Societal Trends Research Articles

P1280 Gender identity and inflammatory bowel disease: estimates of prevalence across Europe

Abstract Background Societal trends in recent decades have led to greater expression and awareness of gender identity however little is known about the unique healthcare needs of people who identify as transgender or gender non-conforming (TGNC) particularly with regards to the impact of also suffering from a chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The duality of identifying as TGNC and also suffering from IBD (TGNC-IBD) is poorly understood with questions remaining about impact of IBD on gender-affirming hormones and vice versa, the mental health challenges and the impact of perianal disease on gender affirming surgery. Whilst some work has attempted to investigate the unique healthcare needs of this group of individuals,(1) there is still a significant gap in our knowledge including basic demographic data from this population. We therefore aimed to calculate for the first time the size of this under-researched population across Europe. Methods The global burden of disease study gathers data from various sources including censuses, household surveys, health service use and disease registries and uses a Bayesian meta-regression to provide prevalence estimates on a country-by-country basis. We used this data to generate estimates of the number of people suffering from IBD in each European country with available data.(2) The IPSOS Pride 2023 uses data from interviews of between 500 and 1000 people in each participant country and adjusts this data to reflect the demographics of that country.(3) Data from these two sources were then cross-referenced to calculate estimated numbers of TGNC-IBD individuals in each country. Any European country that did not have IPSOS data available was excluded. Results 11 European countries were included in the IPSOS report. The results of the prevalence estimates are summarised in table 1. Germany had the highest number of overall IBD cases whilst Switzerland has the highest percentage of people identifying as TGNC. The greatest number of TGNC-IBD individuals was found in Germany at 7081. Conclusion Our analysis provides for the first time an estimate of prevalence of the TGNC-IBD population across multiple European countries and builds on previous work performed in the United Kingdom using national census data. We have demonstrated significant population sizes across Europe reinforcing the need for both greater awareness of, and greater research into, the unique needs of this under-represented minority.

EDUCATION AND SOCIETY: THE LACK OF PEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE MODERN ERA

This paper examines current trends in education, highlighting the need for a renewed pedagogical perspective that meets societal demands. It analyzes contemporary educational reality, which is dominated by the reproduction of knowledge and the development of technical skills at the expense of promoting values such as critical thinking and active participation. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing and incorporating social, political, and historical parameters into the educational process. It underscores the necessity of a pedagogical theory that does not passively follow societal trends but instead takes on a guiding role in shaping values. Such an approach fosters democracy, social justice, and critical thinking. Additionally, it addresses skill development, emphasizing that it should go beyond technical competencies to empower students as responsible and critical citizens. Finally, the significance of embedding these principles into pedagogical theory is highlighted, ensuring it responds to the need for active and empowered citizens who contribute meaningfully to social change.

Big Data Analytics and Ethical Responsibility in the Digital Age

Big data analytics possesses the capability to process vast volumes of digital content and analyze societal sentiment trends in real time. Such analyses offer comprehensive insights and detailed models on how social awareness forms and evolves, particularly during periods of crisis. However, due to the immense, diverse, and complex nature of these datasets, traditional analytical methods often fall short, necessitating the ongoing development of novel interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies. At the same time, significant debates continue regarding the extent to which these datasets accurately represent the real world, given the existence of the digital divide and the ethical frameworks governing the collection and application of big data. This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of big data-driven research, the societal impacts arising from inequalities in data access, and the ethical issues that emerge during the collection and analysis of extensive datasets. The study consists primarily of secondary data obtained from existing literature, case studies, and the application of big data analytics in various research fields.

Exploring party-issue linkages as an indicator of issue ownership in election news coverage

Research on issue ownership has placed political parties at the centre of studies. Recent research argues that this focus should be expanded. First, researchers have found that the salience of different political issues is affected by events exogenous to political parties, such as real-world events and societal trends. Second, researchers have pointed to the news media as an additional arena for issue ownership competition and maintenance, making the concept of party–issue linkages in election coverage an additional topic of study. This article contributes to election research by exploring party–issue linkage as an indicator of issue ownership for both political parties and political leaders in the two most recent national Danish elections. Both elections were affected by societal trends and real-world events. Based on large-scale content analysis and using descriptive statistics, we find a clear shift in media saliences from 2019 to 2022. We also find changes in party–issue linkage for both political parties and specific political leaders, especially regarding the most salient issues of the elections.

From Home to the Streets: Identifying Factors Influencing Children's Vulnerability in Dire Dawa City Administration

This study, titled "From Home to the Streets: Identifying Factors Influencing Children's Vulnerability in Dire Dawa City Administration," aims to understand the complex issues surrounding street children in Dire Dawa. It identifies the primary factors leading to children's street involvement, examines the everyday challenges these children face, and evaluates the survival strategies they adopt. The objective is to bridge existing knowledge gaps by shedding light on the lived experiences of these vulnerable children, thus contributing to the formulation of support mechanisms that could alleviate their hardships and potentially help them break free from poverty and marginalization. A mixed-methods approach was employed to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to children's vulnerability. Data collection involved both qualitative and quantitative methods: personal interviews, focus group discussions, and observations provided qualitative insights, while structured surveys gathered quantitative data on demographics and socio-economic conditions. This dual approach enabled the study to capture both the individual experiences and broader societal trends influencing street children. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically to identify patterns, while descriptive and inferential statistics provided an empirical understanding of quantitative data, examining correlations between variables such as family income and street life. The findings highlight a range of factors contributing to streetism, including economic hardship, family instability, limited access to education, and lack of social support systems. These insights emphasize the urgent need for holistic, sustainable solutions to address the root causes of streetism. Recommendations proposed include expanding access to flexible education programs, strengthening family support systems, and introducing economic empowerment initiatives for the families of street children. Additionally, food security programs, safe shelters, social protection, and inclusive urban planning are essential to address the children’s immediate needs and long-term security. In conclusion, addressing streetism in Dire Dawa requires a multifaceted intervention strategy. Poverty alleviation, family support, and inclusive urban planning are vital to ensure that these children have opportunities for a stable future. The study’s recommendations offer actionable steps to improve the welfare of street children and foster their reintegration into society, thereby contributing to a more equitable and supportive community in Dire Dawa.

Relationship between injuries and motivation in recreational runners

Introduction: In recent years, running has become a popular form of recreational sports activity for adults. This study explores the relationships between motivation and injury among recreational runners, a growing population influenced by societal trends in health and wellness. Methods: The study involved 104 participants, consisting of 74 women and 75 men. Among them, 67 were part of a ‘running school’ program, while the remaining 73 were individual runners who trained independently without the guidance of a coach. The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Questionnaire on Health Problems, which is based on the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire, were used for the research. Results: The study found that pelvic injury was more severe in male participants, while women tended to experience serious back injuries that required them to take a break from training. All participants demonstrated high levels of intrinsic motivation. Multiple regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between injuries and intrinsic motivation in women, whereas in men, there was a negative correlation with introjected regulation. Conclusion: The ‘running school’ participants showed a negative association between injury and external regulation compared to individual runners, where amotivation and injury were positively associated.

Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Environment and Societal Trends: Challenges and Opportunities

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly pivotal in addressing global challenges by integrating technological advancements into environmental conservation and societal development. This paper explores the dual nature of AI's role—its capacity to foster sustainability and societal improvement, alongside the challenges it introduces. The research highlights AI applications in environmental management, such as optimizing resource use, monitoring ecosystems, and enhancing renewable energy efficiency. In societal contexts, AI's transformative potential extends to healthcare, education, and urban planning, fostering equitable access to essential services. However, significant barriers, including data scarcity, limited technical infrastructure, regulatory gaps, and socio-economic inequalities, hinder widespread AI adoption. By analyzing secondary data from recent literature, this study identifies critical challenges and presents actionable policy recommendations to ensure inclusive, ethical, and impactful AI integration. The findings underscore the urgency of collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and academia to leverage AI for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and addressing pressing global issues.

Modern China's “Cat Slave” Culture and Its Underlying Factors

In modern China, the rise of “Cat Slave” culture represents a significant shift in human-animal relationships, particularly within urban environments. Once valued primarily for their practical role, cats have become emotional companions for young urban professionals seeking fulfillment in increasingly isolated lifestyles. This thesis examines the historical evolution, social dynamics, and key factors that have contributed to the growth of “Cat Slave” culture. By analyzing the symbolic significance of cats and the influence of social media and consumerism, this study reveals how the culture reflects both personal emotional needs and broader societal trends. The findings suggest that “Cat Slave” culture is more than a temporary trend—it offers a response to the challenges of urban life by providing emotional fulfillment and identity formation. Furthermore, the commercialization of this culture highlights how emotional connections with pets have been transformed into marketable opportunities, shaping modern consumer behavior.

The Modern Economic, Technological, and Societal Trends: New Challenges or Opportunities. Conference Proceedings, November 27-29, 2024

The conference proceedings include abstracts from presentations at the Fifth International Scientific Conference on Accounting, Audit, and Analysis, titled “The Modern Economic, Technological, and Societal Trends: New Challenges or Opportunities”. This conference is dedicated to evaluating the evolution and modernization of accounting, auditing, and financial analysis, covering trends in accounting theory, practice, and regulation; technological transformations; shifts in audit methodologies; advancements in financial and business management practices; and the role of governance and accountability in addressing sustainability and climate-related challenges.

Factors Contributing to Rotary International’s Stagnant Membership Growth

This paper explores the multifaceted reasons behind Rotary International’s stagnant membership growth over the last decades. A significant factor identified is the lack of outreach and marketing efforts, which has prevented the organization from effectively engaging with diverse communities and adapting to modern promotional strategies. This has resulted in a membership base that does not reflect the changing societal dynamics and fails to attract younger generations who prioritize different causes, such as environmental sustainability and social justice. Additionally, the challenges faced by smaller organizations, such as limited resources and niche appeal, are relevant to Rotary’s struggle to attract new members. External societal trends, including urban development and globalization, have altered community structures and priorities, further influencing membership dynamics. The paper highlights the importance of adapting to these changes by improving outreach efforts, addressing competition from other service organizations, and fostering strong leadership within Rotary International. The discussion emphasizes the potential strategies Rotary International can adopt to enhance membership growth, such as leveraging social networks, fostering organizational identification, and addressing diversity challenges. By integrating these strategies, Rotary can work towards increasing its membership and continuing its mission of positively impacting society.

Aesthetic Learning Spaces: An Investigation into the Status in Danish Early Childhood Teacher Education

The aim of this article is to delve into and discuss the past and present conditions of aesthetic learning spaces in the Early Childhood Teacher Education (ECTE) program in Denmark, and how these conditions impact its learning environment. The investigation encompasses a variety of data sources and research methods aimed at capturing both the intricate and broader aspects of the focal question. The investigation includes (1) a discussion of educational reforms and how they affect aesthetic learning spaces, (2) a discourse analysis examining the descriptions of new iterations of aesthetic learning spaces, including makerspaces and playlabs, and (3) qualitative interviews with students and educators conducted during a building workshop. The study’s key discovery is that aesthetic learning spaces in ECTE have undergone a shift, becoming spaces that emphasize generic skills and academic abilities, as opposed to domain-specific tools and techniques. In the article, this transformation is connected to broader societal trends and analyzed through the lenses of sociological, educational and creativity theories, drawing upon the work of scholars such as Richard Sennett, Lene Tanggaard and John Krejsler. At the article’s conclusion, future topics for study are suggested.

Globalization and the Borrowing of “Weekend” from English into Arabic

This study was driven by the observed prevalence of the English word “weekend” among Arab speakers, whether in informal written or spoken communication. It aimed to examine the current status of this foreign word and determine if it is ready to be integrated into the Arabic lexicon. The study relied on a linguistic corpus including contexts containing the Arabized version of “weekend”- “?????” on the popular social media X-platform. This data was supplemented by a questionnaire distributed to 316 Arabs and a comprehensive survey of the status of English as the dominant language in the era of globalization. The analysis revealed an intriguing linguistic phenomenon. The data showed that the word “weekend” is linguistically prepared for integration into the Arabic vocabulary system. However, this integration is still being resisted, as most Arabs expressed their disagreement with the word officially joining their lexicon. While they acknowledged their widespread use of the word and its convenience compared to the native equivalent, they insist on maintaining the Arabic phrase "????? ????? ???????" /'ij?zat nih?yat al-'usb??/. The study concludes that the potential entry of “weekend” into Arabic depends on the conflict between globalization and the increasing acceptance of the word on the one hand, and the rejection by the majority to preserve the Arab identity. Any future societal trends towards accepting this word will pave the way for its integration, as it is already linguistically prepared.

Empowering Narratives: Ideological Constructs through References for Women in True Love East Africa and The Parents Magazines in Kenya

This article examines various references given to women in True Love East Africa and The Parents Magazine and emergent ideological constructs. It presents results of a study whose one of its objective was to identify and analyse the ideological constructs brought out by references for women in the discourses of the two magazines and what these references revealed about the Kenyan women. The study investigated the portrayal of women in the two magazines, employing a mixed-methods approach that combined qualitative and quantitative analyses. Utilizing thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), the research explored how these magazines constructed and negotiated identities for millennial mothers and independent women within a rapidly evolving socio-cultural context. By analyzing the references, the study revealed a significant shift in narratives, showcasing women not as passive subjects but as active participants in societal change. Key themes identified include the emergence of the “millennial mom” ideology, which celebrates women's economic participation and challenges traditional gender roles, highlighting their professional achievements and contributions beyond domestic spheres. The findings underscore a transformation in the depiction of women, reflecting broader societal trends prioritizing gender equality and women’s empowerment. Discourses surrounding single motherhood, professional success, and resilience in the face of societal expectations emerged, illustrating how these narratives challenge entrenched patriarchal norms. The study emphasizes the critical role of media in shaping perceptions of gender, calling for advocacy to amplify diverse and empowering narratives. It recommends policy development that supports equitable representation in media, urging further longitudinal studies to track the evolution of these representations. By highlighting the intersection of media, gender, and societal transformation, this research contributes to the understanding of women's roles in contemporary Kenyan society

A comprehensive epidemiological assessment of female rape in São Paulo State, Brazil: trends, patterns, and implications for public health.

Sexual violence against women remains a global challenge, with Brazil exemplifying persistent issues despite legislative advancements. This study examined sexual violence within São Paulo state, Brazil's largest and economically affluent state, focusing on prevalence, patterns, forensic evidence, and health consequences. We analyzed 40,757 medical reports of alleged cases of rape against women available from the São Paulo Medical Legal Institute from 2014 to 2017. An increase in female rape cases was observed, reflecting broader societal trends, but underreporting, prevalent due to fear and stigma, underscored the need for multifaceted interventions. We also explored correlations between rape prevalence and the Human Development Index, highlighting disparities between urban and rural areas. Additionally, the study revealed concerning proportions of cases involving vulnerable victims, emphasizing the imperative for tailored interventions and legislative reforms. Furthermore, we demonstrated that only a small portion of medicolegal examinations were able to find evidence of sexual violence or recent sexual acts, necessary for conducting the criminal investigation of the alleged act. Therefore, despite challenges in forensic evidence collection, efforts to enhance medical examination protocols and awareness among professionals are crucial. Moreover, findings underscored the significant health consequences of rape, including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, necessitating comprehensive healthcare services for survivors. In conclusion, we reinforced that addressing sexual violence demands coordinated action, including legislative reforms, community engagement, and survivor-centered approaches, to create safer and more resilient communities.

Cultural Underpinnings of Ageism: Exploring the Intersection of Georgian Identity and Aging Stereotypes

This study explores the relationship between Georgian cultural identity and ageist attitudes and stereotypes towards the elderly. It investigates whether a strong identification with traditional Georgian values correlates with ageist perceptions among the younger population in Georgia. Conducted with 300 young respondents, the research revealed that those who strongly identify with traditional Georgian culture exhibited less overt ageism. This aligns with the cultural norms that emphasize respect for elders. However, these individuals may still harbor implicit biases influenced by broader societal trends that prioritize youth and productivity. Older adults were often perceived as warm and kind, but they were also stereotyped as physically and cognitively limited, fitting into the "pity" category of the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2002). These findings provided valuable insights into the cultural dynamics of aging in Georgia and have implications for public policy and social interventions aimed at mitigating ageism.

A transnational movement to support the sustainable transition towards a healthy and Eco-friendly Agri-Food System through the promotion of MEDIET and its lifestyle in modern society: MEDIET4ALL

Abstract The Mediterranean diet is considered the world’s most evidence-based low processed eating pattern for promoting health and longevity while saving water/energy and conserving land. Unfortunately, due to the modern societal trends, adherence to the Mediterranean diet model is decreasing, while the consumption of takeout and ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPFDs) is exponentially growing, with alarming levels in many European-Mediterranean (EUR-MED) regions. The overall objective of “MEDIET4ALL” is to support the transition from UPFs culture to modern and sustainable Mediterranean diet through the creation of transnational movement aiming at implementing best practices and innovative solutions to enhance the convenience, modernity, competitivity, and shelf life of Mediterranean diet. To achieve this overall objective, different multidisciplinary tailored approaches are proposed. Specifically, multicenter databases of ingredients/food and their providers will be created to promote the accessibility. Additionally, a variety of highly nutritional and antioxidant-rich “Quick & Easy” recipes that respond to modern trends while following the Mediterranean diet and considering sustainability aspects will be developed. To preserve the eco-friendly and food safety characteristics and extend the shelf life of the Mediterranean diet products, active bio-packaging will also be designed. A strategic “MEDIET4ALL” platform and m-app integrating the abovementioned MEDIET4ALL products and combined Mediterranean lifestyle interventions tailored to each user profile will be developed. Traditional and technology-based awareness and motivational campaigns with extensive marketing and advertising actions to promote MEDIET4ALL movement are also programmed. Working under the concept of a multidisciplinary approach consortium, multiple impacts, particularly supporting the transition towards a healthy and sustainable MED diet and lifestyle, are expected.

Green Hydrogen and Formula 1 (F1): Advancing Sustainable Comprehensive Approaches for F1 Events in the MENA Region

Formula 1 (F1) has embarked on sustainability initiatives, notably the 'Countdown to Zero' campaign aimed at achieving carbon neutrality by 2030. This article delves into F1's sustainability efforts, focusing on the integration of green hydrogen as a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions, particularly within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Despite the novelty of green hydrogen in F1, its potential applications in powering vehicles and supporting event logistics are explored. Additionally, the article examines MENA's significance in F1's sustainability agenda, given its abundant renewable energy resources and strategic position in hosting Grand Prix races. The feasibility of transitioning F1 cars to sustainable alternatives, including electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered cars, and e-fuels, is scrutinized, highlighting challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, the article discusses sustainable practices that can make F1 events more sustainable. It refers to sustainable practices previously implemented in past F1 Grand Prix races, assesses their applicability to the MENA region, and suggests innovative practices that the MENA can implement; these include the installation of solar canopies in F1 circuit parking lots and the use of bio-fuelled trucks for event logistics. Investment in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) emerges as another avenue for F1 to mitigate its carbon footprint, potentially through partnerships with airlines present in the MENA region, such as Emirates. Ultimately, this article underscores the imperative for F1 to embrace sustainable practices, not only to align with societal trends but also to lead the charge in environmental stewardship within the realm of motorsport.

Accounting by decree: The impact of government policy on cost practices in the United States of America – 1933 to 1939

This article explores the impact of federal government policy and societal trends on cost practices and management techniques used to support business structures within the United States between 1933 and 1939. These dates reflect the influence of the Great Depression in the USA. Specifically, we explore the influence of the National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) on the development of costing and pricing policies from the perspective of the social rule system theory. Using this theory and source documents from the ‘New Deal’ period and the National Industrial Recovery Act, the article explores the costing assumptions underlying the Act's definition of ‘cost’. The Act was enforced through government policy (1933 to 1935) and supported by the Blue Eagle symbol throughout the period. This resulted in a pseudo-competitive market structure where Blue Eagle costing (full cost recovery and earning a ‘fair and reasonable’ profit) became the basis for market pricing and business management.

Are we committed to commitment?

IntroductionStudents face difficult decisions when considering multiple opportunities for employment or continued training. When this happens, students may consider breaking a previous commitment to accept a more appealing offer. Societal trends toward decommitment may also influence students' perceptions of the importance of commitment. PerspectiveStudents must consider potentially serious professional repercussions that may result from dishonoring commitment before making such a decision. ImplicationsWe challenge pharmacy faculty to reinforce the professional obligation of honoring commitment when guiding students in career decision-making. We emphasize the importance of helping students develop a specific plan to work toward career goals, entertain only those opportunities that help achieve these goals, and carefully weigh the potential impact of dishonoring commitment on their professional reputation.

A Brief Research and Our Thoughts on Lao She's Deeds in Practising Martial Arts

The article delves into the intriguing facet of Lao She, a renowned Chinese novelist, dramatist, and literary figure, who was also a skilled martial artist. It explores Lao She s martial arts journey from his early days in Beijing through his experiences in Ji nan, Qingdao, Chongqing, and his return to Beijing. The narrative touches on significant moments, including his training under Coach Ma, encounters during the Sino-Japanese War, and his persistence despite health challenges. The article underscores the fusion of literature and martial arts in Chinese culture, emphasizing the need to preserve and promote this heritage in the face of evolving societal trends.