Social Restrictions Policy Research Articles

FACTORS INFLUENCING PATIENTS’ REVISIT INTENTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: COVID-19 was declared a community health emergency, prompting the Indonesian government to implement a large-scale social restriction policy on March 2022. As a result, the number of patient visits to the Public Health Center (PHC) decreased. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the revisit intention of patients at PHC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This observational study was conducted at PHC XYZ in West Jakarta in September and October 2022 using a cross-sectional approach. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed to select 244 samples. The data collected through a questionnaire with 37 questions were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Results: Government trust and trust in healthcare facilities positively affect revisit intention, with t-statistics of 4.816 and 0.003 as well as a p-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, perceived crowding and health risk, reputation, self-confidence, familiarity, and brand image did not significantly influence revisit intention at the PHC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: This study showed that trust in government and healthcare facilities affects the revisit intention of patients. Patients trust that the Government can overcome COVID-19 and that PHC can be trusted during COVID-19 has a positive influence on patients' intention to revisit. It is important to identify the factors influencing revisit intention at PHC during the pandemic because PHC has a role as a primary healthcare service. Keywords: COVID-19, government trust, Public Health Center, revisit Intention, trust

Pandemi Covid-19 dan Keberlanjutan Bisnis Mikro-Kecil di Kota Sejarah Gastronomi: Pendekatan Penghidupan Berkelanjutan

The Covid-19 pandemic causes challenges and threats to micro and small businesses' unsustainability. This study aims to describe the dynamics of micro and small business actors in maintaining business continuity based on a sustainable livelihood framework. This research is located in Salatiga City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative, with a case study approach to traditional culinary businesses and coffee shops. These findings indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic urges the government to take a Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy to the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) policy. Also, the obligation to implement health protocols to Clean, Health, Safety, and Environment (CHSE) certification for food and beverage businesses. The policy has limited the mobility and access capabilities of traditional culinary business entrepreneurs and coffee shops to social capital and financial capital, as observed by several culinary businesses and coffee shops that showed a quiet condition of visitors during the PPKM in force. To maintain business continuity during the pandemic, coffee shop entrepreneurs innovate products and business processes by utilizing digital platforms for online marketing; some culinary businesses and coffee shops use service on-demand applications to market food and beverages so that they can be accessed by buyers and still earn income during the PPKM applies. Thus, it shows that diversification and intensification are needed to support sustainable businesses and livelihoods during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Impact Of Work Family Conflict, Workload And Transformational Leadership On Student Burnout, University Of Mercu Buana Jakarta

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of work-family conflict, workload and transformational leadership on student burnout at Mercu Buana University Jakarta. The background of the research is that due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many people have to be patient to stay at home and work from home or Work from Home (WFH), the extended large-scale social restriction (PSBB) policy and the homecoming ban have resulted in companies extending WFH for their employees. In this study, the authors took 33,496 students from Mercu Buana University Jakarta and the number of samples to be taken using slovin calculations was 100 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study by conducting a survey directly on the object of research, namely the University of Mercu Buana Jakarta. The data analysis method used in this research is the Component or Variance Based Structural Equation Model. The data processing uses the Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) version 3.0 PLS program. PLS (Partial Least Square) is an alternative model of covariance-based SEM. PLS can be used to confirm the theory; besides that, it can be used to explain whether or not there is a relationship between latent variables. The desired results develop concepts and models that are more integrated and can find unequivocal and consistent results and contradictions. This study found that work-family conflict and workload had a positive and significant effect on burnout. Meanwhile, transformational leadership was found to have a negative and significant impact on burnout. The results of this study can contribute to practical and academic fields.

OPERATION ZENI TNI-AD IN FACING BIOLOGICAL THREATS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHEN THE COUNTRY'S DEFENSE

The involvement of the military defense function in the face of non-military threats is indirect and prioritizes the deterrence function. But on a certain scale, military defense can be engaged in a more concrete form on the basis of government political decisions or at the request of the main non-military elements that need it, for example in overcoming widespread disease outbreaks and in overcoming the impact of natural disasters or search and rescue (SAR). The worldwide Covid-19 pandemic is a form of Nubika threat that is not clear about the causative factor, but has a tremendous impact, and has increased awareness and awareness of the world community, including Indonesia, about how terrible and tragic nubika's danger is to the safety of the nation and country, even the world. The Covid-19 pandemic until 2021 is not over and the emergence of new variants has caused the spread of the virus to be faster and wider in various countries. The Indonesian government continues to strive to reduce the rate of virus transmission through various social restriction policies, including involving the TNI in assisting in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. One of them is the involvement of the Pusziad Army Explosives Taming Zeni Company (Kizi Nubika) as the only strategic unit in the Indonesian Army that specifically addresses the dangers of Nubika The biological threat can be an asymmetric war and is a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. Infectious diseases and harmful biological materials can spread and have a detrimental impact on ecosystems and economies. The Indonesian Army (Army) is expected to become a major force in dealing with biological threats through the development of capabilities and capabilities in the field of bioskills, including understanding of zoonoses, epidemiology, early detection, prevention, control, and recovery from biological threats. The Indonesian Army is also expected to cooperate with various parties, including governments, international organizations, and the scientific community, in efforts to control biological threats

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INCREASING LABOR INCOME IN EAST JAWA

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced the Government to set a large-scale social restriction policy. This policy impacts all areas of life, including economic growth and employment in East Java, especially income sustainability. This study aimed to identify the influence of sociodemography on the increase in worker income during the Covid-19 period in East Java. The data from this study is secondary data from the results of SAKERNAS 2020 obtained from BPS. The data were analyzed using the Multiple Regression Analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the dependent variable, Covid, Gender, Age, Working Hours, Work From Home, Internet, Promotion, Formal Sector, and transactions significantly affect workers' income during the pandemic. In contrast, the dependent variable communication does not substantially affect workers' pay during the pandemic.

Organizational Behaviour through Human Resource Management and Performance During and Post-Pandemic COVID-19

March 2, 2020, was the first time that positive cases of COVID-19 were detected in Indonesia. From then on COVID-19 cases continued to increase, therefore on April 17, 2020, the Government officially issued a PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy for the Education and industrial sectors which caused schools to carry out online learning and many industries were threatened with going out of business. This also certainly has an impact on the process of social interaction, organization, human resource management, and worker performance. Therefore, this research has the objective of identifying the differences in organizational methods and employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and literature study by collecting data from employees of various industries to be used as a comparison and using several sources such as online media, social media, and books. The outcome of this research will be used as a step to improve organizational methods, performance improvement, and employee proficiencies in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era as it is today. The aim of this study is to analyze the difference in organizational behavior and performance in companies and institutions during the pandemic and post-pandemic COVID 19, which at that time a large number of workers totally made changes to the way they worked and communicated. The method used to collect data in this research is descriptive qualitative, by conducting interviews with 10 resources from several sectors or institutions. The results found that bank officers are not suitable to work online because it can affect the company's revenue. Meanwhile, police officer and medical representatives are doing work as normal but the quantity of services are restricted and for the IT consultant employees, entrepreneurs, and businessman, the work can be done online or offline. While conducting the interviews, some interviewees suggested ideas to improve the method of organization, improve performance and achieve optimal outcomes for the work or services they provide, such as getting more familiar with the hybrid work system, arranging sharing sessions between divisions, providing activities outside of work designed for refreshing and tightening relationships with co-workers. During and post-pandemic conditions, it can be concluded that employees who previously had problems doing their jobs and communicating with co-workers and clients, started to improve their performance, organizational and communication skills to get back to normal. Through this research, it is expected that we all can overcome the effects of the pandemic that cause decreased productivity, restricted social interactions and other negative outcomes. May this research be able to help the people around us to improve things that were postponed or interrupted during the pandemic.

PENGARUH FASILITASI PROMOSI DAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH

This study aims to investigate the effect of promotion and marketing facilitation on the performance of MSMEs as measured by revenue streams for a year. Promotion and marketing facilitation of MSMEs is carried out through SMESCO, which is a work unit under the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs which aims to expand MSME market access both nationally and globally. Promotion and marketing facilitation activities consists of intensive promotion and marketing through offline and online media, implementation of promotional events, marketing partnership cooperation and is supported by increasing the capacity of MSMEs human resources and financing loan facilities. Previous studies have shown that there is a positive and significant influence between promotion, use of online media and partnerships with increasing MSMEs revenue. Through the panel data regression analysis method using the fixed effect estimation model, results can be obtained which state that there is a positive and significant influence between promotion intensity both offline and online, the implementation of promotional events and the implementation of marketing partnership cooperation carried out by SMESCO on the performance of MSMEs as measured by revenue streams. In addition, increasing the capacity of human resources, financing loans and the number of other agencies that also provide guidance to MSMEs as a control variable also has a positive and significant influence on MSMEs revenue. However, the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative and significant impact on MSMEs revenue.

Religious Organization Capacity in Governing Social Distancing in Indonesia

This study aims to provide an analysis of the governance of social restriction policies by Islamic social organizations as an act of religious moderation and an effort to suppress the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Indonesia through a socio-religious perspective. The worship activities of the Muslim community are identical to gathering masses or congregations, the social intensity in these religious activities is a contradiction of government policies related to social distancing. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with literature study method. NU as the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia takes a role in administering social restrictions, including efforts to prevent the spread of other viruses. The steps taken by NU show how the Islamic organization has become the trust of the community and government partners in spreading the public agenda.

Model of MSME Digital Marketing through for Biopharmaceutical Products

Sleman Regency has more than 50 traditional markets and also a variety of MSME business and there are more than 18,293 accommodation, food and beverage business sectors that are developing. Mobile-based information technology is urgently needed as a medium that supports efforts to promote and market MSME products, especially traditional culinary products, in this case processed products of Biopharmaca plants. The existence of a social restriction policy due to the COVID-19 pandemic requires the public to recognize technology as a medium of socialization towards digitalization. Thus, a mobile-based application is needed as a meeting place for sellers and buyers specifically for local Sleman products. Digital innovation has an impact on increasing the income and economy of MSME actors in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Change in Food Consumption Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Surakarta City

The uncontrolled COVID-19 transmission has changed the socio-demographic conditions of households in Surakarta City. These changes influenced households’ decisions on spending and consumption due to the implementation of social distancing and mobility restriction policies. Thus, this study aims to (1) identify the socio-demographic characteristics of households, (2) identify food shopping and consumption patterns of households due to COVID-19 and the implementation of the PSBB policy, and (3) estimate the relationship between socio-demographic conditions and food shopping and consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surakarta City. This study collected data from 120 respondents through an online survey from August 2021 to September 2021. The results indicated that households reduced food purchases, often bought food from local stores, and often shopped in small stores. Meanwhile, the change in consumption patterns was the increased frequency of in-home activities, namely eating alone or with family and sparing time to improve cooking habits at home. Through chi-square analysis, changes in households’ shopping and consumption patterns were found to be significant to some socio-demographic characteristics, including age, education level, income, and occupation. The results of this study can provide information to the government to design evidence-based policies during post-pandemic recovery in Surakarta City

Criminal Policy Needed for the Recovery of Socio-Political Conditions for National Resilience Following the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Large-Scale Social Restriction Policy (PSBB), later changed to the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM), prohibits people from gathering. Restrictions on activities inside the community have impacted social life, including law enforcement. Criminal law enforcement must adhere to Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code, which explicitly regulates the stages of criminal law enforcement in Indonesia. All these stages share something in common - a form of face-to-face examination of all subjects of criminal procedural law. Thus, there exists a problem in extraordinary circumstances. This study aims to identify criminal law enforcement policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia to realize the Restoration of the Socio-Political Condition of National Resilience after the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study indicated that Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law as the basis for criminal proceedings (lex generalis) only conducts face-to-face examinations in criminal proceedings. Since COVID-19, there has been no regulation regarding online examinations, thus creating a legal vacuum (rechtsvakum) that needs to be filled. Discretion or criminal policy is needed to overcome problems, so the Attorney General’s Office, the Supreme Court, and the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on April 13, 2020, Award of Cooperation Agreement (PKS) for the Implementation of Trials Through Teleconferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Keywords: Criminal Policy, National Resilience, COVID-19 pandemic

Implementation of Digital Transformation at Al-Mahdi Outlets during the Covid-19 pandemic in Pekanbaru City

Covid entered Indonesia for the first time in March 2020 Covid-19 entered Indonesia for the first time in March 2020, in Indonesia almost every sector has experienced an impact, one of which is the community's economic sector. The economic downturn in Indonesia resulted in a decline. One of the people's economies, namely Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), is impacted by the Covid-19. In this study, the founder of the Al-Mahdi Pekanbaru outlet, namely Dinawati, was founded in 1998 in the city of Pekanbaru. This is the first kemojo cake business in Riau. The outlet produces and markets kemojo cake, a typical food from Riau Province. This business was initiated at the age of 24, after Covid-19 hit Indonesia, it had a negative impact, decreased turnover, termination of employment, increased raw materials, added to the enactment of social distancing and large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). The need to adapt to digital transformation using and utilizing social media in supporting business continuity. In Research Ni Made, et al 2021) This study aims to understand the importance of the right digital transformation model for every SME business, especially in taking advantage of the accelerated momentum due to the social restriction policy imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, because choosing the right model is believed to provide probabilities which is better than a successful transformation. The results of this study are the success in implementing digital transformation by utilizing e-commerce, social media and online transportation such as go-jek with go-food features.

Spatio-temporal analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from Sentinel-5P imageries using Google Earth Engine changes during the COVID-19 social restriction policy in jakarta

The number of cases due to COVID-19 is increasing, especially in Jakarta, requiring the government to establish a policy of social restrictions. The policy impacting the mobility of people using motor vehicles becomes limited, affecting air quality such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). NO2 concentrations can be determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite using Google Earth Engine. This study analyzed NO2 changes and people's mobility in residential and workplace categories through google mobility data in Jakarta spatially and temporally for January 2020 to December 2021. The Pearson's correlation (R) between NO2 from Sentinel-5P imageries and air quality monitoring stations was 0.426–0.736, indicating a moderate to strong correlation with a p-value <0.05. The decrease in NO2 occurred at the beginning of the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) from April 2020 to May 2020 and the Implementation of Restrictions on Social Activities (PPKM) policy from July 2021 to August 2021; it was −11.381 ​μmol/m2 and -23.195 ​μmol/m2, with very low and low mobility in the residential and workplace categories. The area that experienced a change in NO2 increase of 1 ​μmol/m2, the highest occurred from May 2021 to June 2021 ​at 641.571 ​km2. Meanwhile, from November 2020 to December 2020, no area experienced an increase of 1 ​μmol/m2. We discovered that there were a number of anomalies when people's mobility in the residential and workplace category was very high, NO2 actually decreased. This anomaly shows that the decrease in NO2 is influenced by decreased mobility and other factors such as precipitation.

Pandemi Covid 19 dan Pasar Saham di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Kebijakan PPKM Skala Mikro

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit various countries has caused a decline in various sectors: one of them is the economic sector. Social restriction policies affect the level of economic activity and stock prices on major stock market indexes. This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the stock market in Indonesia with the implementation of the Micro-Scale PPKM Policy. This research used secondary data with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 45 companies indexed LQ45. Correlation and regression analysis were used in this study. The results showed that: 1) the growth rate of confirmed cases of COVID-19 had a negative effect on the Indonesian stock market. 2) the recovery rate from COVID-19 has a positive influence on the Indonesian stock market. 3) mortality growth rate is negatively related to stock market returns in Indonesia. Empirical evidence obtained from the results of this study states that COVID-19 has a significant effect on the Indonesian stock market.

Strategic Planning Based on the Impact of Social Support and Social Trust on COVID-19 Risk Response in Formal and Informal Workers

The COVID-19 pandemic has occurred throughout the world, and also in Indonesia. The government try to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by implementing various policies such as the large-scale social restriction (PSBB) policy, as well as other related policies. However, this policy has not been effective in view of the level of the spread of COVID-19 which has not decreased. Lack of public awareness is the cause of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. For this reason, this study examines the effect of social support and social trust on the efficacy response to COVID-19 using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. This factor was chosen because social support is an important aspect of the life of Indonesian society. This research was conducted on formal and informal workers, because workers are still required to have activities outside the home. The results show that social support and social trust are more influential on formal workers than informal workers. Strategy recommendations are compiled based on literature studies. After that, the weighting was done by using a relationship matrix. The results of the relationship matrix are seven prioritized strategies for formal workers, and three prioritized strategies for informal workers.

THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PSBB POLICY ON TRADISONAL MARKETS IN THE CITY OF SURAKARTA

ABSTRACTSince the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia, which began in March 2020, began to spread. The Covid-19 virus has had a significant impact on global conditions, not only in terms of the number of people who have died as a result of contracting the virus but also on the global economy. One of the affected nations, especially economically, is Indonesia. The Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy is one of the government's efforts to reduce the number of people who have become infected with the Covid-19 virus, and its effects are already being felt. The MSME sector of traditional market traders is included in the issued policies.In order to get input and evaluate the government's PSBB policy program or strategy in improving quality and sustainable PSBB regulatory policies, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the PSBB policy that is enforced on Traditional Market traders, including UMKM, during the Covid-19 pandemic.The SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) matrix analysis was used in this study. In Surakarta, the SWOT matrix analysis is used to evaluate opportunities and threats as well as the advantages and disadvantages of government policies toward traditional markets.The research results show the impact that has occurred from the PSBB policy in Traditional Markets during Covid-19 is the decreased purchasing power of consumers resulting in traditional market traders closing their businesses, many are confused about policies that have not been consistent so that the income of traditional market traders has decreased. In overcoming this, the government is working on consistency, better dissemination of Government Policy (PSBB) so that traditional market traders do not experience many losses due to decreased income, as well as training human resources in the field of digital marketing so they are able to work to meet needs. The government is also trying to keep open access to traditional market sales for the economic stability of traditional market traders in the city of Surakarta.Keywords: PSBB, Traditional Market, Human Resources

Reviewing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Performance of Small Industries in South Sumatra

In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus outbreak spread globally and had a negative impact on the economy. The large-scale social restriction policy implemented by the South Sumatra government to contain the development of the virus has had a negative impact on small industries. This study aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on small industries in South Sumatra Province. The data used are primary data from 60 samples of small industries and secondary data sourced from agencies. The analysis technique used is quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the Wilcoxon signed test show that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decline in profits and labor in small industries in South Sumatra Province. Small industries have felt the negative impact of the presence of COVID-19 but they can still survive and it is easy for their businesses to get back on their feet. For this reason, various policies are needed to develop small industries in South Sumatra Province.

PENDAMPINGAN UMKM SALE PISANG MELALUI STRATEGI REPACKAGING, REBRANDING, DAN DIGITAL MARKETING

The MSME population has grown rapidly after the large-scale social restriction policy was enacted. The existence of MSMEs become an alternative economic solution for the community in running the family economy which had been stopped due to the pandemic. However, of the population, only a few survive, and mostly are going bankrupt. This condition is caused by a lack of entrepreneurial concept and the inability to adapt to technological developments. This community service aims to educate one of the MSME actors in Cibokor village through repackaging, rebranding, and digital marketing strategies. This community service lasts for 4 weeks from July 26 - August 26, 2022 with the method used is entrepreneurship assistance to one of the MSME actors, who is engaged in the production of dried banana fritters, which has been running for a long time but has not experienced significant development. As a result of repackaging and rebranding, the product display has now become more attractive and elegant, meanwhile, marketing that previously only relied on conventional marketing strategies has now switched to using digital marketing through the use of social media and marketplaces.

AN OVERVIEW OF ACADEMIC STRESS STUDENTS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS OF MATARAM UNIVERSITY FOR THE 2020 CLASS IN THE PANDEMIC ERA

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit various countries in the world, including Indonesia, which has had a considerable impact on various fields, including the field of education. The government imposed the Large-Scale Social Restriction or PSBB policy solely to reduce the spread of the corona virus so that all activities carried out outside the home must be stopped until the Covid-19 pandemic subsides. As a result, the teaching and learning process must be carried out online from their respective homes in order to minimize the spread of Covid-19. Therefore, first year medical students are more susceptible to stress than second and third year students. This study aims to describe the stress level of pre-clinical first-year medical students at the University of Mataram. This study used a cross-sectional (cross-sectional) research method, namely research conducted by observing for a moment or within a certain period and each study subject only made 1 observation during the study. The number of samples in this study amounted to 115 people. The research instrument used was the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire. Then the results of research based on the MSSQ questionnaire have 6 domains with stressors that dominate the highest stress levels are academic stressors 62 people (53.91%). In the stress level domain, the most dominant is severe stress with the domain having the highest level of severe stress being the academic stressor domain and the one having the highest light stress being the intrapersonal and interpersonal stressor domain, but severe stress still dominates.

EMPOWERMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA THROUGH ONLINE GATHERING

Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, social restriction and lock-down policies were implemented. It has far-reaching implications in many sectors of life including health, particularly in patients with chronic diseases, one of which is Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The purpose of this community service in the form of online gathering is to facilitate patients to ask questions and consult with pediatricians, due to the limitations of patients to consult directly due to the pandemic. Methods: Community service is conducted online for T1DM patients or their relatives on Sunday, September 26, 2021, from 12.00 - 13.30 WIB. The Community service was divided into several stages, including before, during, and after the online gathering. The T1DM patients or their relatives are participants in this community services. The topic are types of Diabetes Mellitus, clinical presentation, disease progression, the diagnostic process, and its management therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Results: The community service was attended by 54 parents of T1DM patient. The online gathering goes smoothly, without being constrained by something. During the online gathering, subjects actively participate in every session during the online gathering. Several questions were asked by the participants and answered well by the speakers. Conclusion: This community services activities allow participant to be able to ask question about their problem according to diabetes mellitus. Participants can consult online with pediatricians. This online gathering has a limited time, so participants can be divided into several breakout rooms with several accompanying pediatricians, so that the QnA session can be done optimally.