Social Science Community Research Articles

Modelling for condition monitoring: Application to a heat transfer process

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Reflections on writing

B eing published rather extensively, I am accustomed to reviewers' comments, their conflicting suggestions, and other idiosyncrasies. For the most part, like other scholars, I pick my battles and issues with care, being ever cognizant that taking oneself too seriously is a most unattractive attribute. However, recently I have been criticized by several reviewers for using first person pronouns in several research and expository papers. This puzzles me, particularly when I consider the two decades or more of literature written by several feminist, naturalistic, and postmodern scholars urging the social science community to find its voice.l-3 These scholars argue that scientific writers should abandon their fruitless search for objectivity and expose the limitations of the I/eye of the author, by writing in the first person and describing the interaction between what is being observed and who is doing the observing. Amid the widely recognized failure of the social sciences to ground themselves in methods and theoretical commitments that can share the scientificity of the natural sciences, many of our reviewers persist in promoting a traditional social science writing style. This traditional social science writing enhances the authority of the author by making the author disappear, leaving only the impersonal voice of truth speaking--usually in the passive voice. In nursing, as in the other social sciences, scholars have raised this form of

Parameter estimation of an unstable process in the frequency domain

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The Use of Spectral Mixture Analysis to Study Human Incentives, Actions, and Environmental Outcomes

The social science community has given increasing attention to the analysis of multitemporal satellite images in human dimensions of environmental change research. This article provides an overview of how image-processing techniques, such as radiometric calibration and spectral mixture analysis, can be applied. The application of these techniques is vital if the social science community wishes to develop a robust research program that allows the accurate comparison of distant but similar locations. Furthermore, by mapping the institutional landscape, the article demonstrates how social scientists can begin to understand landscape change by carefully relating human incentives to actions and actions to outcomes as measured by a set of multitemporal satellite images.

A Post-Structuralist Review of the Theoretical Literature Surrounding Wife Abuse

Since men's violence toward their partners or wives came to public attention as a major social problem in the 1970s, there has been great variation in the way the social science community has responded, both in terms of defining the issues and in formulating appropriate policy and intervention strategies. This has become one of the most controversial topics in the social sciences, as various schools of thought have sought to implement their perspective. This post-structuralist overview of the theoretical literature seeks to present an account of the different discourses at work within the field of domestic assault and men's violence in the home, to elaborate on the implications of each discourse, and to illuminate the dynamics of conflict and tension that exist within this most controversial area. The cultural constructions and resources being employed within the field are identified and located within the broader cultural heritage of society.

Early Conflicts in Social Work Education

This article explores early conflicts in the creation of professional education for social workers in the nation's first three schools of social work‐the New York School of Philanthropy, the Boston School for Social Workers, and the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. As social workers advocated a shift from on‐the‐job training to systematic professional preparation in the early twentieth century, leaders in the nation's charity, social science, and reform communities sought to shape the emerging schools. Their multiple visions of social work raised fundamental questions about the mission and direction of the nascent social work profession.

Comparison of the new version of thin layer headspace analysis with autogenous generation of the liquid sorbent (TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD) with liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of volatile organohalogen compounds in Liquid Samples

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Optimization of glycine crystallization by the golden section search

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Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration

"We argue that assimilation theory has not lost its utility for the study of contemporary immigration to the United States. In making our case, we review critically the canonical account of assimilation provided by Milton Gordon and others; we refer to Shibutani and Kwan's theory of ethnic stratification to suggest some directions to take in reformulating assimilation theory. We also examine some of the arguments frequently made to distinguish between the earlier mass immigration of Europeans and the immigration of the contemporary era and find them to be inconclusive. Finally, we sift through some of the evidence about the socioeconomic and residential assimilation of recent immigrant groups. Though the record is clearly mixed, we find evidence consistent with the view that assimilation is taking place, albeit unevenly."

Conditions of Successful Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate Conflicts

Since the end of the cold war, foreign policy makers appear to be devoting increasing amounts of energy to containing intrastate conflicts. They are doing so, moreover, with little guidance from the social science community. This article uses data on all third-party interventions into intrastate conflicts since 1944 to assess historical patterns of intervention strategies and their relative success rates. Building on this, it uses a logit analysis to develop prescriptive outlines for future intervention attempts. The results demonstrate that it is the characteristics of the intervention strategy rather than the characteristics of the conflict that largely determine the success of the intervention.

Contending Perspectives on the Economic Development of East Asia: How Does Singapore Fit In?

Over the last two decades or so, a whole string of superlatives have been used by the economics orthodoxy to describe the performance of the East Asian newly-industrialised countries (NICs). Most of the accolades have centred upon that all encompassing measure of economic welfare, the annual rate of growth in the level of GDP per capita, and the market-oriented economic policies that have been implemented to secure these quite startling outcomes. However, not everyone in the social science community has been equally bedazzled by the East Asian success story. Indeed, there are a number of commentators – mainly political scientists and sociologists, and not too many economists – who have been quite sceptical of the developmental process favoured by these nations. As a consequence, there now exists a multiplicity of interpretations and explanations for the rapid development of the East Asian economies – a factor which provides the major focus of this paper.

Adriaan van de Venne's 'Gezicht op de haven van Middelburg', geïdentificeerd als het vertrek van Robert Sidney in 1616

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Nog een schilderij van Gillis Coignet: Judith toont het hoofd van Holofernes aan de inwoners van Bethulië

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The story of the British special migration statistics.

"This paper describes a new data set from the 1991 Census called the Special Migration Statistics. Before release for general use by the U.K. social science and geographic community, it was essential to understand and to thoroughly check the data. This paper reports on the structure of the database and the checks carried out to verify its internal and external consistency. Finally, the paper summarises the pattern of migration revealed by the statistics for two illustrative spatial systems: wards in a large northern city and regions in Great Britain." The focus is on internal migration.

Modernity, Postmodernism, and Pragmatist Inquiry: An Introduction

Postmodernism has been around for decades now, but it was not until the 1980s that social scientists in the United States started paying this intellectual current serious attention. Reasons for such a tardy and decidedly half-hearted reception are several. Postmodernists do not look kindly at the social sciences, accusing the latter of aiding the extant powers and furthering domination in society. They also question the philosophical foundations on which social scientists built their edifice-the very possibility of sound communication, objective reporting, valid generalizations, and theoretical knowledge. Characteristically, symbolic interactionists were among the first in the social science community to join issue with postmodernism (e.g., Farberman 1980,1991,1992; Denzin l986,1989,1990a, 1990b, 1990c, 1991,1992; Clough l989,1992a, 1992b; Krug and Laurel 1989; Katovich and MacMurray 1991; Kotarba 1991; Manning 1991, 1993; Fontana and Preston 1 990; Fontana 1 991 ; Shalin 1 991 ; Young 1991 ; Fee 1992). Their somewhat marginal position in academia might have something to do with this. The issues that symbolic interactionism has highlighted since its inception and that assured its maverick status in American sociology bear some uncanny resemblance to the themes championed by postmodernist thinkers. Thus, interactionists have rejected the subject-object dualism, spectator's theory of knowledge, and correspondence theory of truth, opting instead for the subject-object relativity, participant observation, and perspectival approach to truth. The postmodernist critique of formal logic, positivism, and scientism also strikes a responsive cord with interactionist sociologists, as does

If Pornography Is the Theory, Is Inequality the Practice?

This article critically examines the 1992 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on pornography (Butler v. the Queen). The decision, like the LEAF (Legal Education Action Fund), argues that the dehumanizing and degrading images of women in pornography undermine the achievement of gender equality and reinforce existing inequality. Section 15 of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms takes precedence over Section 2(b) freedom of expression. More immediately, Section 163(8) of the Criminal Code of Canada remains the primary instrument for dealing with pornography. These arguments fail to distinguish between degradation and devaluation; they offer no evidence of a connection between pornography and its effects on gender stratification, nor do they feel obliged to offer such evidence despite the extensive literature on inequality by the social science community. Citing the Sears-Roebuck case on gender discrimination, the author demonstrates that the enemy of gender equality is the stereotype of the idealized traditional woman, not the one-dimensional lust-driven nymphomaniac of pornography. Her opposite is not the "stud" of pornography who is in a constant state of tumescence but "economic man" who sublimates his sexual passion in sports, cars, politics, and money. Censorship, it is suggested, infantilizes women and contributes to their dependency. The article comments on the doctrine of "balancing" rights and on the meaning of "equality" within a feminist context. The larger questions of a trend toward the legalization of cultural issues and the role of the judiciary (weak in European democracies but strong in the American tradition) are raised.

Knowledge-based Systems: Another Data Approach for Social Scientists?

Social science data are mainly understood as rectangular case-by-variable data sets that will be analyzed statistically on the basis of an individual epistemology. On the other hand, interpretation methods focus on single cases that are treated as typical examples. Knowledge-based systems are suited for processing expert strategies together with real-world facts. Thus we find suggestions for expert systems not only for social decision support and methodological advice but also for integration of theoretical research results, explanation of nonmeasured causal factors, and selection and interpretation of individual or composite cases. An example of the latter is Akcess, a system that analyzes bibliographic data on the social science community by means of network knowledge. Keywords: knowledge-based systems, expert systems, social research, data analysis, hermeneutics.

What Have Canadian Economists Been Doing for the Past Twenty-Five Years?

This paper attempts a quantitative survey of the research activities of Canadian economists during the twent.y-five years since Tony Scott described the anatomy of the Canadian social science community in his 1967 presidential address to the Canadian Political Science Association, the meetings during which this association was founded. My focus is on the research activities of Canadian economists, drawing on data from the Canadian Economics Association (CEA) membership directory, from publications noted by the Journal of Economic Literature from 1969 through 1990, and from economics research grants awarded from 1969 through 1990, at first by the Canada Council and from 1979 on by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The paper will start with some rough demographic information about who the economic researchers are and how their numbers have changed over the past twenty-five years. The first of the two main sections to follow will deal with the research activities of PH 1)-trained economists who were members of the CEA in 1990 and have published once or more in the journals and books whose contents have been noted in the Journal of Economic Literature. The focus will then turn to the research projects financed by the Canada Council and SSHRCC, and to preliminary assessment of the links between the research grants and research publications,

From the Webbs to Scullin: The Appearance of Industrial Relations as a Branch of Knowledge in Australia

Coined in the UK in the 1880s and achieving widespread currency in the USA by the second decade of the new century, the concept of industrial relations was introduced in Australia during the 1920s. It gained acceptance as an umbrella term denoting a range of policies and strategies in the field of labour capital relations which came to be created and administered by an identifiable network of experts although its usage was not as common as elsewhere in the Anglophone world. An industrial relations 'community' appeared in the 1920s as initiatives for the 'reform' of industrial relations accelerated the professionalisation of labour handling and at the same time stimulated the demand for learned comment on labour problems.1 A noticeable increase in 'industrial relations' as an area of intellectual production in Australia occurred in the 1920s with the appearance of quasi specialist writers on the topic catering for an audience and patronage network among public servants, politi cians, businessmen and the social science community in general. The use of the concept of industrial relations grew out of the need to synthesise knowledge of new develop ments in the organisation and handling of labour. It served as a brand label for a never rigourously defined field of labour studies and practice imported from the United States and Great Britain and first appearing in Progressive and Fabian circles. Without an a priori and abstract schema of contents, the industrial relations field was based on three broad approaches: a focus on worker organisations both of the trade union and more informal factory council type, pluralist concern with industrial equity and the protection of manual workers, and a reformist agenda designed to strengthen worker organisations and to limit employer prerogatives but not to abolish them. In Australia, the acclimatisation of 'industrial relations' was associated with the industrial council

Transitional Politics of Korea, 1987-1992: Activation of Civil Society

IVAD EMIC DISCOURSE in the Korean social science community during e early 1980s and up to the mid-1980s tended to focus upon the state; for instance, the role of the state in industrialization, its relations with big capital, its relations with labor, and its general character in Korean society.' However, in the wake of a democratic transition in South Korea during the period 1987-1992, one of the major scholarly debates in Korea has centered on changing relations between state and civil society.2 The main elements in transitional politics from an authoritarian regime to a would-be democratizing government during the Roh Tae Woo presidency involved liberalization of the regime, activation of the civil society, and the relative weakening of the state. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze contemporary Korean politics highlighting activities of the civil society. Lately, many Korean social scientists have instigated stimulating and often controversial debates concerning civil society in Korea.3 Some put a great deal of emphasis on the significance of an emerging civil society and its potential role