporate quality tourism concepts in the sector. The ecological, economic, and socio-cultural components of tourist development, as well as an appropriate balance between these three dimensions, are referred to as sustainability principles. It also aims to increase the quality of infrastructure and human resources. Role of human resources are always vital ensuring quality assurance. Hence it is the time to address the importance of human resource enhancing quality in the industry. This is a historical study based on qualitative research method. In this study, descriptive and analytical methods were used to investigate the importance of examining and analyzing the challenges faced by the tourism industry in terms of quality, human resources in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the Nepalese tourism industry. This article focuses mostly on the quality of tourism through human resources. Tourist satisfaction is determined by their actions and attitudes, which is a source of worry in the Nepalese tourism business, particularly in Pokhara.

Music at Ukrainian Academic Music Festivals at the Turn of ХХ–ХХІ Centuries

The purpose of the article is to consider the Orthodox church music as a part of Ukrainian festivals of academic music at the end of the ХХth – the beginning of the ХХІst century. Research methodology. To achieve the goals of the research, the authors have used historical and cultural approaches. The systemic method has been used to characterise musical festivals in their relation to other components of culture. Sociocultural method enabled studying sociocultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to comprehensively analyse the Orthodox church music as a constituent of the most prestigious Ukrainian music festivals at the end of the ХХth – the beginning of the ХХІst century. Conclusions. Church music is an essential part at the end of the ХХth – the beginning of the ХХІst century. Ukrainian academic music festivals. During the festivals, the audience may feel music-historical singing range and wide stylistic contrasts, in particular a combination of traditions and innovations. The authors state that academic music festivals not only perform important social functions, presentation and popularization of church music by contemporary Ukrainian composers, but also play an important role in revival and conservation of Ukrainian cultural heritage. Key words: festivals, Orthodox church music, Ukrainian music art at the turn of ХХ–ХХІth centuries

SEARCH FOR GLOBAL JUSTICE IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY (PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION)

The potential of social philosophy as an explanatory tool for the processes of searching for global justice is considered. It was determined that the study of global justice provides not only a conceptual framework for understanding local issues of justice, but also enables a successful practical solution to these issues, since global justice in modern society becomes more effective than local justice. An example of this can be the support of Ukraine by the world's leading democracies in its opposition to the armed aggression of the russian federation, which dominates Ukraine in terms of economic, military and informational resources. The multiculturalism of modern societies is considered as a result of the intensification of international social communication. An essential relationship between the institutional and sociocultural components of social communication has been revealed: sociocultural changes acquire their institutional consolidation, and are also often the result of institutional transformations. Global justice is considered not only as an activity in accordance with certain social norms, but also as an affirmation of certain social values. The subject of global justice can be considered an unlimited communicative community, but such an approach requires taking into account a number of theoretical and practical caveats. Specific forms of universalization of social values are considered as those that are achieved due to the procedure of generalization of particular values of local social communities. As an example of such generalization, the task of forming national identity is considered. The formation of each social community is proposed to be analyzed in the unity of the processes of horizontal and vertical social integration.

‘Growing from an acorn to an oak tree’: a thematic analysis of international students’ cross-cultural adjustment in the United States

ABSTRACT Embarking on an educational journey overseas can be a rewarding, yet stressful experience for many international students. The transition to their new university life, which is not always well understood and supported by host institutions, is often accompanied by unique difficulties and challenges resulting from unfamiliarity with a new academic environment, social and cultural differences, and language barriers. This study examines the cross-cultural transition experiences of international students enrolled at a mid-sized university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States (U.S.). Using qualitative methods, we collected and analyzed data from reflection essays written by 378 international students between 2013 and 2020. This yielded experiential themes surrounding cross-cultural adaptation, adjustment, and acculturation to new local norms and values while studying in the U.S., including during an unwelcoming political climate and a global health pandemic. Drawing on Ward and Kennedy's (1999) model of sociocultural adjustment, we found that the experiences of international students were often characterized by distinctive psychological and sociocultural components. We contextualized the diverse student perspectives and relied on student voices to guide implications and offer recommendations to university staff and administrators with a goal to strengthen support services, enhance experiences, and ensure the well-being and success of this community. To our knowledge, this study represents the first time that a large data set of narratives, through reflection essays, has been analyzed to better understand the cross-cultural encounters of international students, both inside and outside of the classroom.

Towards integrated fire management in Mexico’s Megalopolis region: a diagnosis

Between 2011 and 2020, there were an average of 3,184 wildfires per year in the Megalopolis region around Mexico City (see Figure 1). This comprised more than 40% of all the reported fires in the country. This article incorporates a sociocultural component to understand and analyze cultural knowledge of the use of fire in the región, where many rural communities consider the use of fire to be indispensable. The arises from their view of fire as elemental in their way of life, and as an intergenerational legacy that is represented in social practices and productive processes.

Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone for genitourinary symptoms of the menopause: Is the evidence sufficient?

Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a locally metabolised estrogen and androgen precursor, licensed in 2018 in the EU for moderate to severe vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. A literature search revealed four original trials suitable for appraisal, three evaluating change in dyspareunia or dryness as a primary outcome, one evaluated safety as a primary outcome. In two trials of 255 and 558 women without cancer, the benefit of placebo (nightly vaginal suppositories with a lipophilic base) was a 0.9 and 1 point reduction in dyspareunia as measured on a 3 point scale, an unvalidated outcome measure. With nightly DHEA, dyspareunia was reduced by an additional 0.4 points compared to placebo. When 464 women with gynaecological cancer were randomised, those using nightly plain moisturiser gel reported a reduction of 'most bothersome symptom' (either dyspareunia or dryness) of 1.5 points on a 3 point scale. Those using nightly DHEA reported an additional symptom reduction of 0.3 points. This is also an unvalidated outcome measure. Data evaluating the efficacy of DHEA over placebo is unconvincing and based on unvalidated primary outcome measures that also do not reflect the complex psycho-sexual and socio-cultural components of genitourinary menopausal symptoms. The efficacy and safety data excluded women taking systemic HRT, applies to postmenopausal, not perimenopausal, women and had relatively short follow up. It is important further independent trials use sophisticated and validated assessment tools to better establish the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of intravaginal DHEA in clinically representative groups of women before being routinely prescribed.

Quantifying relational nouns in corpora

While relational nouns (cousin) are traditionally delineated in a binary and theory-dependent manner, this article approximates relationality as a continuous, objective corpus metric (Percent Possessive) – allowing for lexicon-wide exploration of which nouns are more or less relational and why. Comparing across nouns and accounting for the ontological class of the noun's referent (focusing on nouns denoting artifacts, natural kinds, occupations, humans and locations), I find that Percent Possessive is positively correlated with a noun's per-million-word frequency. Comparing across different web communities, I find that a noun is more frequent, and shows a greater ratio of definite to indefinite tokens, in the community where its Percent Possessive is significantly higher. I take these findings to be consistent with the claim that a noun is more easily interpreted as relational (as measured by Percent Possessive) when human interaction with its referent is more conventional (as measured by its frequency and definite-to-indefinite ratio). Inspired by the many authors who have suggested a socio-cultural component to relationality and possession, this article explores at scale in English how nouns reflect the conventions of the people who use them.

From Polanyi to policy: A tool for measuring embeddedness and designing sustainable agricultural policies

Agricultural systems are deeply enmeshed in complex social processes and institutions, something Polanyi called embeddedness. Designing policy for sustainable agricultural activity requires understanding and measuring such embeddedness. Due to the difficulty of measuring complex social dynamics, however, most policy is aimed at measurable metrics such as price and production. The focus on these metrics imports the rational actor conceptualization of economic activity and fails to incorporate the values, motivations, and socio-cultural components of agricultural decision-making. This paper develops a tool for measuring embeddedness called the Embeddedness Type Matrix (ETM). The tool utilizes survey responses to elucidate economic actors' instrumentalism (decisions motivated by self-interest) and marketness (decisions motivated by market factors). Instrumentalism and marketness are considered together along perpendicular axes to determine the embeddedness quadrant of economic actors. The ETM allows researchers and policy-makers to better understand producers and consumers and design sustainability policies that are aligned with their values and motivations.

Implications of overlooked drivers in Ethiopia's urbanization: curbing the curse of spontaneous urban development for future emerging towns

In Ethiopia, urban areas are defined basically as places having a minimum population of 2,000. The current coverage of urban areas in the country is less than 20%, and even the majorities are small towns that account more than 85% of the urbanized areas in the country. However, urbanization in the country is increasing rapidly, at a rate of 4.63% annually. Spatially, the highest urbanization ratios occur in small towns surrounding the Ethiopia's capital city, Addis Ababa. Still, the recently urbanized areas are characterized as shanty, slum and spontaneous. On the other hand, the current rate of urbanization in the country indicates that there will be more urbanized areas in the future, which need better urban planning and management. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the key drivers of the development of Ethiopia's urbanization, and to identify the management gaps that could help to predict future urbanization hotspots and trends from their early stages. Methodologically, both primary and secondary data sources were systematically applied: current urban planning and related documents, as well as land-use plans, and furthermore, high resolution historical satellite imageries of 2005, 2008 and 2018 from Google Earth Pro were analyzed. Complementary, and for validation purposes interviews and focus group discussions with experts were carried out between 2018–2021, together with on-site investigation. The results show that the drivers for the emergence of spontaneous urban development in Ethiopia relate primarily to socio-cultural components, such as in the case of worshiping places, local markets, educational and administrative centers. Physical infrastructure, such as roads played also a significant but subordinate role in the intensification of such developments. Our results demonstrate how an ineffective management of these factors has contributed to a dysfunctional urban growth. Finally, a green field level proactive planning approach is proposed and commented.

СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ В СОДЕРЖАНИИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ: АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ И КРИТЕРИИ ЕГО ВЫБОРА

The article mainly deals with the study of the content of the socio-cultural component of American English to students and the study of its selection criteria. There are various cultural difficulties in learning American English. It would be wise to mention here, it is necessary to master the language and culture in this area and to study it extensively. It becomes obvious that special attention should be paid to the selection criteria of the socio-cultural component in the study of American English. Am matter of a fact, the study of selection criteria is as important as the process of teaching a foreign language in parallel with the teaching of culture. Therefore, learning a foreign language cannot be considered completely successful without conducting it in parallel with mastering the relevant culture. In this regard, the article is concerned with the selection criteria for the American English language based on the analysis of the views of leading foreign language researchers.

Exploring tourist’s socio-cultural aversions, self-congruity bias, attitudes and willingness to participate in indigenous tourism

Empirical studies of tourist socio-cultural aversions and their influence on tourist consumption are limited. A socio-cultural aversion describes the avoidance associated with an ingrained dislike for, and distancing from something representative of a specific social or cultural group's identity, and can be implicit or explicit, aggressive or passive. This study explores socio-cultural aversions in the context of Indigenous tourism. The study reveals that while xenophobia and racism can predict the attitudes of both domestic and international tourists towards Indigenous tourism, this does not necessarily result in a non-willingness to participate. However, regarding self-congruity bias, the less participants relate to or identify with Indigenous tourism, the less likely they are willing to participate. This has implications for the appeal and marketing of tourism products, especially those underpinned by socio-cultural components such as Indigenous tourism. The study proposes marketing and product development solutions for destination marketers and tourism operators seeking to enhance appeal for Indigenous tourism experiences.

Technological Support for the Cultural Training System for Students at Technical Universities

The paper studies the trends of higher technical education development and establishes the relationship between education and culture as one of the conditions for solving the problems of modern society. The authors determine that one of the main problems that hinder the formation of the culture of the future engineer is the lack of a reasonable selection of cultural elements. The presence of such elements ensures the full development of the specialist. The most generalized socio-cultural components of culture are (1) the sphere of material production, (2) the cultural sphere, and (3) the sphere of communication. The authors determine the components of the culturological training content as the implementation of the support system of the integrated professional, universal cultural, and moral cultural development of technical university students. It is experimentally proved that the implementation of a cultural training system of a future engineer leads to statistically significant changes in the levels of knowledge acquisition, the formation of skills and qualities of a future specialist.

Optimization of the use of online learning resources for the development of students’ communicative competence

Introduction. The forced switching of universities to distance learning required a change in approaches, technologies and teaching methods. Learning a foreign language is impossible without the practice of oral communication: for the most part, it is in the process of it that the development of communicative competence takes place. We tried not only to bring the new-format learning closer to learning in the traditional format, but also, to a certain extent, to expand the educational potential for the formation of communicative competence through the maximum possible involvement of online learning resources and a well-designed methodological organization. The purpose of the article: to describe the pedagogical technology of the optimal use of online learning resources for the development of students' communicative competence, to evaluate its effectiveness. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was a competence-based approach to teaching a foreign language. The work in the experimental group of students of Tula State University, studying in the section of Linguistics, was aimed at the optimal use of online learning resources for the development of students' communicative competence in its four components: language, speech, socio-cultural, motivational-reflexive. In the process of the study, methods of theoretical knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as methods of empirical knowledge: questioning, interviewing, the method of pedagogical observation, the method of expert evaluation, the method of mathematical data processing. Results of the study. At the end of the work carried out in the experimental group, an increase in the indicators of the formation of the components of communicative competence was recorded: in regard to the language component t-statistic = 8.3 (p < 0,001), the speech component t-statistic = 6.7 (p < 0,001), the socio-cultural component t-statistic = 5.4 (p < 0,001). Discussion and conclusion. The efficiency of the technology was proven through comparative diagnostics of the formation of the components of communicative competence among students before the start of the experimental work and at the end of it. In the distance format, there are opportunities for the effective implementation of the didactic principles of individualization, differentiation of learning. There are sources for increasing of students’ motivation to learn a foreign language, for activating their cognitive interest and developing skills of self-control, self-correction.

Vers quel modèle de traduction-terminologie en langues nationales à l’aune d’une éducation bi- plurilingue au Cameroun ?

Towards what model of translation-terminology in national languages in the light of bi-plurilingual education in Cameroon?
 Cameroon, a country characterised by obvious linguistic diversity, recognises the importance of education that is rooted in the culture of the pupils and develops professional or self-employment skills through bi-lingual education. However, the national languages of Cameroon do not have sufficiently elaborate metalanguages to fully convey all the knowledge related to school subjects such as grammar, arithmetic, geometry, etc. They therefore need to be developed and adapted to the needs of the students. They need to be equipped with adequate terminologies to meet the challenge of bi-plurilingual teaching (official languages and national languages), because the production of bi-plurilingual (Cameroonian languages and official languages: French and English) teaching manuals and metalinguistic tools (lexicons, dictionaries, etc.), among others, implies an intense activity of translation-terminology to express certain teaching contents. However, no standard theoretical-practical model has been adopted for translation- terminology involving these languages. This activity thus seems to be left to improvisation. Focusing on recent work in two terminology committees in Cameroon (the ELAN- Afrique committee and the one set up by the IFADEM-RETHE team in Cameroon in 2016), this article outlines some of the salient linguistic problems encountered in translation-terminology activities related to the elaboration of lexicons in national languages, in the perspective of bi-lingual education. These include problems relating to the order of priority in the choice of naming procedures, compliance with the rules of adaptation of borrowings, the length of lexicalised expressions, and the rate of translation of terms. With regard to the choice of naming procedures, certain notions were difficult to agree on and were sometimes the source of lengthy debates within the translation-terminology groups. For example, in view of the high level of abstraction of certain concepts, some members of the terminology committees proposed borrowing as a first recourse, while others, with a purist tendency, considered that procedures employing the internal resources of the target language should be preferred to borrowing, without taking into account the length of the lexemes that would be derived from them. As far as compliance with the rules of adaptation of borrowings is concerned, several terms are not morpho-phonologically adapted, contrary to what is recommended by the cultural approaches. Moreover, several graphemes and consonantal sequences not attested in the alphabet or in the morphophonology of certain languages have been disgracefully taken into account in lexicons. Furthermore, as regards the length of lexicalised expressions, several terms have been translated into excessively long syntagms, or even sentences, whereas several procedures could have allowed their lexicalisation in compliance with the principle of brevity dear to terminology. Finally, some terms, due to their high level of abstraction or technicality, remained untranslated. In addition, the study proposes some theoretical-practical issues in the perspective of a model of translation-terminology of school contents from the official languages into the national languages of Cameroon, by laying the groundwork for an extensive socio-cultural terminological approach that would not only preserve the identity needs of each local community (hence the socio-cultural component of the model), but would also take into account the linguistic and cultural diversity of Cameroon characterised by the other idioms that evolve in this territory with the cultures they convey (hence the extensive character of the model). It is a non-essentialist model in its socio-cultural dimension, which promotes the multidialectal and multilingual character of the territory in translation-terminology activities by encouraging and highlighting the lexical variations that could arise from the different linguistic variants within a single language, as well as the calques and borrowings between Cameroonian languages; this with a view to increasing the possibilities of terminological development.

Mountain Witches: Yamauba

Mountain Witches: Yamauba