Socialist Republic Of Vietnam Research Articles

Role of military cooperation in Vietnam-Russia relations

The primary purpose of this article is the analysis of the evolution of bilateral relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) and the Russian Federation in the field of military cooperation. It gives answers to following research questions: 1) what is the role of defence collaboration in bilateral ties, 2) what are the most essential elements of Russia-Vietnam military relations, 3) what are the common reasons/ incentives for developing links regarding arms trade, 4) do the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and invasion of Ukraine in 2022 change goals of Vietnamese politics towards Moscow, 5) How do Chinese and US factor affect military cooperation between Russia and Vietnam? The theses of this paper assume that: 1) the government in Hanoi maintains friendly relations with Moscow on the political level in the face of the conflict in Ukraine and continues military cooperation, however Russian arms exports to Vietnam has declined, 2) Vietnam diversifies weapon trade partners expanding cooperation with Israel, Belarus, US and South Korea, but Russia still remains crucial arms importer for Hanoi.
 The analysis is focused mainly on the situation from 2002 to the present, and intends to examine the evolution of military cooperation between Hanoi and Moscow after the signing of the Declaration on Strategic Partnership. The article includes a short overview of Russia-Vietnam relations emphasizing its strong historical background. Paper is also focused on important arms trade contracts, agreements on military cooperation, includes statistics published by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) to show the scale of collaboration, and points out major challenges for future cooperation.

Mnemonic splinterings and disciplinary convergences: Memory studies, Vietnamese studies, and diasporic Vietnamese studies

This article considers memory studies in the context of the Vietnamese case study in order to test and revise previous assumptions on dimensions, levels, and modes of memory drawn mostly from European or Northern American frameworks. In particular, it examines the politics of modern Vietnamese memories about war and migration both in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and in the Vietnamese refugee diaspora to consider the possibilities, limitations, and implications of such contested memory work. Highlighting the particularities of Vietnamese memory politics, the article illustrates what memory studies, Vietnamese studies, and diasporic Vietnamese studies can bring to each other and contribute to important disciplinary discussions ongoing in these fields.

Hận: The Haunt of Home, Vietnamese Refugee Melancholia, and the Challenges to Asian American Critiques

Abstract: Based on writings of first-generation Vietnamese refugees, this article explores hận (a deep hatred and resentment, or a haunting anguish) through the lens of melancholia to uncover the convergence and divergence of Vietnamese refugee politics and Asian American politics. I argue that hận exposes the double forces and geographies of violence (by/in both the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the United States) that produce the constraints that refugee free wills are not just pushing against, but are also bound by, resulting in the divergence between first-generation Vietnamese refugee politics and Asian American anti-imperialism and decolonization politics.

Regional epidemiological features of infectious diseases with fecal-oral transmission in the socialist republic of Vietnam

Aim: To identify regional epidemiological features of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission and the factors influencing them in four regions of Vietnam.Materials and methods: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of data of 10 infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam for the period 2017-2022. Maps of incidence by province was created using the QGIS 3.28 program. Correlation coefficients between the incidence of the studied diseases and socio-economic factors were established.Results: It was revealed that the incidence of the 10 studied diseases was 443.1±113.5 0 /0000 and tends to decrease. The highest incidence was recorded in Tay Nguyen. Cases of diarrheal syndrome (330.1±73.8 0 /0000) and enteroviral vesicular stomatitis (HMFD) (93.6±33.4 0 /0000) accounted for 95.65% of all registered cases. Diarrhea is distributed mainly among children under 4 years of age (1090.3±384.8 0 /0000) and 5-9 years old (60.9±18.5 0 /0000). Regional epidemiological features of diarrhea and HMFD are shown. The highest incidence of the HMFD was recorded among children under 4 years of age in Dong Thap (4635.8 0 /0000) and Ho Chi Minh City (4210.5 0 /0000), and the highest incidence of diarrheal syndrome was in Kon Tum (2621.2 0 /0000), Thai Binh (2556.6 0 /0000) and Dien Bien (1461.9 0 /0000). Relationships were established between the incidence of diarrhea and levels of access to safe water (rSpearman = – 0.393; p = 0.001), to the sanitation system (rSpearman = – 0.267; p = 0.035), average monthly income (rSpearman = – 0.424; p = 0.001), poverty levels (rSpearman = 0.403; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The high incidence of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam is due to the high incidence of diarrhea and HMFD. A high incidence of diarrhea is typical for provinces with low levels of access to safe water and sanitation systems, high levels of poverty and low average monthly income. Incidence of HMFD is high among children under 4 years old, especially in the southern provinces with high population density in the summer and autumn seasons.

‘We need the activists to be more entrepreneurial’: Global versus local modes of thought on the development of social enterprise support systems in transitioning economies

AbstractAs the processes of market liberalization and globalization increase the confidence of international actors involved in national third sectors, there exists a cosmopolitan tension between ‘mobile elites’ and ‘locked in’ nationals. This paper explores the impact of these tensions on the social enterprise ecosystem in the Republic of Poland and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Focused on the internationalized mechanisms of support, the relationship between the social enterprise incubators and international stakeholders, and power distance inherent to the global versus local debate, the findings suggest that normative isomorphic pressures are causing a fundamental ecosystem shift. The monopolization of support and terms of reference have led to entrepreneurs detrimentally being treated as ‘organizational heroes’ risking burnout, the primacy of international voices within the local context, and the transference of nationals from being ‘locked in’ to national processes to being ‘locked out’ of national support. The research suggests the cosmopolitan‐led transformation of activists into entrepreneurs needs to be more carefully considered, to ensure that enforced alignment to international system does not alienate them from other sources and means of sustainability.

Accounting for the stateless

Finding, identifying and interring the war dead are ethically and ceremonially crucial tasks for healing, repairing and legitimising. Before the end of the Vietnam War, the United States had begun to look for missing Americans in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. In the wake of its victory and takeover of South Vietnam, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam went to great lengths to identify and immortalise its fallen soldiers. The same cannot be said for the war dead of the Republic of Vietnam, whose fall on 30 April 1975 made the war dead stateless; consequently they have never been legitimately acknowledged by the current Vietnamese government or their former ally, the United States. This article explores the accounting efforts by Nguyen Dạc Thành and the Vietnamese American Foundation to reveal the financial, logistical, technical and political opportunities and challenges in accounting for war dead associated with a state that no longer exists.

Measuring the efficiency of the Republic of Korea’s cultural diplomacy in Vietnam under Moon Jae-in’s presidency (2017-2022) and its potentialities

As soon as the new president of the Republic of Korea was elected in 2017, Moon Jae-in anchored the New Southern Policy (NSP), which targeted southern Asian countries and expanded South Korea’s strategic presence in the Asia-Pacific Ocean. As such, the ROK continued to adopt a public diplomacy policy and empowered Korean culture in Southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam. This article aims to generalize Moon Jae-in’s policy on cultural diplomacy and his application in Vietnam as a case study. I employed Joseph Nye’s soft power and cultural diplomacy concept while adopting a qualitative method to collect official information from the ROK’s homepages and assess diplomatic results. The central argument of this article is that Moon Jae-in considers cultural diplomacy a key element of the NSP for promoting Korean culture and bolstering a strategic presence in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The ROK attempted to graft K-pop, movies, Korean customs, Korean languages, and Korean cuisine onto the Vietnamese concept and seek an upgrade of Vietnamese Korean cultural exchanges and the frequent organization of cultural events. Hence, an upgrade between the ROK and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in December 2022 marked an achievement of cultural diplomacy. I also argued that this attempt has a tonic effect on continuing the ROK cultural diplomacy under Yoon Suk Yeol’s presidency and on the foreseeable chance of both the SRV and the ROK in cultural diplomacy.

Kok Kosor and the Struggle for Cultural Survival, Human Rights, and Religious Freedom for the Montagnards of the Central Highlands

Kok Ksor devoted his entire life to the struggle for human rights and religious freedom for the Montagnard people of the Central Highlands in Vietnam and Cambodia. The story of the dramatic history of these tribal peoples caught in the midst of war and its aftermath and the continuing oppression of a largely forgotten people is conveyed through the career of this extraordinary military warrior, activist, international human rights spokesman, and religious leader. Maligned by the government in power in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Kok Ksor is totally opposite of how the regime characterizes him.

Patterns Symbols in Auspicious Animal Decorate in the Imperial City of Hue, Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The Imperial City of Hue, the capital city of the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945), was the last dynasty in the feudal era that ruled Vietnam for 143 years. Emperor Gia Long ascended the throne ruling the Kingdom of Vietnam, choosing Hue as the capital city and building the Imperial City of Hue for the Nguyen Dynasty. The construction took 27 years. Emperor Gia Long adopted a system of governance and Confucian concepts to rule Vietnam. The emperor was likened to the Son of Heaven and sent to rule the human world. It was then necessary to create a living space that resembled heaven. The Imperial City of Hue was modeled after the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, to ensure that the royal palaces of the Imperial City of Hue were as marvelous as the Chinese Forbidden City. It also reflects the royal authority of the Vietnamese monarchy following the Chinese monarchy. According to the Cultural Diffusion theory, Vietnam has been culturally influenced by China through the architecture of the Imperial City of Hue, which emphasizes the uniqueness of its important strategic city location; suitable topographic features containing rivers, mountains, and sea as natural defenses against external invasions, and the uniqueness of the Vietnamese capital and the Imperial City of Hue, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam during the Nguyen Dynasty.

НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО СССР И СРВ В ОБЛАСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ (1976-1983 ГГ.)

The article discusses the main directions of scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereinafter - SRV) in the field of construction of industrial facilities (1976-1983). Archival materials of the GARF, RGANTD, TSGANTD Spb funds are analyzed, examples of constructed facilities are given, the role of Soviet specialists is analyzed, the identified problems of bilateral interaction are considered, the significance and effectiveness are assessed cooperation between the USSR and the SRV in this area. The paper concludes that cooperation in the construction of industrial facilities in the SRV has helped build backbone enterprises and given an impetus to the development of science and manufacturing industries.

The structure of ESKAPE pathogens isolated from patients of the neonatal intensive care unit at the National Hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Introduction. The incidence of healthcare-associated infections is a major public health problem worldwide, affecting all countries regardless of their economic status. The main agents of these infections are pathogens belonging to the ESKAPE group.
 The aim of the study was to explore the structure, molecular and antigenic characteristics of the ESKAPE pathogens isolated from oral and anal mucosa of patients of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to assess their etiological significance in occurrence of healthcare-associated infections.
 Materials and methods. Samples from a total of 49 children were tested, including 40 newborns patients of NICU at the National Hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. Collection and processing of biomaterial (oropharyngeal swabs, rectal swabs) and isolation of bacterial cultures were performed using conventional bacteriological methods. Mass spectrometry was used for identification of isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were analyzed using the whole-genome sequencing method.
 Results. The group of gram-positive ESKAPE pathogens identified in oral mucosa was represented by isolates Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae included K. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae; the group of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria was represented by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii. The structure of ESKAPE pathogens persistent in anal mucosa was characterized by dominance of Enterococcus spp., E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa bacteria. The whole-genome sequencing of K. pneumoniae isolates revealed 7 clusters and 8 sequence types. ST14 and ST1741 prevailed, accounting for 25%, respectively, of the total number of the studied strains. The molecular serotyping showed that by the O antigen, strains belonged mainly to serotypes O1v1, O1/ O2v2, O5; by the presence of the capsular antigen to serotypes KL2, KL104, KL60.
 Conclusion. The analysis of the structure of the ESKAPE pathogens isolated from the oral and anal mucosa of patients of NICU at the National Hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi identified etiologically significant agents of bacterial infections: S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii. The molecular and genetic analysis of K. pneumoniae strains co-circulating in mucous membranes of several patients of the unit revealed their homology, thus confirming healthcare-associated contamination of children with nosocomial strains.

Features of the system of epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The results of the analysis of the system of epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the assessment of the possibilities of its improvement are presented . The levels of organization of epidemiological surveillance in Vietnam , their compliance with the administrative division of the country ( state , provincial , district and commune levels ) are shown . It is noted that epidemiological surveillance has a passive nature and is based on the online reporting system of the Department of Preventive Medicine , which has been the official notification channel for 42 infectious diseases since 2016. For the purposes of epidemiological surveillance , all registered infectious diseases are divided into 3 groups according to the potential for epidemic spread (A, B and C), on which strategies for carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic ( preventive ) measures depend . It has been established that modern computer technologies , including geoinformation systems , in Vietnam have found their application in certain areas of epidemiological surveillance of current infectious diseases , but further i mprovement o f t he m ethods o f t heir u se f or t hese p urposes i s r equired .

The main stages in the development of land relations and land administration in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The victory of the August Revolution of 1945 started the era of national independence, civil rights and democracy for Vietnam. Recognizing the importance of land management for national development, the new state, immediately after gaining independence, adopted a new land management and land use policy aimed at stabilizing people's lives and meeting the needs of the entire population. During the 77 years of building and development of independent Vietnam, the country has gone through several historical periods in the development of land relations, and in each of them land administration and, above all, land management made a great contribution to the national revival. In this article, the author considers the main stages in the development of the land sector in the period from 1945 to the present, in order to determine its history as a basis for making guidelines and decisions to further improve the organization and increase the efficiency of land management in the country.

Вьетнамское законодательство об исполнении судебных решений о привлечении к уголовной ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц

The article is devoted to the issues of enforcement of court decisions on criminal liability of commercial legal entities in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The procedure for the execution of such judgments established by the Law of June 14, 2019 No. 41/2019/QH14 “On the execution of judgments in criminal cases”, which entered into force on January 1, 2020, is analyzed. Separate norms of this law applied to convicted commercial legal entities are considered.

On the question of criminal responsibility for crimes against justice in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)

The article analyzes the theory and practice of applying criminal proceedings against persons for committing crimes against justice in Vietnam. In particular, the problematic issues of the general criminal-legal characteristics of criminal responsibility for crimes of this category in accordance with the provisions of Ch. XXIV Criminal Code of SRV 2015. The author an interpretation of the concept and classification of the crimes.

Assessment of the reliability of the conclusion of an expert handwriting expert in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Assessment of the reliability of the conclusion of an expert handwriting expert in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Legal Regulation of Marriage Relations with Foreign Citizens (on the Example of Vietnam)

The article discusses, first of all, some features of the Vietnamese legislation concerning marriages with foreign citizens and issues of citizenship. The problem of forced and fictitious marriages is also touched upon.Aim. Identification of specifics of the Vietnamese legislation on marriage and family and some topical problems in the field of mixed marriages.Tasks. Analysis of main provisions of the Law on Marriage and Family of Vietnam, the role of international treaties in this sphere, comparison of the situation with fictitious marriages in Vietnam and the Russian Federation.Methods. Comparative legal analysis of the norms of international private law in the field of marriage and family relations, description of the approaches of Vietnamese legislation to limping marriages and remission, as well as analysis of judicial practice in relation to fictitious marriages of Vietnamese citizens in the Russian Federation.Results. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation, representing different regions of the world and legal systems, have similar problems in the field of marriage and family relations involving foreign elements, which in Vietnam are exacerbated by social problems and weak protection of the rights of women and girls.Conclusion. The case of Vietnam demonstrates the conclusion of bilateral agreements and of universal conventions enhance eliminating the problem of conflict of law (limping marriages), while participation in international organizations improves the socio-economic situation of the population and develop mechanisms for protecting human rights in the field of marriage and family relations.

“Greening” Speculative Urbanism? Space Politics and Model Circulation in South Korea and Vietnam’s Special Economic Zones

As products of the waves of deregulation and liberalization of trade and investments in the region in the 1980s and mid-1990s, special economic zones (SEZs) have emerged as an important tool of economic governance in East and Southeast Asia. Recently, governments and investors around the region, have favored multi-purpose SEZs conceived for land and real estate development which exhibit several similarities such as eliciting tourism as the main driver of local development and a declared “eco” and “green” configuration. The Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Van Don SEZ in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) are two illustrative cases of urban policy diffusion as a complex phenomenon combining the ROK’s increased international activism and SRV’s own institutional structure and preferences in terms of development goals. Based on a close reading of reports, official documents, qualitative interviews and site visits, this article will further contribute to the debate on the complexity of urban policy diffusion in contemporary East and Southeast Asia.

SOVIET-VIETNAM CULTURAL COOPERATION IN 1978-1985

The article analyzes the content of cultural cooperation between the Soviet Union and Vietnam during its active phase. The research has been made on the base of archival data and Soviet newspapers during the period 1978-1985. Attempts have been made to create authorial periodization of the diplomatic stages of cultural dialogue. Forms of cooperation in the sphere under study have been identified. As the most important treaty and legal basis of the Soviet-Vietnamese cultural cooperation should be considered, firstly, the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed by the USSR and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1978, which contained an article on the establishment of official cultural ties between the two countries. Secondly, the adoption of the Agreement on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation in 1982, which was a logical continuation of the validity of such a document dated 1957 and concluded for a period of 25 years. The most popular forms of cultural exchanges in international cooperation are: organizing cultural days at the regional and national levels; arranging festivals; participation in competitions and quizzes devoted to the study of history, geography, literature and art of the two countries; creative collaboration, as well as the organization of bilateral touring activities and others.

Epidemiological Patterns of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: an Ecological Study

Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus belong to the most costly chronic diseases worldwide. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country with a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, with hypertension and diabetes among the top contributors to premature mortality. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe and assess the scale of the burden of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Methods: An ecological study employing secondary data analysis was conducted. Data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation and Vietnamese Health Statistic Yearbooks were analysed by linear and polynomial regression analyses, Kendall rank correlation, and Pearson correlation. Results: From 1990 to 2017, on average, 22% of all deaths and 11% of all disability-adjusted life years were associated with high systolic blood pressure, and 3% of all deaths and 2% of all disability-adjusted life years were attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The decrease in the number of elementary nurses, as well as the increase in health insurance expenditures per inpatient, seems to be, with the highest degree of certainty, correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus death and disability-adjusted life years rates. Conclusion: If the tracked progress remains at the same pace, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam will likely be unable to achieve the targets related to Goal 3 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Developing regulatory frameworks and social demand for professionalism could encourage nurses to pursue higher education.