Social Sense Research Articles

Eye did this! Sense of agency in eye movements

This study investigates the sense of agency (SoA) for saccades with implicit and explicit agency measures. In two eye tracking experiments, participants moved their eyes towards on-screen stimuli that subsequently changed color. Participants then either reproduced the temporal interval between saccade and color-change (Experiment 1) or reported the time points of these events with an auditory Libet clock (Experiment 2) to measure temporal binding effects as implicit indices of SoA. Participants were either made to believe to exert control over the color change or not (agency manipulation). Explicit ratings indicated that the manipulation of causal beliefs and hence agency was successful. However, temporal binding was only evident for caused effects, and only when a sufficiently sensitive procedure was used (auditory Libet clock). This suggests a feebler connection between temporal binding and SoA than previously proposed. The results also provide evidence for a relatively fast acquisition of sense of agency for previously never experienced types of action-effect associations. This indicates that the underlying processes of action control may be rooted in more intricate and adaptable cognitive models than previously thought. Oculomotor SoA as addressed in the present study presumably represents an important cognitive foundation of gaze-based social interaction (social sense of agency) or gaze-based human-machine interaction scenarios. Public significance statementIn this study, sense of agency for eye movements in the non-social domain is investigated in detail, using both explicit and implicit measures. Therefore, it offers novel and specific insights into comprehending sense of agency concerning effects induced by eye movements, as well as broader insights into agency pertaining to entirely newly acquired types of action-effect associations. Oculomotor sense of agency presumably represents an important cognitive foundation of gaze-based social interaction (social agency) or gaze-based human-machine interaction scenarios. Due to peculiarities of the oculomotor domain such as the varying degree of volitional control, eye movements could provide new information regarding more general theories of sense of agency in future research.

The potential of collaborative housing to tackle the social deficit of housing: the Chilean case

In recent decades, various programs have been developed as part of Chile’s housing policies to respond to the housing deficit. Most policies have so far focused on addressing the quantitative, qualitative, and urban deficits, neglecting the social dimension of housing. At the same time, the concept of collaborative housing has been referred to as a possible alternative to respond to these social challenges by fostering social cohesion, collaboration, and mutual aid. This article explores how collaborative housing can tackle the social deficit of housing. Here, we conceptualise this deficit as ‘the lack of non-physical or intangible social characteristics given among residents of a project, such as trust, social cohesion, and a sense of community, necessary for housing to be considered adequate.’ We examined the relation between these two concepts by developing a theoretical and empirical study. The first consisted of a theoretical framework and a review of literature on collaborative housing’s response to the social deficit of housing. Second, we interviewed stakeholders from two study cases. We found that residents in both collaborative housing cases perceive an improvement in their social interactions, sociability, trust, and sense of community in their current homes compared to previous homes. Therefore, we conclude that collaborative housing presents opportunities to tackle the social deficit of housing.

Transitional Age: Artisans of Reims in Early Modern Times

Using the statutes of craft and trade corporations in Reims, the author examines the relationship between different ways of assessing a person’s age and the age criteria that determined the transition from apprentice and journeyman to master, workshop owner, teacher, and official in authority. Set by specific numbers and correlated with such characteristics as education, family and financial status, etc., age criteria identified people who were not «adult» enough in the biological and social sense, limiting their access to corporate privileges. Further, it was no longer age, but other criteria (owning a workshop, having a family, economic independence) allowed to exclude craftsmen who had this title, but did not meet it, from the «senior» members of the corporation.

Territory of Children’s Female Bedroom at Pesantren Al Hikmah II Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Pesantren is one of the places of choice for parents to educate their children with the hope that their children will one day get success in the world and the hereafter. but the age of children who tend to still depend on their parents will certainly regulate their behavior towards their environment to achieve their quality of life. The behavior of the territoriality of the child’s space in the boarding school is interesting to study how these children achieve their quality of life. The purpose of this research is to identify children’s behavior towards space settings, identify factors that form children’s space territoriality, and then find the concept of children’s space territoriality in pesantren in order to achieve quality of life. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a rationalistic approach. The scope of environmental and behavioral studies (EBS) research is about the relationship between human behavior and the environment. The results of the study show that the girls’ dormitory space area is included in the primary territory category because it is related to personal activities. Factors forming territoriality in a room are personal (personality, age, and gender), situational (physical order, time, distance, activity, rules, and comfort), and socio-cultural (rules, language, diversity of resident activities, and social sense).

Перфоманс субжанра «гандз» и поэтика как тактика

The article aims to show one of the crucial features of religious lyrics: cyclicity and network as a poetic feature. A crucial subgenre in this regard is represented by the works called “gandz” and the Gandzaran anthologies they compose, viewed in the context of historical, ecclesiastical liturgical ritual and practice, and medieval religious life. Networking in this article refers to the means, images, and narratives transferred between different genres and subgenres used for the same purpose, which create the paradigmatic image of the liturgical texts of the Christian Middle Ages. The article analyzes the dynamics operating in the network system of different texts and how the characteristic units of different texts become the most significant component of the poetics of the “Gandz” subgenre. The article analyzes the functionality of the “gandz” subgenre in the literary and social sense, its performance, the historical context of its origin and development, its paradigmatic significance in Armenian medieval literature, and its being a network unit in the theological context. One of the crucial aspects of the article is the study of the interaction between gandz and sermon based on their similar social function.

Analyzing political party positions through multi-language twitter text embeddings.

Traditional monolingual word embedding models transform words into high-dimensional vectors which represent semantics relations between words as relationships between vectors in the high-dimensional space. They serve as productive tools to interpret multifarious aspects of the social world in social science research. Building on the previous research which interprets multifaceted meanings of words by projecting them onto word-level dimensions defined by differences between antonyms, we extend the architecture of establishing word-level cultural dimensions to the sentence level and adopt a Language-agnostic BERT model (LaBSE) to detect position similarities in a multi-language environment. We assess the efficacy of our sentence-level methodology using Twitter data from US politicians, comparing it to the traditional word-level embedding model. We also adopt Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to investigate detailed topics in these tweets and interpret politicians' positions from different angles. In addition, we adopt Twitter data from Spanish politicians and visualize their positions in a multi-language space to analyze position similarities across countries. The results show that our sentence-level methodology outperform traditional word-level model. We also demonstrate that our methodology is effective dealing with fine-sorted themes from the result that political positions towards different topics vary even within the same politicians. Through verification using American and Spanish political datasets, we find that the positioning of American and Spanish politicians on our defined liberal-conservative axis aligns with social common sense, political news, and previous research. Our architecture improves the standard word-level methodology and can be considered as a useful architecture for sentence-level applications in the future.

Особливості підготовки менеджерів в період дії воєнного стану

Today's main task is to preserve the life and health of everyone who resides, lives, works and studies in Ukraine. In the conditions of the war, the Ukrainian education system underwent many different transformations, as the situation in the country constantly required its adaptation to the extraordinary circumstances and needs of society. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the training of managers during the period of martial law. The transformational processes in the field of professional education in martial law conditions were characterized. The accumulated experience of distance education, which was obtained during the pandemic and can be useful in military operations period, was evaluated. It was found that the experience of using distance education provides valuable lessons regarding the organization of effective training of higher education students in conditions of limited opportunities. This experience can be an important reserve for a reliable and effective education system in difficult circumstances such as wartime. Inclusive education is of particular importance in the conditions of martial law and the post-war period. Inclusive education for injured persons provides an opportunity for quality education and contributes to their full social inclusion and sense of self-worth. Such an education emphasizes the capabilities of each person, not limitations. Based on the research results, the professional competencies of managers were proposed, which are based on the principles that allow the professional qualities of future managers to be formed, taking into account the challenges of wartime. The training of future managers must consider the complex and tragic challenges of today, and this involves quick adaptation to changes, profound social responsibility, a global view of international challenges, resource efficiency and rationality when making decisions, and effective crisis management skills. These traits will help future leaders at all levels to be competent and effective in solving our society's most complex challenges.

Dread and the automation of education: From algorithmic anxiety to a new sensibility

Accelerating digitization, algorithmic computation, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, along with the increasing automation of work, communication, and everyday life, are central to critical studies of technology and political economy, as well as to public discourse concerning technology’s role in creating futures. Ongoing transformations in technological capacity have also been scrutinized for their impact on experience, emotion, and culture. Building on David Theo Goldberg’s assertion that “tracking capitalism” creates pervasive dread, this article explores how the digital automation of education, specifically, generates forms of algorithmic anxiety that impact teaching and learning, constraining pedagogical visions of alternative futures. Algorithmic anxiety in education contributes to dread’s proliferation. If dread is the “driving social sensibility” today, and algorithmic anxiety a pedagogical vector of its spread, then a less dreadful education should center an imaginative struggle for new sensibilities.

A study on how gender and stream of studies impact social intelligence of undergraduates in Sri Lanka

Humans are masters at social interaction. The ability to make sense of other people's behavior is essential in people's daily functioning. As a result, they want to know that people's activities are motivated by aims and driven by motives. At present, it has been observed that undergraduates face many issues such as a lack of empathy, suicidal thoughts, and causing disturbances to the peace of the society. This dilemma highlights the need to study social intelligence, especially among undergraduates in Sri Lanka. The present study attempted to determine whether students from different genders and streams of studies show differences, in terms of social intelligence and its related components. The questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from 200 undergraduates from a selected university, in Sri Lanka which includes students from nine faculties. The research gathered responses from 182 students, which is 91%. Descriptive analysis was performed to identify the social intelligence among undergraduates regarding their gender and the subject stream. Inferential analysis was performed to identify the differences in social intelligence among undergraduates concerning their gender and subject stream. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the genders on their total score measuring spiritual intelligence dimensions of cooperativeness, confidence, patience, social environment recognition, tactfulness, memory, and sense of humor, but the genders did tend to differ in sensitivity dimension. It may be observed from the data that undergraduates in the Technology stream are more cooperative than students in other streams. Agriculture faculty undergraduates showed a higher level of confidence in contrast to other students. Commerce students showed more patient than students from other faculties. Nursing students are better than other faculty students at recognizing the social context. Undergraduates in Physical Science appeared to be more tactful than other students. Undergraduates in the Medical faculty displayed a strong sense of humor, while students in the Arts and Culture faculty were found to have a higher memory power than undergraduate students in other faculties.

Prikaz drugih i drukčijih u akadskoj književnoj tradiciji, iz perspektive Emmanuela Levinasa / Portrait of the different and the others in Akkadian literary tradition, from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas

In the paper Portrait of the different and the others in Akkadian literary tradition, from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas, the author will, with the help of literary and historical sources from the Akkadian literary tradition, investigate the existence of the different and the others in Akkadian scripture and in their society. The concept of otherness, within Akkadian society, will be linked to the characters of literary works, their sexual orientation, gender, race, disability, ethnic and national affiliation. Furthermore, due to the fact that this topic is socially determined, it is necessary to present the social groups that are identified as the different and the other, not just in the literary, but also in the social and civilizational sense, that is, in the form of their position in Akkadian society. Based on this, with the help of Levinas’s interpretation of the other and otherness, it will be concluded that the ancient Akkadians were a type of society that successfully integrated the different and the others into their society, and in this way those people were enabled to live a normal and dignified life like other members of their community.

Exploration of ideological and political education of “Customs Management Function” course based on PBL teaching method

This article in the “introduction to customs management” in the “customs management functions” of the teaching content as the carrier, the PBL teaching method and ideological and political education depth fusion, explore the course ideological and political education design and implementation, cultivate students good professional ethics, law-abiding and law enforcement consciousness, stimulate students enthusiasm for the profession and Chinese feelings, enhance their loyalty to the Customs, social sense of responsibility, so as to fulfill the corresponding international obligations.

Fee for Reducing Natural Field Retention as an Instrument of Sustainable Public Finance

Theoretical background: Active national fiscal policy is an important determinant of sustainable development. Poland falls below the water security level, which is why natural retention is a particularly important issue, as the poverty of societies begins with a lack of access to water. This also poses a challenge for public finance, which should encourage specific behaviors. As of 1 January 2018, a fee for the reduction of natural land retention is levied in Poland. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the fee for reducing natural field retention as an instrument of sustainable public finance and to assess its fiscal efficiency in terms of its ability to raise public revenue, in particular the revenue of municipalities on the example of cities with county rights in the Silesian Voivodeship. Research methods: The paper draws on literature reviews and the conducted empirical research. Data were collected using the direct method via access to public information. First, an analysis was carried out on the amount of revenue generated from the fee for reducing natural field retention, constituting the income of the State Water Holding – Polish Waters. Subsequently, an analysis was made on the amount of revenue generated from the fee for reducing natural field retention in municipalities with county rights in the Silesian Voivodeship. The study covered the years 2018–2022, i.e. from the introduction of the fee until the last year for which the data are available. Main findings: The fee for reducing natural field retention is a sustainable public finance instrument designed to shape attitudes and influence behavior. Although levying a fee for reducing natural field retention does not solve the problem of insufficient retention, it encourages discussion and implementation of measures to improve it. The mandatory fee is intended to discourage the construction of impervious surfaces and, at the same time, encourage property owners to incorporate retention systems into their construction plans to counteract the lowering of groundwater levels. It is of great importance, not in an economic or fiscal sense (public revenue), but rather in a social sense, by raising public awareness of the problem of natural retention.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SENSE OF CONTROL AND SOCIAL SUPPORT: A CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS

Abstract While it is widely acknowledged that having a sense of control and social support are crucial elements in promoting both physical and mental health among older adults, the relationship between these two factors and how they operate in diverse racial/ethnic settings is still unclear. To address this gap, we examined the bidirectional relationship between sense of control (constraints and mastery) and support received from three different resources (spouses, children, and friends) using cross-lagged panel regression analyses. Participants are White and Black Americans from four waves of Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,846 White; 944 Black). We found racial differences in the cross-over effects between social support and sense of control. In terms of constraints, while White Americans showed negative bidirectional associations between constraints and support from all resources across four waves, such associations were not observed in Black Americans. Additionally, positive bidirectional associations between mastery and support from all resources were found among White participants, whereas Black Americans showed only spill-over effects for mastery and support received from spouse and children across four waves. Notably, Black Americans’ support received from friends positively predicted their mastery across four waves. These findings underline the importance of considering racial/ethnic differences in understanding the complex interplay between social support and sense of control. Future studies should illuminate the causal relation and examine differential mechanisms in White and Black American older adults.

PEOPLE NEED PEOPLE: A MIXED METHODS STUDY OF COMPANION CAREGIVERS

Abstract Researchers have found positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) for both formal and informal caregivers, including social connection and sense of purpose. However, few have explored the experience of a novel source of helping individuals age in place: companion caregivers (CC), that is someone who is paid for providing companionship and assistance with everyday tasks that are non-medical. We conducted a descriptive mixed methods study to understand the experience of being a CC. Sixteen CCs who completed 10+ caregiving visits participated in semi-structured interviews and related questionnaires in 2023. Quantitative and qualitative data on CC’s perceptions of the impact of caregiving on their own whole health domains (physical, mental, social, purpose) were analyzed. In addition we examined CC’s perceptions of care recipients’ (CR) unmet social needs, risks in the home, and barriers to CRs achieving improved health domains. Among the cohort, the average age was 53, 63% White, and 31% lived alone. Majority of CCs indicated that they always feel a sense of belonging when with their CRs (n=15) and felt better about themselves after interacting with CRs (n=16). Common PAC across whole health domains emerged, including increased physical activity, improved social connection, and helping others improve CCs’ lives. Common barriers to CRs’ improving their whole health included: decreased social connection, physical limitations, and transportation insecurity. These insights highlight potential benefits for those who might engage in companion caregiving arrangements. More research is needed as new models of caregiving are necessary to meet the demands of our aging population.

PERSONAL FACTORS AFFECTING OLDER ADULTS’ INTERPRETATION OF STRESS: MODERATING ROLE OF DIFFERENT LEISURE TYPES

Abstract Holistic stress model (Nelson & Simmons, 2003; 2011) offers the most updated framework to understand how individuals’ differences in characteristics (e.g., locus of control, optimism, hardiness) determines their interpretation of the given stressor, whether as eustress or distress. However, dearth of literature exists to further validate this framework, and barely any study has been conducted among older adult population. While daily leisure engagement is one of the most valued activities among older adults, which helps them navigate healthy aging process (An et al., 2022), it also has positive relationships with older adults’ sense of control, positive emotions, and resilience (Son et al., 2021). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether individual differences (sense of control, optimism, social support, spiritual belief) have effects on how older adults respond to given stressor and to investigate whether there is a moderating effect of participating in different types of leisure activities. This study used the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data and study participants (n=3,038) aged 64.52 years old on average. Multiple linear regression was used for analyses using SPSS. Findings indicated that higher social support, optimism, and sense of control were significantly associated with lower response to chronic stress, whereas higher spiritual belief was related to higher response to chronic stress. In terms of specific moderator effects, physical leisure was a significant moderator between social support, optimism, sense of control, and spiritual belief and response to chronic stress. Further discussion, implication, and future recommendations will be presented.

Reflections on the first three years of ASRHE

This editorial looks back at the first three years of ASRHE, the journal for Advancing Scholarship and Research in Higher Education. It describes the ethos of ASRHE that is grounded in generous scholarship, based on social praxis, generous mindedness, reciprocity, generous heartedness, and sense of agency. Details on submissions and acceptance rates, evaluation of the review processes and development opportunities are provided. The statistics on readership demonstrate the world-wide attention ASRHE enjoys. Plans for the coming year are outlined and include further development opportunities for the ASRHE reviewer community, research on the effectiveness of the review feedback, as well as plans for working towards a group-review process extension for the OJS journal management system.

Agency and Autonomy as a Learning Outcome: Distinguishing Notions

The article explores conceptual difference between the notions of "autonomy" and "agency" in relation to students' learning outcomes. These concepts are often used as synonyms. We argue that distinguishing between them is more productive for practical pedagogy. Unfolding the essence of agentive action in 9 theoretical theses based on sociological and psychological approaches, we trace its prerequisites and outline the forks where agency and autonomy diverge. Agency implies a desire for change based on a consciously constructed identity and values. Independence focuses on achieving mastery within existing roles and social norms. In a social sense, in the continuity/change pair, independence aims at continuity, while agency aims at change. Distinguishing these concepts will help consciously design learning situations and set realistic learning outcomes. However, can agency be a realistic measurable learning outcome in the conventional sense? Probably not, since it is tied to identity and personal attitudes towards social situations, and will therefore be very individual. Autonomy as a learning outcome is simpler, for ultimately it requires comparing the student's skills to those of an adult. The key factor differentiating autonomy and agency is the nature of the individual's identity--its orientation towards reproducing the existing or towards individual search and change.

ASSISTANCE OF STUDENT LITERACY ACTIVITIES OF UIN K.H. ABDURRAHMAN WAHID FOR EXTRAORDINARY STUDENTS AT SLB PRI PEKALONGAN

The development of the times and technology has had an impact on the personality and self-esteem of today's youth, such as the loss of social sense and concern for others in society. Therefore, there is literacy assistance for FTIK UIN K.H Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan students which aims to foster student awareness in the community, especially education in Special Schools with students with special needs. This community service method includes four stages, namely activity introduction, creativity education, rewarding, and activity documentation. The results of community service show that this activity produces social learning and increases student creativity in creating learning that is appropriate to the situations and conditions of students with special needs. Student creativity created in learning models includes singing learning models, image visualization, origami loving, telling stories, coloring pictures, storytelling, and playing guessing games. Thus, students not only gain new experiences but also ideas and creativity to increase sensitivity in the social environment of society

Transcending the boundaries of mode in online language teaching: A translanguaging perspective on ESL teachers’ synchronous small group online tutorials

The employment of virtual conference tools has created new possibilities for language teaching and learning. Amid the suspension of face-to-face classes at every level of education in most countries globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of teachers and students have to make the transition from classroom-based teaching to synchronous online teaching. The virtual environment is significantly different from the physical classroom; consequently, teachers need to bring with them resources from the classroom context and adapt them to the online teaching context in order to promote effective and real-time interactions with students. This virtual ethnographic study investigates how online English teachers create a translanguaging space by transcending the boundaries of modes from a physical face-to-face teaching context to small group online tutorials in order to mediate students' English language learning. Multimodal Conversation Analysis is employed to analyse the online tutorial data and the analysis is triangulated with the video-stimulated-recall-interviews that are analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings illustrate that the multimodal resources which are typically used in traditional classroom settings by the teachers transcend the boundaries of mode in a social semiotic sense since they are re-enacted in the online tutorial for enhancing the process of online teaching. I argue that such re-enactment highlights online English teachers’ fluid and flexible use of multiple multimodal resources to achieve different pedagogical functions. This study will offer some pedagogical implications to inform the development of a translanguaging pedagogy in an online teaching context.

The effect of self-disclosure on loneliness among patients with coronary heart disease: The chain mediating effect of social support and sense of coherence

BackgroundLoneliness is prevalent in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). It has a serious impact on the physical and mental health and the quality of life of patients with CHD. However, what factors contribute to loneliness and the mechanism of action still need to be explored. ObjectivesTo explore the chain mediating effect among self-disclosure, social support, sense of coherence and loneliness in patients with CHD through a chain mediating model. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 248 patients with CHD from three tertiary hospitals in Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. Self-reported scales were used to assess feelings of loneliness, self-disclosure, social support and sense of coherence. The Amos 26.0 software was used to construct the chain mediating effect. ResultsSelf-disclosure cannot directly affect patients’ loneliness (β = -0.60, P>0.05). Social support and sense of coherence play a significant complete mediating role between self-disclosure and loneliness, with an overall mediating effect value of -0.479. ConclusionSelf-disclosure in CHD patients indirectly affect loneliness through social support and sense of coherence (β = -0.479, P = 0.001). Improving patient self-disclosure and modulation of social support and sense of coherence help reduce in loneliness.