Socialist Research Articles

『소녀와 여자들의 삶』(Lives of Girls and Women)에 나타난 먼로의 성 담론

This thesis explores Munro's discourse of sex in Alice Munro's Lives of Girls and Women. It focuses on three short stories in the text that deal with sexuality. The protagonist, Del recognizes that the most stumbling block to the change in women’s lives is conventional thinking about sex. Del, with thoughts and actions that are contrary to the guidelines of convention, tries to get sexual experiences. Del subjectively attempts body contact and sexual intercourse, then, watches her body's reaction, observes the male sexual organs, and makes new discoveries about the male body. Furthermore, she realizes that there are fallacies in traditional thinking on sex. In love with Garnet, who seems to be free from convention, Del freely releases her language of body and gets positive thinking about body. She learns that physical love is tied to spiritual love. But Munro's discourse does not allow for completeness. Del’s refusal to be baptized, which is Garnet's request contains the gist of Munro's discourse of sex. Through this, Munro deconstructs the binary thinking that divided the body and the mind, breaks the hierarchy of divinity and secularity, and dismantles the social ideology that sexual love should result in marriage.

Commitment in Pashto Short Stories

The term commitment literature is often used in one language to refer to literature in which the creator has paid close attention to social aspirations and the aspirations of the deprived strata of their society. Some critics see this literature as part of a social ideology in which the creator seeks to break free from individualistic demands and isolation through his works and to express his commitment to his community and the people he addresses. Here art, according to the Russian writer Tolstoy, is not merely a means to get enjoyment but a means of strengthening human relations with the well-being of individual and human society. A good literary work needs to reflect the realities of the times point out its shortcomings and find solutions to its problems; otherwise, it will not be considered as good work. (Landy) or Pashto short story is one of the folk poems. Folk poems are poems that are based on the artistic experiences of the people and express the taste, passion, imagination and intellectual experiences of particular nation. Landy is a two syllable poem, the first syllable is short just nine syllable and second syllable is thirteen syllables and every fourth syllable has a syllable on it, and one of the characteristics of (Landy) is that they can be fully understood and explained in this long frame. Afghanistan is one of the least developed countries in the world, so its poets and writers try to choose a beautiful forum for their work as well as topics that suit the needs of the society. Pashto short stories which are not available in any other language of the world. As a result, the demands of the people have been fully addressed in the shorts, as they can be names in the literature of promise.

THE PROPHETIC ETHICS IN NABI BARU POETRY COMPILATION BY TRIYANTO TRIWIYANTO

Literature reflects the social ideology and criticizes the community that violates the Islamic ideology andmoral values. One of literature works is prophetic literature that discusses about daily life. Propheticliterature refers to literature that involves in human history. The development of prophetic literature withreligious pattern has many elements, including the human-God relation and inter-human relation.Prophetic literature also deals with reality, such as socio-cultural judgment and criticisms. The propheticliterature has three matters: ma'ruf (instructing to do the good things, humanization), nahi mungkar(preventing the evil things, liberation), and tukminu billah (having faith in the God, transcendental). Theresearchers used descriptive-qualitative research with Hermeneutics theory of Hans Georg-Gadamer tointerpret the Nabi Baru poetry compilation written by Triyanto Triwikromo, the definition of prophet, andprophetic or the features of a prophet as the ideal spiritual-individual. As the agent of change, propheticliterature has a motivation to return to the prophetic values and to guide the community in to the rightway. This matter needs three united materials to create unity. This research explains the representations ofhumanism, transcendental, and liberal values. The results showed that Nabi Baru poetry compilation bookby Triyanto Triwikromo contained values, such as humanism, liberal, and transcendental values.

COVID-19 & Disaster Capitalism – Part I

In this three-part series we examine the extent to which disaster capitalism and the medical-industrial complex turned the pandemic into a 'golden' opportunity to enhance corporate profits which took place, in large part, at the taxpayer's expense through appropriation of public resources. In the first part we examine the rise of this predatory social ideology and the strategies its adherents have employed to assure its success. In the second part we examine the social and economic consequences of disaster capitalism during the COVID-19 pandemic which, in the end, led to the preventable loss of hundreds of thousands of American lives. In the final article we point to the necessity of broad reform not only of the healthcare system but of American democracy and raise challenging questions as to how this should be accomplished and, importantly, whether the American public is up to the task.

Narrative strategy of "Red China" exhibitions:on the example of the exhibition celebrating the centenary of the founding of the communist party of China

Exhibitions dedicated to the theme of "Red China" occupy an important place in the dissemination of "red" culture, the continuity of the "red" gene and the intensification of "red" education. They reflect the political agenda, have a distinct content and the uniqueness of the text material. Being an important element of the spread of "red" culture, exhibitions on the theme of "Red China" integrate elements of this culture into people's daily lives and play an active role in preserving and multiplying the "red" gene. In this article, the systematization and generalization of knowledge in the field of narrative strategy of exhibitions on the theme of "Red China" is carried out from the point of view of ontology, structure and narrative carrier, which at the present stage is important for building a strong socialist ideology. Exhibitions on the theme of "Red China" are an important way of materialization, visualization and dissemination of "red" culture, as well as an effective means of its popularization. The study found that the "Red" exhibitions should have a "revolutionary content", have a "political character", be "mutually recognized by the authorities and the people", take on the main responsibility for providing people with common access to material and spiritual culture. From the point of view of the communication function of the "red" exhibitions, they are an important means of organizing ideological and political education by the Communist Party of China, strengthening social harmony and promoting basic values.

AWAMI NATIONAL PARTY’S GOVERNMENT IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (2008-2013): HURDLES, STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSES

Pakistan is a federation having a center and four units (provinces). One of its four units is Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Having a heterogeneous and pluralistic society, Pakistan has developed a multi- political party system. Therefore, different political parties contest general elections at provincial and national level with their own manifestoes. Since inception, right-wing politics has been dominated in the political structure of Pakistan. With the passage of time, some of the left-wing political parties have also strengthened their footsteps in the country. Currently, one of the major left-wing political parties is Awami National Party (ANP) with socialist ideology. It originated in KP and its socialist ideology has been floated in some parts of Balochistan as well as some other parts of the country in chunks. The basic aim of ANP is to raise the voice for lower strata of the society. From 1986 till 2018, it contested different general elections and secured multiple seats at provincial and national level. Though, in the general elections of 2008, it got a high number of seats by winning 48 seats out of total 124 seats in provincial assembly of KP. However, lacking simple majority, it was unable to form a government in KP independently. Resultantly, it formed coalition government with the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarian (PPPP) in KP. During the period of its five year of government (2008-2013), it had made various legislations for the well-being of the people of KP. However, it faced different obstacles in the way of its progress due to its socialist and secular ideology. This research explores that to what extent ANP was successful in implementing its policies and what were the hurdles that hindered its way in implementing its policies during its ruling tenure in KP? Keywords: Government, Rightists, Leftists, Party Politics, General Elections, Manifesto.

디자인기획, 건축기획, 행정기획의 비교를 통한 공공디자인 기획의 특성 연구

Although planning is core action to set up strategy and direction of public design projects, academic studies for public design planning are not sufficient. The study aims to shape up notion and properties of public design planning through comparison of design planning at corporate management, adminstration planning, and architecture planning. The study is done by literature research and comparative analysis. Comparative analysis focuses on design planning at private companies, planning tasks at architecture planning, and ideologies at administration planning. While planning means procedure and methods for projects, plan means detailed activity goals and steps. Design planning at design management is overall activity of strategic perspective as fundamental process for design development of product, space, brand, and visual output. Design planning establishes design strategies for companies, sets up the direction of corporative design development through analysis of market and customers. Planning at public administration should have legal, economic, political, and social ideologies. Public design planning should share ideologies of administration planning for publicity. Architecture service promotion law defines roles and range of architecture planning, and guideline for architecture planning presents detailed methods. Public design planning should have philosophy and value for public interest, and procedure and methods to secure publicity.

Сотрудничество Кабардино-Балкарского отделения Советского комитета по культурным связям с соотечественниками за рубежом с неправительственными организациями зарубеж-ных черкесских диаспор в эпоху социализма (1966-1991)

It was revealed that in 1966-1991 years the Kabardino-Balkarian branch of the Soviet Committee for Cultural Relations with Compatriots Abroad (KBB), with the support of the authorities of Ka-bardino-Balkarian Republic, conducted activities to promote socialist ideology in foreign Circas-sian diasporas to increase among them supporters of the USSR and adherents of the socialist sys-tem. During the period of perestroika (1985-1991), the work of the KBB comprised explaining to foreign compatriots the essence of reforms in the USSR and attracting investors from among them. The activities and methods used by the KBB turned out to be quite effective: in the foreign Circassian diasporas the share of supporters of the USSR, persons maintaining ties with organiza-tions and citizens of the autonomies of the North Caucasus, members of the communist parties of Syria and Jordan, youth democratic organizations, the Arab Socialist Renaissance Party increased. The activities of the KBB contributed to the strengthening of friendly relations between the USSR and the countries of residence of compatriots, mainly with Jordan and Syria. Contacts (exchanges of delegations and tourist groups, education of youth of foreign compatriots in the universities of the KBASSR, organization of recreation for children of foreign compatriots in pioneer camps and sanatoriums of the republic, systematic correspondence of the KBB and residents of the republic with foreign compatriots) of representatives of foreign Circassian diasporas with their historical homeland, supplies to foreign compatriots of printed, video and audio materials, broadcasting ra-dio programs to the Circassian diasporas in the countries of the Middle East were mainly per-formed in the Circassian language, which largely contributed to the preservation of the ethno-cultural specifics of the foreign Circassian diasporas. The cooperation of the KBB with non-governmental organizations (NGO) of foreign compatriots also contributed to the study of the Russian language, Russian and Soviet culture by a considerable number of them.

Psychological-Distress Effects of Memes: A Critical Discourse Analysis

The main purpose of this study was to explore the negative impacts of humour-created memes that disturb people’s psyche and their normal routine; it leads them towards depression through imitation and parody in an ironic way to exploit their personal life in the Pakistani context. It manipulates social ideologies, beliefs, thinking and practices. Some popular Facebook pages are Lateetfon Ki Dunya, and Pakistani Political memes are created and spread memes on social media. Memes often serve the purpose of puns and humiliating others (Irfan, 2021). To meet the objective of this study, ten badly effective memes were analysed. The content of these memes plays a crucial role in the production of memes' multimodal discourse because memes discourse is owned by the masses. Internet memes stimulate crowd engagement because they might be seen as a common language (McCulloch, 2019; Milner, 2016). Data were analysed under Fairclough's theoretical framework to elucidate the data detection. This research study indicated that layman uses those platforms to influence the behaviour and living of famous personalities and destroy their individuality by character assassination and they find no escape in this digital age.

Отражение исторического времени в казахском документальном кино

The article deals with the unity of the national cultural heritage and historical time in Kazakh documentary films. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the use of time in the depiction of the spiritual world, national customs and traditions in the films of documentary film masters OrazAbishev, BakhytGafu-Kaiyrbekov and others. Based on the formal stylistic method, the significance of historical time in documentary films is explored. The author, considering the unity of the national cultural heritage and historical time in the Kazakh documentary, concludes that in the Kazakh documentary film, the reflection of the unity of the national cultural heritage and historical time has gone through several stages of formation, and was closely connected with the social, political phenomena taking place in the country. In conclusion, the stages of the formation of Kazakh documentary cinema are listed from the point of view of reflecting historical time and it is argued that: 1) the first stage is associated with the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan, with the ideology and politics of socialism (1927–1930); 2) the second stage is connected with the reflection of people's memory and history on the documentary film screen in the conditions of the political, social atmosphere of Kazakhstan in the 1960s (1960–1970); 3) the third stage reflects the processes of returning to the origins of national consciousness, people's historical memory (1990–2020).

HUMANIS? IDEOLOGY OR THE VALUE OF RELIGIOUS HUMANISM: RESEARCH ON FIGURES DAMIEN DEMATRA

Human values ??have an important role in realizing a safe, peaceful, and serene life in society. This can be achieved when everyone implements a humanist ideology or a view of human values ??in everyday life. The focus of this research is to describe Damien Dematra's social ideology, to describe his social background, and to describe Dematra's social position in society. This research uses qualitative research, data collection techniques use interviews, data analysis techniques use interactive techniques, and the validity of the data used is theory and source triangulation. The results showed that Dematra's social ideology was a humanist person. This is evidenced by his attitude, thoughts, and activities which are dedicated to humanity and world peace. Dematra's social background is a multitalent person or Dematra usually finds himself as an artist. This can be seen from the various fields that he has done, such as photographers, businessmen, painters, novelists, screenwriters for films and TV series, directors, actors and producers. Most of the professional fields that Dematra does have received recognition or awards from both international and domestic. Not only that, Dematra's work, which has contributed greatly to humanity and world peace, has received recognition and respect from the Keraton Surakarta and Keraton Cirebon. Dematra received a knighthood from the Keraton Sultanate of Surakarta and Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon. Every work produced by Dematra always gives a message of the value of humanity and peace. This is the basis for Dematra's work to be recognized, accepted, and even given respect or appreciation for its great contribution to humanity and peace. Dematra's social position in society also plays an important role in realizing human values ??and peace in Indonesia and the world. Dematra plays an active role as the coordinator and founder of the Pluralism Concern Movement. Pluralism Concern Movement is a non-governmental organization concerned with issues of pluralism, diversity and tolerance in society. There is a relationship between social position, social background, and Dematra's social ideology, this connection refers to one thing, namely the humanist ideology. Keywords: humanist, ideology, humanity

Authorial Stance in Black and Blue Novel by Anna Quindlin

The present study is concerned with the writer's ideologies towards violence against women. The study will focus on analyzing an English novel about violence against women so as to see to what extent writers are being affected and influenced by their genders. It also focuses on showing to what extent writer's ideologies are reflected in their works. Gender influence social groups ideologies; therefore, when a writer discusses an issue that concerns the other gender, they will be either subjective or objective depending on the degree of influence, i.e., gender has influenced their thoughts as well as behaviours. A single fact may be presented differently by different writers depending on the range of affectedness by ideologies. The study aims to uncover and reveal the hidden gender-based ideologies, by analyzing the discursive structure of a novel based on Van Dijk's model (2000) of ideology and racism. The selected novel is based on discussing violence against women. The study will later on reveal what the real writer’s gender-based ideologies is. Is the writer feminist or anti-feminist? Is he prejudiced? Is he biased?.

Innovations in Governance for the Welfare State by Devising a Comprehensive Pension Model in the Indian Context

A welfare state is committed to the holistic wellbeing of its citizens. These commitments can only be achieved when the state can establish good governance coupled with innovations throughout its administrative ecosystem. The provision of a defined pension has been earmarked as one of the key social security measures. The National Pension System has replaced the erstwhile General Provident Fund (GPF)-led pension in India, shifting from the socialist ideology to a market-driven model. The article suggests a self-reliant and sustainable Contributory Defined Pension System (CDPS) that would address all these concerns and can be extended to the government, PSUs and private sector.

The Philosophy of Transhumanism in Media Discourse

The article presents the results of a study of the key concepts of the philosophical movement – transhumanism, reflected in the materials of traditional and online media. The trends presented in the media discourse in the implementation of the ideas of the philosophical movement of transhumanism are analyzed and criticism of its currents is given. The goal is to show trends in the coverage of the problems of transhumanism, its advantages and disadvantages. The task is to identify the specifics of philosophical theory, its value content, the interpretation of the provisions of the theory in online media. The empirical base of the study is online media selected for analysis by random sampling. The Yandex search engine for the query “Transhumanism” in April 2022 produced 19 thousand results, which indicates the relevance of the topic and reader interest in it. The publications that received the greatest response from the audience on such media resources as Lenta.ru, Kommersant, RBC, Yandex.Zen, Regnum, Russian newspaper etc. and devoted to the topic of transhumanism are analyzed. The hermeneutic, existential approaches we use allow us to discover the meaning of the genesis of the philosophical direction, and discourse analysis about the interpretation of meanings and the assessment of transhumanism by the authors of publications. The hypothesis of the study is that the philosophical direction turns into a social movement and ideology, but in reality, it takes on practical outlines. Monitoring the process of media reflection of the concept of transhumanism opens up additional opportunities for studying and philosophical understanding of this phenomenon as a theoretical concept and international movement, as well as finding signs of its implementation in social practice. The main research question is whether the approaches of transhumanists to the problem of unprecedented human improvement are capable of benefiting humanity, while avoiding catastrophe.

Redefining Borders in Contemporary Chinese Theater: Paper Tiger Theater Studio Performing Kafka’s “The Great Wall”

For the past twenty years, director Tian Gebing and his Beijing-based independent artist collective, Paper Tiger Theater Studio, have pushed the boundaries of performance art and theater by probing, critiquing, and reconfiguring notions of the avant-garde. This article analyzes their recent production from 2017, 500 Meters: Kafka, the Great Wall, or Images from the Unreal World and Daily Heroism, highlighting the latent political and social ideologies of the Great Wall via parody and paradox within a decidedly postdramatic context in order to deconstruct Chinese political and social borders. I argue that 500 Meters moves the meaning of the immense border-demarcation line of the Great Wall from a discourse on political power to one of transcultural bonding. Consequently, the hybridity made possible through parody and paradox advances numerous possible alternative understandings of the Great Wall as variously a space of intercultural dialogue, a place of emotional connection with the other, and a surprisingly harmonious Babel where dominant dichotomies are subverted and even eliminated from the traditional, often coercive, and highly politicized understanding of borders.

Economics, ideology, and the creation and performance of state-owned electricity utilities in Australia, 1900 to 1950

This paper examines the factors that contributed to the evolving structure and ownership of the electricity industry in Australia in the inter-war and immediate post-World War II period. It details how the industry developed in the Australian states from the latter part of the 19th century through the first half of the 20th century. In examining the industry's transformation, network effects, generation plant scales, and the influence of the conflicting ideologies of socialism versus private ownership are considered. It then provides an assessment of the impact the changes in structure collectively had on the industry's performance during this period.

The Resistance Construction of Sexual Minorities from the Advantage Perspective

Based on the pluralism of politics, law, culture and social ideology in our country, the labelling, marginalization and Volkswagen exclusion of sexual minorities make them face great pressure in society. These pressures also lead to multiple contradictions and predicaments, such as psychological, emotional and family, and they are unable to receive adequate attention and support, and the limited help provided by society to them, making sexual minorities a vulnerable group in society. This paper analyzes the possible problems of sexual minorities from the perspective of superiority, and tries to put forward some suggestions and countermeasures to improve the resistance of sexual minorities.

«Левый» поворот Америки: новое поколение социалистов

The article is devoted to the change in the attitude of American society to the ideology of socialism at the beginning of the XXI century. The article examines reasons for popularity of leftist ideas in the United States, the most popular interpretations of the concept of “socialism” among American citizens, taking into account their age or belonging to a particular social group. The program and the success story of Bernie Sanders, a man who embodies American socialism today, as well as the impact of his political “headway” on the political development of the United States, are analyzed.

What's Gender Got to Do with It? Dismantling the Human Hierarchies in Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Toxicology for Scientific and Social Progress.

AbstractThis article argues that the concepts of "normal" reproductive development that biologists rely on are undergirded by heterosexism, ableism, and White supremacism, even if implicitly. We illustrate our argument by critically analyzing toxicology's use of reproductive fitness, focusing on the field of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Toxicology both informs and is informed by fundamental evolutionary and ecological questions as well as environmental health. Throughout, biologists overwhelmingly assume that "abnormal" reproductive physiologies both are generated by EDC exposure and necessarily threaten species survival. Such assumptions unwittingly obscure fundamental scientific insights while further discriminating against queer, trans, nonbinary, and differently abled human communities. We agree that scientists should be sounding the alarm over unavoidable, unevenly distributed, highly hazardous EDC exposures-which cause metabolic dysregulation, cancer, and death-but not because gonads and genitals look different. Instead, we encourage scientists to directly confront how chemical corporations profit from innumerable, irreversible harms to ecological and societal well-being, harms that may very well have nothing to do with gonads or genitals. We close with three specific suggestions to help scientists dismantle the human hierarchies embedded in biological frameworks, toward better science and environmental justice. By refusing the oppressive social ideologies assumed by prior research, toxicological and biological scientists will offer exciting new insights into evolutionary processes and urgent, justice-centered findings for environmental health.

Egy sikertelen kísérlet

This paper sketches out the early phase of the academic discipline ‘Western (or European) Legal History’ in Japan through the case of Satoshi Nishimoto, who was one of the first scholars to specialise in this discipline. Nishimoto studied in Germany during the National Socialists era. Following his return to Japan, he published a series of papers which were influenced by national socialistic ideology. Due to the fact that the subjects of these papers seemed to bare no relation to European legal history, he was unable to gain much recognition as a legal historian. However, it seems that these papers were an attempt to introduce the research methodology prevalent in Germany at the time of his studies, namely that of legal history as either serving politics or needing to be combined with geopolitics. In any case, his attempt ended in failure.