Societal Variables Research Articles

استحداث صياغات تصميمية للعملة التذکارية المصرية في ضوء الأحـداث التاريخية والمتغيرات المجتمعية Innovate Formulation Designs for Egyptian commemorative coin In view of The historical Incidents and Societal variables

ملخص البحث: العملات النقدية لأي دولة رمزا من رموز السيادة الوطنية من ناحية کما أنها تعد سجلا تاريخيا من ناحية أخرى فهي خير معبر عن ما مرت به البلاد من تغيرات إيديولوجية وتکنولوجيه ، فالنقود تشبه المرآة التي تعکس کل نواحي الحياة في الفترة الزمنية التي ضربت فيها کالناحية السياسية و الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والدينية والأدبية و الفنية . ومن خلال العرض السابق يرى الباحث الأحداث التاريخية والمتغيرات المجتمعية التي تمر على البلاد تلزم رصدها فنيا من خلال منظومة تشکيلية مستحدثة للصياغات التصميمية تکسر القوالب الجامدة في تصميم العملات التذکارية. وعلي هذا يرى الباحث أن موضوع البحث جاء ليعالج قلة الأبحاث والدراسات في هذا الموضوع وخاصة في مجال التصميم حيث يعتبر منطلقا تشکيليا يمکن من خلاله تکوين صياغات جمالية جديدة للعملة التذکارية المصرية. وقد اعتمدت على إجراء تطبيقات ذاتية مستحدثة في تصميم العملات التذکارية توصلت بها إلى حلول تشکيلية وصياغات تصميمية مبتکرة في تصميم العملات التذکارية المصرية باستخدام أحدث تقنيات التصميم الالکتروني بواسطة برامج الجرافيک الحديثة . Summary of the research in English : The currency of any country is a symbol of national sovereignty on the one hand and it is a historical record on the other hand is a good expression of the country's ideological and technological changes, the money is like a mirror that reflects all aspects of life in the period of time hit in terms of political and economic Social, religious, literary and artistic. Through the previous presentation, the researcher sees the historical events and the societal variables that pass through the country, which are required to be technically monitored through a modern computerized system of design formulations that break the stereotypes in the design of commemorative coins. The researcher finds that the subject of the research came to address the lack of research and studies on this subject, especially in the field of design, which is a starting point for the formation of new aesthetic formulations of the Egyptian commemorative coin. It was based on self-developed self-development in the design of commemorative coins, which reached creative solutions and creative design formulas in the design of Egyptian commemorative coins using the latest electronic design techniques through modern graphics programs.

Psychosocial and Economic Variables as Correlates of Adults’ Participation into Sandwich Educational Programs in Osun State, Nigeria

The paper examined psychosocial and economic variables as correlates of adult learners’ participation in sandwich educational programs in Osun State, Nigeria. In light of this, three research objectives and questions were formulated while two research hypotheses were enumerated. The descriptive research design was adopted and a simple percentage, as well as independent t-test, was used for data analysis. One-hundred and eight (108) participants were selected from both degree and postgraduate segments of the National Teachers Institute (NTI) programs situated in Ikire of Irewole Local Government Area of Osun State with the aid of stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument tagged Psychosocial and Economic Variables Questionnaire (PEVQ) was employed to elicit prominent information from the participants. The findings revealed that psychological, societal and economic variables contributed to adult learners’ decision-making process not only to participate into sandwich educational programs but also to persist in the programs till the completion stage. And that there is no significant difference in the extent to which psychological and economic variables influence adult learners to participate in sandwich educational programs on the basis of their gender traits. On the societal variables, it showed that there is a significant difference in the role societal variables played on the basis of gender. Besides, it indicated that there is no significant different in the extent to which psychological, societal and economic variables influence adult participation into educational programs on the basis of employment status. Recommendations including the application of the participatory approach, employment of andragogy principles and provision of financial aid for participants of sandwich educational programs among others were suggested.

Regional paleoclimates and local consequences: Integrating GIS analysis of diachronic settlement patterns and process-based agroecosystem modeling of potential agricultural productivity in Provence (France).

Holocene climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin is often cited as a potential driver of societal change, but the mechanisms of this putative influence are generally little explored. In this paper we integrate two tools–agro-ecosystem modeling of potential agricultural yields and spatial analysis of archaeological settlement pattern data–in order to examine the human consequences of past climatic changes. Focusing on a case study in Provence (France), we adapt an agro-ecosystem model to the modeling of potential agricultural productivity during the Holocene. Calibrating this model for past crops and agricultural practices and using a downscaling approach to produce high spatiotemporal resolution paleoclimate data from a Mediterranean Holocene climate reconstruction, we estimate realistic potential agricultural yields under past climatic conditions. These serve as the basis for spatial analysis of archaeological settlement patterns, in which we examine the changing relationship over time between agricultural productivity and settlement location. Using potential agricultural productivity (PAgP) as a measure of the human consequences of climate changes, we focus on the relative magnitudes of 1) climate-driven shifts in PAgP and 2) the potential increases in productivity realizable through agricultural intensification. Together these offer a means of assessing the scale and mechanisms of the vulnerability and resilience of Holocene inhabitants of Provence to climate change. Our results suggest that settlement patterns were closely tied to PAgP throughout most of the Holocene, with the notable exception of the period from the Middle Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. This pattern does not appear to be linked to any climatically-driven changes in PAgP, and conversely the most salient changes in PAgP during the Holocene cannot be clearly linked to any changes in settlement pattern. We argue that this constitutes evidence that vulnerability and resilience to climate change are strongly dependent on societal variables.

Taxonomía de los Homicidios de Mujeres en las Relaciones de Pareja

Intimate partner violence prevention is a challenge that has received wide international interest. Homicide is the most serious result of this type of violence, although its prevalence is low and its etiology is complex. This paper briefly reviews the description of the problem from a gender perspective and the existence of asymmetry, the perspective of violence and its description of differential risk factors, and the ecological model that connects personal, contextual, and societal variables, presenting a more integrative proposal. Studies analyzing and comparing homicide profiles are described, as well as the state of the art regarding risk assessment, with special attention to the implications for the Spanish context. Finally, due to its relevance, the existence of typologies of homicides as well as profiles closer to suicidal patterns are discussed (in dyadic homicides and familicides). The available information highlights the need to expand the study of intimate partner homicides and the difficulty of anticipating many of these cases.

Omics research ethics considerations

BackgroundPending revisions to the Common Rule include topics consistent with respect for persons, justice, and beneficence for research subjects in studies using omics technologies and are relevant to omics research. PurposeSynthesize trends in bioethics, precision health, and omics nursing science for novice and experienced nursing scholars from which to consider bioethics questions. MethodsReview topics addressed in the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) strategic plan, Common Rule pending revisions, and publications regarding human subjects protection policies. DiscussionOmics research involves decisions regarding understandable informed consent, broad consent, data sharing, trust, equal benefit, equal access, societal variables, privacy, data security, and return of findings to participants. ConclusionPrinciples of respect for persons, justice, and beneficence as articulated in the Belmont report and reflected in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics provide guidance for human subjects protection procedures to advance omics and nursing science.

تصور مقترح لتفعيل المشارکة المجتمعية في التعليم قبل الجامعي في مصر

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلي التعرف علي واقع المشارکة المجتمعية في التعليم الثانوي العام، وکذلک التعرف علي أهم التغيرات المجتمعيه المعاصرة علي التعليم الثانوي العام ، بالإضافه الي أهم معوقات المشارکه المجتمعية بتلک الصلة ،ووضع تصور مقترح لتفعيل دور المشارکة المجتمعية في دعم التعليم الثانوي ،واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي ،وتم استخدام الأستبانه من إعداد الباحثه کإداه للدراسة ،وبلغت عينة الدراسه (800) من المدرين و المعلمين بمدارس التعليم الثانوي العام بمحافظة أسيوط. وتوصلت الدراسة إلي مجموعة من النتائج من اهمها، ضعف ثقافة العمل الأجتماعي وعدم وضوح رساله التعليم الثانوي عند معظم القيادات المجتمعية والمؤسسات الأقتصادية وانخفاض المردود من المشارکة مقارنة بتکلفتها. The current study aimed at ;recognizing the reality of societal participation at general secondary education ,and recognizing the mest recent societal variables that face the general secondary education. The study also aimed at presenting the obstacles of societal participation at this stage and setting a suggested proposal to activate the role of societal participation in supporting general secordary education. The perspective method was used as the study mebhod. The researcher prepared a questionnaire as a sbudy tool. It was applied on a sample of managers and teachers. whose number was (800) at general secondary schools in Assiut governorate. The study came down to most important findings ,which are represented in ; the weakness of social work culture , the unclear missin of general secondary education for many social leaderships and the lack of out came from the societal participation in comparisen of its cost .

Role of Islamic Finance Development to Financial Inclusion: Empirical Study in Islamic Banking Countries

The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of regional financial inclusion in OIC countries which operate Islamic Banking and the link between financial inclusion and Islamic finance development. This is the first study of that investigate the role if Islamic finance to financial inclusion which include Islamic financial development and societal variables as independent variables. Panel data regression has been used to estimate the relationship between Islamic finance development and financial inclusion. EGLS, Estimated Generalize Least Square, is being used to reduce the autocorrelation among residual due to cross-sectional effect. Using Sharma Financial Inclusion Index, this study finds that the average Financial Inclusion Index is 22.2 with the highest index is 62.6 and the lowest index is 2.1. Based on panel data regression, this study finds that macro-economic factors, level of employment and GDP per capita, have the most significant influences on financial inclusion in Islamic banking countries. Other non-economic societal factors such as information technological advancement and corruption level do not significant influence on financial inclusion.Keywords --Panel regression, Financial Inclusion, Islamic Financial Development

Exploring the Causes of the Low Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Western Asia

Anecdotal epidemiologic observations can provide valuable tools to study various biologic elements in complex diseases such as cancer. Although cervical cancer is one of the most frequent malignancy affecting women in the world, it displays wide geographical variations remnant of socioeconomic, ethnic and genetic predisposing factors. The observed low incidence of cervical cancer in western Asia has triggered scientists to try to delineate the causes of this reduced occurrence. Although this region including Saudi Arabia is known for being conservative societies with low incidence of sexually transmitted infections including human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated cervical cancer, scientific research points out multifaceted biological explanations including host genetic variations. Researchers observed that a protective genetic variant TP53 codon 72 proline allele was more commonly found in this population and appear to be over-transmitted compared to others known for their high rate of cervical cancer. Thus, the combination of relative low rate of HPV infection, over-transmission of protective genetic variant along with societal variables are the rationale behind the low incidence of cervical cancer in women in the region of western Asia. The influence of the genetic makeup of the patients has impact on personalized preventive medicine to gauge the risk of developing cervical cancer.

The Impact of Terrorism-induced Fear on Job Attitudes and Absenteeism Following a National Traumatic Event: Evidence from Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of terrorism-induced fear on employee job attitudes and absenteeism in the weeks following the Army Public School attack in Peshawar, Pakistan. The paper is based on questionnaire data collected from 204 faculty members of public sector universities in Peshawar using snowball sampling technique. We applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the entire impact path and found substantial support for our hypotheses. The results suggest that fear of terrorism affects absenteeism directly, as well as indirectly via job attitudes. Further, perceived organizational support is found to attenuate the negative relationship between fear of terrorism and job attitudes. Very few studies have examined the impact of societal variables such as national traumatic events on jobrelated outcomes.

Clusters of community exposure to coastal flooding hazards based on storm and sea level rise scenarios—implications for adaptation networks in the San Francisco Bay region

Sea level is projected to rise over the coming decades, further increasing the extent of flooding hazards in coastal communities. Efforts to address potential impacts from climate-driven coastal hazards have called for collaboration among communities to strengthen the application of best practices. However, communities currently lack practical tools for identifying potential partner communities based on similar hazard exposure characteristics. This study uses statistical cluster analysis to identify similarities in community exposure to flooding hazards for a suite of sea level rise and storm scenarios. We demonstrate this approach using 63 jurisdictions in the San Francisco Bay region of California (USA) and compare 21 distinct exposure variables related to residents, employees, and structures for six hazard scenario combinations of sea level rise and storms. Results indicate that cluster analysis can provide an effective mechanism for identifying community groupings. Cluster compositions changed based on the selected societal variables and sea level rise scenarios, suggesting that a community could participate in multiple networks to target specific issues or policy interventions. The proposed clustering approach can serve as a data-driven foundation to help communities identify other communities with similar adaptation challenges and to enhance regional efforts that aim to facilitate adaptation planning and investment prioritization.

Organizational and Ideological Strategies for Nationalization: Evidence from European Parties

How does a party’s organizational structure affect its chances of becoming a national party? While existing explanations of party nationalization focus on country-level institutional and societal variables, we argue that aspects of party organization such as the degree of centralization of authority, ideological unity and leadership factionalism also matter. By bringing the analysis to the party level, this article provides a multilevel analysis of institutional and party organization variables and disentangles the effect of each set of influences. We use original data on party organization and party nationalization for 142 parties across twenty European countries. This research contributes to the literature on nationalization and party development by advancing organizational strategies which parties could adopt in different social and institutional environments.

In search of determinants for quoted housing rents: Empirical evidence from major German cities

Housing policy made a comeback on the German political agenda. Apartment rental prices increased drastically in most major cities over the last years. Despite wide agreement by policymakers regarding the need for regulation of the housing market, there is close to no empirical evidence on the drivers of rent prices. We follow a comparative, quantitative approach to determine the driving factors of rent prices in German cities, taking economic, societal and political variables into account and using time-series analysis. Our results show that the share of students and the local mean income account for differences in quoted rent prices.

Personal and interpersonal factors with the inclination to relapse

This study aims to identify a relationship between the personal factor of coping; the interpersonal factors of familial, friend, and societal support and the inclination to relapse. This study involves the participation of 169 former addicts that completed their treatment and rehabilitation period, by utilising four instruments: the Inventory of Drug-Taking Situations, (IDTS) by Annis and Martin (1985); Coping Strategy Inventory (COPE) by Carver and the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) by Russell and Cutrona (1984). The findings shows the inclination to relapse among former addicts are at a high level for the eight dimensions of the inclination to relapse. This means the participants of this study are at a high risk of relapsing into drug use. The descriptive analytical results towards the problem-focused coping, the emotional coping and evasive coping variables show it at a low level. This also applies to the analysis for the family, friend, and societal support variables. In addition, the correlation analysis for the variables of problem-focused, emotional, and evasive coping, selfefficacy, and family, friend, and societal support, shows a negative significant relationship with the inclination to relapse, with the relationship strength between r=-.60 and r=-.80. Therefore this study shows the importance of the personal and interpersonal factors in reducing the problem of inclination to relapse among former addicts that completed their treatment and rehabilitation period. In conclusion, results show the importance of the personal and interpersonal factor in the problem of inclination to relapse.

Culture and Testing Practices: Is the World Flat?

Much has been speculated regarding the influence of cultural norms on the acceptance and use of personnel selection testing. This study examined the cross-level direct effects of four societal cultural variables (performance orientation, future orientation, uncertainty avoidance and tightness-looseness) on selection practices of organizations in 23 countries. 1,153 HR professionals responded to a survey regarding testing practices in hiring contexts. Overall, little evidence of a connection between cultural practices and selection practices emerged. Implications of these findings for personnel selection and cross-cultural research as well as directions for future work in this area are described.

Piloting an email-based resource package for job seekers with multiple sclerosis

Purpose: Media-based rehabilitation provides a powerful opportunity to examine vocational behaviors in the disability sector. However, this research is preliminary at best. This paper reports pilot data. Method: Eighteen adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) accessed an email-delivered, resource-based package, Work and MS. Pre- and post-access vocational self-efficacy and identity (Job-Procurement Self Efficacy Scale, My Vocational Situation Scale- primary outcomes), life orientation and depressed mood (Life Orientation Test – revised and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 – secondary outcomes) were assessed. Pre- and post-change scores were examined with Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and Hedges g effect sizes with associated 95% confidence intervals. Reliable change analyses were additionally calculated to determine the clinical significance of individual change scores. Results: Significant and positive effects were reported for vocational self-efficacy, identity, and optimism. Reliable change scores in one or more of these key outcomes were reported by 30% of the sample. Satisfaction with the content and delivery of the email-based intervention was also noted. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that Work and MS can help to promote vocational goals, interests and strengths among job seekers with a disability by providing a set of tools, information and linkages relating to vocational pursuits and career development. Replication with a randomized control design is indicated.Implications for RehabilitationResearch indicates a high unemployment rate among working-age adults with MS.A combination of disease-specific, psychological, programmatic and societal variables contribute to employment instability in this group.This pilot study demonstrates that an e-mail-based resource package, Work and MS, provides an innovative and feasible option for promoting consumer engagement with vocational services and, potentially, improving vocational outcomes.Work and MS has potential applicability to other disability groups.

Personalidad, edad de inicio y problemas por consumo de alcohol en estudiantes

The aims were to describe the occurrence of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in Argentinean students, and analyze differences in risk behavior, alcohol-related problems and sensitivity to reward and punishment, as a function of heavy episodic drinking, drunkenness episodes and age at drinking onset. We analyzed the relationship between alcohol consumption and drinking social norms. The final sample was composed by 106 students. Subjects with drunkenness episodes had more negative consequences and greater sensitivity to reward and punishment, while those with heavy episodic drinking had more problems resulting from alcohol consumption. Moreover, students with early drinking onset showed greater sensitivity to reward. Students who perceived greater alcohol consumption among their peers consumed more alcohol themselves. These results highlight the association between personality and societal variables and the probability of exhibiting risky alcohol consumption.

A Dual-Processing Model of Moral Whistleblowing in Organizations

A dual-processing model of moral whistleblowing in organizations is proposed. In this theory paper, moral whistleblowing is described as a unique type of whistleblowing that is undertaken by individuals that see themselves as moral agents and are primarily motivated to blow the whistle by a sense of moral duty. At the individual level, the model expands on traditional, rational models of whistleblowing by exploring how moral intuition and deliberative reasoning processes might interact to influence the whistleblowing behavior of moral agents. The model combines individual variables (e.g., moral identity), organizational variables (e.g., organizational culture), and external, societal variables (e.g., media perceptions) to explain the moral whistleblowing process and the impact of moral agents on organizations and society.

Relaciones intergeneracionales, demografía y economía en relación con las pensiones

Support of dependent persons relies on social organization, always based on intergenerational reciprocity. No pension system may be conceived without a reference to this social frame. Dependency needs can never be fulfilled by the individual him or herself and always involve a three generations scheme. Recent reforms of the “pay-as-you-go” public pension systems are progressively introducing in them the rationale of funded pension systems, where the saving-pensioner bears all risks. This leads to a narrow accountant view on pensions that prevents exploring for innovative solutions to the demographic, social and economic problems faced by the more developed countries. Most of the catastrophic predictions of the pretended unaffordable future cost of pensions may be proven wrong if all societal variables are allowed to change, especially those affecting income distribution. Demography is far from being the main, let alone the only, factor to determine the future of pensions. The economy plays a leading role thru job creation, increase in labour productivity and reduction of inequalities. Demographic ageing is a social challenge that we are in a position to overcome.

Religious Coping Strategies and Mental Health Among Religious Jewish Gay and Bisexual Men.

The present study examined the effects of positive and negative religious coping strategies on the mental health of 113 Israeli gay and bisexual Jewish males with high levels of religiosity, and how sexual identity formation (internalized homophobia and coming out) and societal variables (family and friends' acceptance of sexual orientation and social connections within the LGBT community) mitigated the effects of religious coping strategies on mental health. Findings showed that when dealing with the stress arising from the conflict between religious and sexual identities, individuals used both positive and negative religious coping strategies, but only negative religious coping was associated with poorer mental health. In addition, only in the presence of social resources (social connections with the LGBT community and the acceptance of sexual orientation by friends), did the use of positive religious coping result in better mental health outcomes. These findings underlined the importance of these resilience social factors in the lives of religious Jewish gay and bisexual men.

Concepción de la identidad química en estudiantes y profesores de química. Parte II: comparación entre participantes en dos universidades de diferentes países

In continuation from a previous paper, in which the concept of chemical identity was introduced, the elements that were used to collect and analyze cognitive interviews are presented, along with the results, implications and conclusions of a cultural-comparison study between students from a university in Costa Rica and another in the United States. Curricular differences between the two countries studied are also described. The results indicate, tentatively, patterns of reasoning about chemical identity, and also how they manifest in the context of a problem about benefits, costs and risks, as well as relationships between structure and properties, in chemistry. Diversity of thinking about chemical identity is shown across two countries with different chemistry curricula, and among student populations of different educational performance, in contexts with different geography, culture, norms, and other societal variables, which strengthens the validation of the hypothetic learning progression.