Social Standards Research Articles

International legal principles of cooperation in the field of social security

The research deals with the issues of cooperation between states in the field of legal regulation of social security. In the context of globalization, the emergence of new social challenges, such as the coronavirus pandemic, international migration, the activities of transnational corporations, joint measures are needed to ensure that all states ensure minimum standards of social security. Issues of international legal regulation of social security are considered in relation to the Millennium Sustainable Development Goals, as well as in relation to the standards and norms established at the UN and ILO levels. International social security standards are researched and reviewed within the framework of our proposed classification. It is proposed to base the classification on social relations governed by the corresponding numbers of law. Legal measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of legal regulation of social security at the national level.

Extra‐terrestrial resources: A potential solution for securing the supply of rare metals for the coming decades?

The forthcoming energy transition driven by the need to reduce CO2 emissions requires large amounts of critical elements to construct renewable energy devices such as car batteries, wind turbines and solar panels. For many elements such as Li, Co, REEs and Ti, the production sources are located in countries with poor social and environmental standards, prone to political destabilization such as military conflicts, or vulnerable to strained relationships with consumer countries. Lately, the volatile geopolitical context has further demonstrated the high dependency of Europe and other developed countries in terms of raw material supply. In addition, there is a debate about the Earth's potential to sustain the transition toward a green society by using conventional resources from mining of terrestrial rocks. As nature conservation and climate mitigation are now priorities for the majority of governments, and since conventional mining on Earth suffers from a growing social resistance, humankind may need to look toward new frontier resources for supplying the mineral needs of the coming decades. Here, we explore the use of extra‐terrestrial resources as a potential source to feed the future supply of critical metals. Extra‐terrestrial mining may be an opportunity for wealth creation and an option for critical metal resource supply when mining on Earth becomes increasingly untenable. We conclude that the potential impacts of extraction and exploitation of space resources, both good and bad, could be societally profound.

Sociological Trilogy of Cultural Community on Exposure Peril of Monsoon in Western Rural and Urban, Sierra Leone

Although there are crowds of cultural comprehension and interpretations, the mass of Sierra Leonean sociologists would consent that the anchor of Sierra Leonean sociology is the swotting of personage reciprocation (Bangura, 2019). Consequently, when exposure pounds, Sierra Leonean sociologists have asked, “how do Sierra Leoneans reciprocate?” The natural social standard of intermittence or frequency and ferocity of hydro-meteorological exposures stirring Western Rural and Urban is socially augmenting, preeminent to tough shivers shocks on socio-economic, educational and cultural growth (Jackson, 2023; Wouter Botzen et al, 2019). This social research pinpoints at charting the social judgements of the illustrative social history on the shock of cultural community-predicated social arteries to exposure foresight to the peril of typhoon activated monsoon in Western Rural and Urban, Sierra Leone. The judgements of this social research might bolster link social lacunae in cultural community foresight and imminent social antiphon to the peril of typhoon monsoon, consequently abridging social susceptibility and exposure. Fundamental dossier for social research was captured via online partially-structured social dialogues. Seventy-eight social research respondents were affianced for a profound sociological comprehension of the shock of cultural community predicated arteries on exposure foresight. Auxiliary dossier was collected via social evidence inquiry by scanning, appraising and reviewing briefs and inferences from previous social research discourses, monographs and peer reviewed journals. The Estimate-Talk-Estimate social technique was utilised to assess the impact of cultural community based arteries to exposure foresight. The extensive social research judgement was that cultural community-accustomed practice has a substantially lofty shock on individual threshold of exposure foresight. The social research suggested policy makers to proliferate the social accomplishment of cultural community accustomed exposure oversight practice blueprints as the maximum reasonable scheme to diminish the shocks of typhoon activated monsoons in Western Rural and Urban, Sierra Leone.

Analysis of the degree of social accountability in accreditation standards for basic medical education

According to the World Health Organization, for medical schools to fulfill their obligation of social accountability, it is necessary for medical education, research, and service areas to ref lect the healthcare system’s relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. This study utilized Boelen and Heck’s (1995) social accountability grid model to analyze the degree to which the Accreditation Standards of Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation 2019 (ASK2019) standards apply the World Federation for Medical Education’s (WFME) standards. The social accountability characteristics of the former were compared to those of the WFME, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and the Australian Medical Council. Experts with experience and certification in medical education and evaluation classified the ASK2019 standards according to the grid model, evaluated social accountability perspectives, and categorized them according to the process, content, and outcome. Of the 92 standards, 61 (66.30%) were selected as social accountability standards; these encompassed all areas. There was a particular focus on outcome-related areas, such as “mission and outcomes,” “student assessment,” “educational evaluation,” and “continuous improvement.” Education and quality were the most common (33, 54.11%), followed by 18 standards related to education and relevance. However, the standards on cost effectiveness and equity corresponding to education, research, and service were significantly insufficient. As a result of classification using a logic model, many criteria were incorporated into the process, producing results similar to those of international accreditation institutions. Therefore, to fulfill medical schools’ social accountability, it is necessary to develop cost effectiveness and equity standards with reference to grid models and expand them beyond education to include research and service areas. Developing content and outcome standards is also required.

TEST OF INVARIANCE OF THE ANOMIE BRIEF SCALE WITH THE ALIGNMENT METHOD IN 12 LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

The Social Anomie Brief Scale (SAS10) is a self-report measure of social anomie against new social standards implemented during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the invariance of the cross-cultural measurement of the SAS10 in a sample of 12 Latin American countries. Additionally, the difficulty and discrimination characteristics of the items were evaluated using the IRT and social anomie was compared between the participating countries. A total of 4,911 people from 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela) selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. The results indicated that the original two-factor model of the SAS10 shows estimation problems and low fit indices in several countries. However, a model of two related dimensions (behavioral and affective) of nine items (SAS-9) presented adequate fit indices in all countries. This model presents adequate estimation of reliability and approximate cross-cultural measurement invariance. Peru was the country with the highest score in the behavioral dimension of social anomie; while Venezuela and Bolivia presented the highest scores in the affective dimension. Mexico was one of the countries with the lowest anomie scores. The results of the IRT would indicate that the characteristics of the SAS-9 items were appropriate. It is concluded that the SAS-9 has shown good psychometric properties when evaluated in 12 Latin American countries and can be used in future studies that compare social anomie cross-culturally.

Modern Social Innovation in the Cultural Heritage of the Midzi-Chenda Community of Coastal Kenya

All African cultural heritages suffered suppression when foreigners from the East and West came to dominate and introduce hitherto unknown lifestyles, technologies and skills. Like many African communities, the Midzi-Chenda community of coastal Kenya have struggled to maintain their heritage. This study examines the influence of modernity and its attendant social standards on the cultural heritage of the Midzi-Chenda. The study was carried out with the aim of identifying the cultural heritage values that are keys to addressing critical issues that affect coastal communities in Kenya and Africa. Sources for this study include oral histories, focus group discussions, interviews, documented information, and the author’s personal experience as a member of a Midzi-Chenda community. The insights here may be applied to tackle crucial challenging issues such as drug abuse, human trafficking, gender-based violence and types of radicalization in a vibrant changing society.

The Causes of the Sex Industry Within Japans Economic Structure

Within the patriarchal societal background of Japan, the sex industry serves as a mainstay part of service. As more and more women have higher social access, the gender gap between women and men is still wide by social standards and expectations. What is the thing that keeps women stuck in the position of experiencing social gaze, and how is the sex industry part of the indication of womens status and current situation? This essay answers the questions by having a reason analysis and case study of interviews of female sex workers and explaining the causes of the flourishing sex industry by social and cultural aspects. Beyond the phenomenon, the essay ties up the factors of causes to analyze a deeper understanding of social problems in Japan: under female objectification, it would be difficult to promote total progress in society. Moreover, in the end, it further illustrates how government can be a channel to solve the problems by modifying the loan system and enhancing complete welfare for sex workers.

Child Psychology in the Dance Classroom

Child psychology is a discipline that studies the laws of children’s mental activities, and with the improvement of social standards, the application of psychology in children’s education is becoming more and more widespread. This paper takes children’s psychological development as a fulcrum to gain deep insight into children’s psychological characteristics in dance teaching. Taking children as the research object, it studies the specific application of psychology in the process of children’s dance teaching through its own teaching practice.

The Perpetrator-Centered Narrative of the Holocaust in Social Studies Standards: A Case Study of South Carolina

In this study, I used a critical analysis approach to identify and examine the perpetrator- and victim-centered perspectives within the Holocaust narrative of the 2019 South Carolina Social Studies College- and Career-Ready Standards. Given the recent revision of the standards, I compared the 2019 standards to the 2011 South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards to identify shifts in the prescribed Holocaust narrative. Because the 2019 standards are inquiry-based, I explored the role of perpetrator-centered narratives in relation to inquiry goals. Past studies of the Holocaust in state standards and materials focused on accurate content inclusion. However, using Rubin’s (2020) Jewish critical race framework, this study moves the research in a new direction by examining the text of the Holocaust content in standards for culturally inclusive narratives. The findings of this study indicate that the Holocaust narrative in the 2019 standards was predominantly perpetrator-centered, thereby the marginalization of Jewish voices was embedded in the standards. The findings also demonstrate that developing inquiry-based standards does not guarantee the expulsion of oppressive narratives from standards documents.

What kind of affective citizen? An analysis of state social emotional learning standards

ABSTRACT Emotion plays an important role in how young people acquire the skills, knowledge, and dispositions of engaged citizenship, including being able to empathize, listen to multiple perspectives, and build relationships of solidarity with others. This study investigated how social emotional learning (SEL) standards in 17 U.S. states guided the preparation of youth for affective citizenship. The concept of affective citizenship was used to analyze how SEL standards encourage youth to feel about their fellow citizens, how public behaviors or attitudes are managed, and how emotions can fuel civic engagement to address problems of social injustice. Findings indicated that SEL standards conceptualize emotions as individualized experience, teach students to resolve conflicts through civility and cooperation, and favor individual responses to injustice. Implications are discussed for how to leverage SEL standards alongside social studies content standards to promote justice-oriented affective citizenship in the current socio-political climate.

A Call to Address Gaps in Spiritual Care Education

These scoping reviews challenge the dissonance between policies on the delivery of spiritual care (SC) to clients in institutions and the education required to perform that delivery. The authors discovered a paucity of literature relating to Scotland regarding healthcare support workers’ SC education and little more regarding that for nurses. There were various gaps in the understanding of SC, planning in the curriculum for SC and subsequent learning by students. The conclusion of this article is that as SC is embedded in human rights policy and government health and social care standards, the educational and professional governing bodies should be responsible for ensuring that SC features in all healthcare training, which should include SC assessment in the curriculum as a way of learning and endorsing knowledge. Specialist knowledge should either be available in colleges and universities or brought in to deliver education.

Retracted: Towards sustainable development: How does ESG performance promotes corporate green transformation

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards can stimulate firms' green development by improving the external information landscape. This study investigates the mechanisms through which ESG affects firms' green transformation in China. We identify the positive effects of ESG performance on firms' green innovation and total factor productivity. ESG performance refines the configuration of green innovation and stimulates substantive and ‘source reduction’ green innovation, a linchpin of firms' sustainable development. The mechanisms behind our findings include alleviating financing constraints, mitigating agency problems, and increasing research and development (R&D) investment. Interestingly, the positive effects of ESG performance on firms' green transformation are more pronounced in highly polluting and competitive industries, synergistically complementing formal environmental regulation. Overall, this paper provides a novel vantage point from which to study corporate green transformation and offers practical insights for formulating and improving market-based frameworks for green development.

The Struggle Is Relative: A Comparative Processing Perspective on Academic Self-Concept and Student Mental Health

Academic self-concept (ASC) is a prominent predictor of educational achievement and student mental health. Although it is widely accepted that ASC is fundamentally comparative, little is known about different comparison types driving students’ ASC construal and its impact on mental health. Therefore, we examined whether self-evaluations relative to criteria-based, social, temporal, dimensional, and counterfactual comparison standards represent independent factors that contribute to general ASC. Next, we assessed the association of general ASC and its comparison-based facets with achievement emotions and psychopathology. University students (N=348) completed an online survey of general ASC as well as subordinate comparison-based ASC facets, positive and negative achievement emotions, psychological distress, and symptoms of student burnout. We further assessed comparison frequency, student task values, and achievement levels. Factor analysis indicated that criteria-based, social, temporal, dimensional, and counterfactual standards reflect mainly distinct yet correlated comparison domains. General ASC construal was most strongly based on the criteria-based and social facets. Favourable general ASC predicted lower learning-related anxiety, psychological distress, and student burnout. Largely similar correlations emerged for all comparison-based ASC facets, whereby the criteria-based and social facets were particularly strong predictors of learning-related anxiety. Our findings support the view that ASC construal relies on comparisons with multiple standards. Criteria-based and social comparisons were particularly dominant and may be the main drivers of learning-related anxiety. Carefully designed follow-up studies with longitudinal designs and interventions are warranted.

The Illustration of Thatcher's Theatre in Caryl Churchill's Serious Money: A social Feminist study"

Caryl Churchill 's work marks by a deep contribution to both feminism and socialism, as well as a desire to do different experience. She credits with reshaping modern theatre and introducing new subjects matter ideas. Her systematically experimental plays integrate an examination of gender with the social disparity in British society. Churchill performs a major role in the development of modern feminist stage by putting women at the forefront of theatrical activity and discussing a wide variety of socio-feminist concerns . This study aims to question the prevailing social philosophy at the time and displays a strong women that defy patriarchal society and disrupt gender conventions to gain power. Churchill intends to portray women's condition under Thatcher's regime . As in a patriarchal society, women must be obedient, reliant, subservient according to traditional norms and social standards, and they should stay under patriarchal domination by staying at home to raise children without the freedom to study, work, or even to be successful and independent person. Therefore , Churchill wants to examine the success of Margaret Thatcher in the patriarchal society and the consequences of her regime on women circumstances . This study hypothesizes that Churchill has affected by Thatcherism in her era and this influences her style of writings. This paper starts with an introduction of Thatcher's regime and Serious money play , then follows the methodology of the study and the discussion comes afterwards and it ends with a conclusion that points out the results of discussion .

Does engagement in international alliances affect a firm’s influence on domestic standard-setting? The moderating role of government–market relations

ABSTRACT Although international alliances and standard-setting influence (SSI) are crucial for emerging economy firms to gain competitive advantages, research on their relationship is scarce. To address this gap, we explore the relationships between a firm’s position in an international alliance network and its SSI based on the literature on social networks, international alliances, and standardisation. We conduct an empirical analysis using a sample of 311 Chinese-listed firms from 2005 to 2016 to test hypotheses. Our findings show that: (1) a firm’s position in an international alliance network affects its SSI, and the effect varies with the subnational institutional environment in which the firm is located; (2) a U-shaped relationship exists between firms’ network centrality and SSI, but the relationship between spanning structural holes and SSI is an inverted U-shape; and (3) regional government–market relations weaken these nonlinear relationships. Associated theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Smart Mixes for Sustainable Value Chain Management: An Evaluation of the Conflict Minerals, Palm Oil, and Green Bonds Sectors.

Fragmented governance of international value chains, operating in multiple jurisdictions, is insufficient to prevent social and environmental mismanagement. Smart Mixes, which are combinations of compulsory and voluntary measures, have been proposed as a possible means of securing environmental and social standards, but the concept has not been operationalized in the academic literature. We aim to identify the factors that have contributed to, or hindered, the performance of existing Smart Mixes in three international value chains (conflict minerals, palm oil, and bonds) using data from interviews with 32 experts, supplemented by a literature review. The results suggest that Smart Mixes are effective when they cover a specific issue under conditions in which enforcement mechanisms create a level playing field: thereby aligning public and private sector interests. The keys to success in a Smart Mix include positive interactions, harmonization, and complementary and supportive measures, which combine to motivate engagement by the private sector. We conclude that Smart Mixes can contribute to sustainability in value chains but their effectiveness is dependent on the strength of the relationships between the measures that compose them.

Fast fashion versus circular economy: an exciting match?

Fast Fashion is an extremely successful business model that brings apparel and home textiles to the market in ever shorter lead times at ever lower prices. On the one hand, this can be seen as extremely consumer-friendly, as customers can afford top-styled clothing that is always in line with the latest trends, even on a small budget. The opportunity to dress fashionably therefore does not remain a privilege of high earners. On the other hand, the production of fast fashion takes place without compliance with social and environmental standards. It's all about producing as cheaply and quickly as possible. In the EU, the linear economic model is currently being transformed into a circular one. This development does not stop at the textile sector. The textile industry is obliged to bring more durable products onto the market, to comply with social and environmental standards, and to recycle a high proportion of the textiles at the end of their life cycle. In this communication it is shown that fast fashion leads to an uncontrolled growth of textile production and that recycling alone cannot be the solution. The only way is to tackle the problem at its roots and not to regard waste prevention as just an empty phrase. It is obvious that fast fashion and the circular economy are not compatible and that there can only be one winner.

Impact of Cultural Norms and Social Expectations for Shaping Gender Disparities in Educational Attainment in Pakistan

This quantitative study explores the complex phenomenon between societal expectations and cultural norms for shaping gender discrimination and further investigates the factors that affect gender differences in educational attainment in Pakistan. There are still large gender differences in the educational environment in Pakistan, and these issues have been raised with time. The goal of this research is to present a thorough investigation of the underlying causes of these differences, with an emphasis on the influence of societal standards and cultural expectations. This study is based on a quantitative approach with pertinent primary data gathering through surveys. Data on attitudes, beliefs, and practices about gender and education have been collected through a survey of a representative sample of Pakistani families and educational institutions. In addition to this quantitative data for collecting the gender gaps, qualitative interviews with important stakeholders were also conducted. This research tries to discover significant drivers of gender gaps in educational attainment by examining the links between variables such as parental expectations, cultural attitudes regarding gender roles, access to resources, and educational results. The results of the study anticipated and concluded that social norms and cultural standards affect Pakistani students' decisions and performance in school. Additionally, the study recommended insightful information to educational institutions and policymakers for the purpose of creating focused interventions that will address these discrepancies and solve the gender equality issues in education.

유아교사와 부모의 관계에서 교권침해 경험의 현상학적 연구

Objectives Essentially understand the experience and phenomenon of teacher rights infringement cases in the relationship between kindergarten and daycare center teachers and their parents, derive the experience and coping process of teacher rights infringement, experience in solving, and demands for improvement plans through interviews and in-depth techniques, and effectively in the educational field application was proposed.
 Methods Fourteen teachers with experience of teaching rights infringement at kindergartens and daycare centers located in Incheon were selected as the study subjects. The research data collection was conducted from June 2, 2023 to June 27, 2023 through focus group interviews, one-on-one interviews, group face-to-face interactions, and web-based interactions tailored to the circumstances of the research participants, and qualitative data analysis procedures According to the phenomenological research method of interpretation, coding, and classification, it was analyzed.
 Results The experiences of teacher rights infringement were ‘infringement of teacher authority experienced by parents’, ‘experience of power abuse as a target for venting anger from parents’, ‘experience of helplessness and realistic fear coming from situational limitations’, ‘harsh social standards for early childhood teachers’, infringement of teacher authority The coping process was ‘things that early childhood teachers should strive to establish teaching rights’, ‘experiences of dealing with when they felt infringed on teaching rights’, and ‘factors hindering the establishment of teaching rights by early childhood teachers’. Efforts to establish teacher authority' and ‘preparation of measures to establish teacher authority’ were found.
 Conclusions The significance of this research is that it pays attention to the experience and coping process of kindergarten and daycare teachers who have been infringed upon by their parents, applies a phenomenological research method to deeply explore the essential meaning of the experienced phenomenon, examines the experience of teacher rights infringement, and proposes improvement measures. have meaning Expecting to help prepare effective support measures for kindergartens and day care centers, social implications for recognition of early childhood teachers' teacher status, establishment of teaching rights from early childhood education, and punishment for reporting child abuse without complaint were suggested.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ КОНЦЕПТ БІХЕВІОРИСТИЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ДОХОДІВ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ

This study draws attention to a novel approach to shaping the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine. To shed light on the situation concerning revenue formation, a quick analysis of Ukraine's key macroeconomic indicators, including budget revenues from 2017 to 2021, was conducted. As a result, trends in the dynamics of GDP, essential social standards, inflation, average wages, and the unemployment rate were revealed. It was highlighted that in some years, the minimum pension level was lower than the inflation rate, which is a concerning development. The behavioral approach, with specific reference to the application of its individual provisions in the budgeting process, is explained in detail. An interpretation of the key concepts of this approach, encompassing economic activity and economic interests, is provided. It is argued that the application of the behavioral approach allows for the identification of motives behind inefficient income planning at various stages of State Budget preparation. Furthermore, it enables the consolidation of the motivational interests of specific participants in the budget project. An important advantage of this approach is the potential to formulate preventive measures to mitigate corruption issues during the various stages of the budget process. The primary components of the financial concept were developed utilizing relevant theoretical constructs in revenue formation for the budget. This concept consists of six parts, which include fundamental theoretical constructs, taking into account the psychological traits of the Ukrainian populace, identifying reserves in State Budget revenues, risk mitigation, enhancing the revenue mechanism, and increasing the involvement of public organizations in the budget process. The rationale for employing fundamental theoretical constructs in the budget preparation process, notably new monetarism, sustainable development, neoclassical synthesis, and the theory of happiness, is discussed. Special attention is given to considering the psychological characteristics of the Ukrainian people, which can aid in the development of optimal budget revenues. To mitigate potential revenue shortfalls, preventive measures are proposed. Notably, there's a strong emphasis on improving the mechanism for revenue formation and collection, underscoring the need to enhance the accountability of regulatory body personnel. The wisdom of increasing the participation of public entities in the budget process is justified. Furthermore, it is recommended that reasoned proposals regarding budget revenues be submitted by scientific institutions, sector-specific public organizations, and analytical agencies. In conclusion, it is posited that the proposed financial concept, grounded in a behavioral approach and accounting for the realities of the Postmodern era, will contribute to an increase in revenues for the State Budget of Ukraine.