Social-psychological Characteristics Research Articles

The importance of green human capital in green logistic processes in Polish enterprises

Due to the high market dynamics, economic and environmental, constantly growing and changing customer needs, each organization is looking for new solutions related to the technology of goods flow, process optimization, aimed at both improving the quality of products and improving their production processes towards reducing their impact on the natural environment. In this context, Green Human Resources (GHR) may become a key factor in the success of greenlogistics (GL), because the success of the company depends in particular on the actions of employees, their knowledge, skills and their use and awareness. Therefore, the goalof the research was to check how the method of managing green human capital influences changes in the functioning of enterprises in selected areas related to the course and quality of logistics processes (including in terms of GL). As research shows, companies use GHR to promote behaviors among employees that increase the ecological efficiency of the entire company, but their share is still negligible. The study was conducted using an electronic survey questionnaire on a group of 200 enterprises. The conducted research showed the relationship between the importance of individual elements of human capital in enterprise strategies and changes in the functioning of enterprises in selected areas related to the course and quality of logistics processes. The following components had the greatest impact on the studied effects: human capital: knowledge, personal and social skills, interpersonal relations and psychological characteristics of employees.

Empathy, Kindness, and Moderation are not Just Formalities in Science

Science is a systematic approach to building and organizing knowledge through testable explanations and predictions. However, since scientists are human beings, they are fallible and subject to various systematic and random biases. The COVID-19 pandemic has definitively unmasked the humanity of scientists, who committed severe communication mistakes or even adhered to conspiracy hypotheses. Indeed, emotionality and rationality (if not epistemic) can foster intellectual dishonesty and compromise the effectiveness of critical thinking. This highlights the importance of the context in which a scientist works, as politeness and respect are essential to maintain lucidity, credibility, and transparency. However, outside of the academic context, many scientists do not behave with the same level of courtesy and carefulness required in scientific publishing. This happens despite communication – which is crucial for scientific investigation, dissemination, and debunking campaigns – being scientifically based on compassion. Specifically, an effective communication plan should be tailored to a specific audience, taking into account their emotional state, cultural and social background, and cognitive and psychological characteristics. The sole purpose must be to help and not to manipulate. Therefore, empathy, kindness, and moderation are essential tools for the success of science, from research to communication and education, and awareness campaigns and training courses should be instituted to promote such a message.

The price of (dis)trust – profiling believers of (dis)information in the Hungarian context

ABSTRACTTaking a person-centered approach – we explored different constellations of social-psychological characteristics associated with (dis)information belief in order to identify distinct subgroups whose (dis)information belief stems from different social or political motives. Hungarian participants (N = 296) judged the accuracy of fake and real news items with a political (pro/anti-government) and nonpolitical narrative. Two profiles of ‘fake news believers’ and two of ‘fake news non-believers’ emerged, with a high conspiracy mentality being the main marker of the former two. These two ‘fake news believers’ profiles were distinguishable: one exhibited extreme trust in the media and in politicians, and the other deep distrust. Our results suggest that not only political distrust, but also excessive trust can be associated with disinformation belief in less democratic social contexts.

Physical activity levels and predictors in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To examine physical activity (PA) of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients and explore the demographic, clinical, and social psychological characteristics associated with PA levels. Methods A total of 246 post-PCI patients from the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China, were included in this crosssectional study through convenience sampling. Data were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. PA was categorized into low, moderate, or high levels. The ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship among demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics. Results The overall prevalence of low, moderate, and high PA was 20%, 70%, and 10%, respectively. For the domain-specific PA patterns, most participants took part in leisure-time PA (84.5%); walking was the most common PA. Increased motivation and selfefficacy, lower monthly income, and unemployment were predictors of high PA. Conclusions PA levels in post-PCI patients was not optimal, and leisure-time PA had the highest participation rate. Analyses of influencing factors can provide medical staff and health workers information to focus on high-risk groups and introduce more tailored interventions. Future studies can explore more regions, and ecological models can be introduced to study more influencing factors.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DESTRUCTIVE MOTIVATION IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL SERVICES

The article presents the social-psychological characteristics of the phenomenon of destructive motivation in the field of social services. The general characterization of the mental states of the persons – recipients of the social services is given. The research question is that the socio-psychological characteristic of the personality represents a set of issues relating to the relationship of the individual with the environment and the mental states of the individual caused by them. Mental states occupy a special place in a person’s life since they directly regulate human behaviour and activity. The purpose of the article is to interpret destructive motivation as a state of low expectations, self-isolation, the behavioural strategy of avoidance and adaptive disorders. The scientific innovation of the article is that mental states can be considered as a result of the level of psychological stability and determining its factor. According to the purpose, the structure of the article is constructed, and the main tasks are revealed to present the perspectives of further investigation of the issue of destructive motivation.

Understanding the effect of adverse childhood experiences on the risk of engaging in physical violence toward an intimate partner: The influence of relationship, social psychological, and sociodemographic contextual risk factors

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) in later life. ObjectiveThis study investigates the association between ACEs and engaging in physical violence toward a romantic partner in emerging adulthood while also accounting for proximal life experiences, including social psychological, intimate relationship, and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants and settingThis study draws on two waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, a 19-year population-based longitudinal cohort study of adolescents transitioning to adulthood from Lucas County, Ohio (United States). This investigation includes 878 (399 men and 479 women) emerging adults. MethodsTo evaluate the association between ACEs and IPV perpetration, two waves of survey data were used, collected in 2001 and 2011–2012. ResultsACEs had a cumulative effect on IPV, where each additional ACE increased the odds of engaging in IPV by 51.0 % (p < 0.001). However, current drug use (OR = 1.131, p < 0.05), arguments between partners (OR = 1.517, p < 0.01), partner mistrust (OR = 1.663, p < 0.001), and jealousy and control (OR = 1.412, p < 0.001) were also significant correlates of IPV reports. ConclusionsACEs are a significant predictor of IPV perpetration among emerging adults, even when accounting for more proximal risk factors. These findings suggest that individuals working with clients who engage in IPV would do well to address the long-term trauma impacts of early life adversity in addition to more proximal risk factors to reduce the risk of continued violence.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENT OF ADOPTION OF JUTE HYV AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS

The Assam Agricultural University, in collaboration with RARS, Shillongani, has introduced high yielding varieties (HYV) of jute to farmers to double their incomes. So, this study was carried out to ascertain the relationship between extent of adoption of High Yielding Jute Verities and their associated practices with Social Economic and Psychological characteristics of the farmers of Nagaon District. Thus, Nagaon sub-division was purposively selected for the study with a dependent variable ‘Extent of Adoption’ and 16 independent variables categorized in different factors viz. socio-economic, personal, communication, and socio-psychological etc. 120 farmers were selected for the study. Interviews were conducted using a pretested schedule, and data was analysed by Chi-Square test, Karl Pearson’ Co-efficient of Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The study revealed that operational land holding, area under jute crop, annual income, extension contact, economic motivation and knowledge level on HYV jute cultivation were found positive and significant relationship with the extent of adoption and accordingly educational level, family type, farming experience, farm machinery and equipment’s, training exposure of the farmers had significant association with extent of adoption of HYV jute varieties. Together, the 16 variables contributed 54.20 % to variation in extent of adoption of high yielding jute varieties.

Causes and legal consequences of deviant behavior

The essence of deviant behavior, the factors leading to it, its varieties and legal consequences are considered. Illegal behavior, immoral acts, various addictions, suicides are all realities of today. Abnormality and deviance become a typical and widespread phenomenon, especially dangerous is the fairly widespread delinquent behavior, as a result of which society gradually sinks into a state of anomie, which is a companion of any crises and social upheavals. This determines the topicality of the topic. Currently, the spread of deviant forms of behavior is facilitated by the crisis state of society, corruption, the war waged by Russia against Ukraine, legal nihilism, and social injustice. Deviant behavior affected the criminalization of society, an increase in crime rates and a change in its structure in the direction of expanding the social base at the expense of deviants, a decrease in public interest in moral issues, an increase in immorality and hypocrisy, and deformation of legal consciousness. Deviance is a relative characteristic associated with the changing standards and social expectations of a community that change in space and time. Social factors are not the only determinants of deviations. Personal factors also lead to deviant behavior, including criminal behavior. The essential determinants of deviant behavior are antisocial personality development, unfavorable social conditions and psychological characteristics of the individual. Marginality is both a prerequisite and a consequence of deviance. Characteristic features of the process of marginalization are a value vacuum, social maladaptation, and social disintegration, manifested in deviation. Marginalization can be a source of social conflicts, delinquent behavior and criminalization of society. The theoretical provisions and conclusions of the article develop and complement a number of sections of the general theory of law, criminology, will contribute to more effective implementation of rights and freedoms, crime prevention and prevention of individual crimes. This is the practical significance of this article.

Exploring the role of socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics on talent development in an English soccer academy

ABSTRACT Social factors and psychological characteristics can influence selection and development in talent pathways. However, the interaction between these two factors is relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the implications of socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics in English academy soccer players (n = 58; aged 11 to 16 years). To assess socioeconomic status, participants’ home postcodes were coded according to each individual’s social classification and credit rating, applying the UK General Registrar Classification system and CameoTM geodemographic database, respectively. Participants also completed the six factor Psychological Characteristics for Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ). A classification of ‘higher-potentials’ (n = 19) and ‘lower-potentials’ (n = 19) were applied through coach potential rankings. Data were standardised using z-scores to eliminate age bias and data were analysed using independent sample t-tests. Results showed that higher-potentials derived from families with significantly lower social classifications (p = 0.014) and reported higher levels for PCDEQ Factor 3 (coping with performance and developmental pressures) (p = 0.007) compared to lower-potentials. This study can be used to support the impetus for researchers and practitioners to consider the role of social factors and psychological characteristics when selecting and developing sporting talent. For example, facilitating player-centred development within an academy and, where necessary, providing individuals with additional support.

Effects of Brief Mindfulness Meditation and Compassion Meditation on Parochial Empathy and Prosocial Behavior Toward Ethnic Out-Group Members.

Relative to the tendency to empathize with and help sociocultural in-group members, there are often social and psychological barriers to responding prosocially toward out-group members. This experiment examined the roles of mindfulness instruction and compassion instruction in fostering prosocial behavior toward an ethnic out-group (non-U.S. Arabs) relative to an ethnic in-group (U.S. residents). The study also examined whether contemplative practices would predict less parochial empathy and whether parochial empathy would mediate the relations between mindfulness/compassion and prosocial behavior toward the out-group. A national sample of n = 450 U.S. residents was recruited online via the Prolific platform using the standard sample function, which distributed the study to available participants on Prolific. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three brief, structurally equivalent audio-recorded instruction conditions: mindfulness meditation, compassion meditation, or a relaxation control, and then completed a series of tasks to assess prosociality toward in- and out-group members. The compassion training was most effective in reducing parochial empathy when controlling for all covariates. The mindfulness training reduced parochial empathy when controlling for in-group empathy, and it led to greater out-group altruism and support for out-group immigration. Parochial empathy predicted out-group altruism; however, it was not a better predictor of support for Arab immigration than trait empathic concern. Training conditions did not differ on support for out-group cause. Exploratory moderation analyses found that those with higher trait empathic concern and intergroup contact quality were more likely to show compassion training and mindfulness training effects, respectively, on support for out-group immigration. Brief compassion training had the strongest effect on parochial empathy, but mindfulness training showed stronger effects on out-group altruism and support for out-group immigration. Predisposing social psychological characteristics may enhance intergroup prosociality among those receiving compassion or mindfulness instruction. This study is preregistered at https://osf.io/rnc97. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-023-02100-z.

Cognitive bias and how to improve sustainable decision making.

The rapid advances of science and technology have provided a large part of the world with all conceivable needs and comfort. However, this welfare comes with serious threats to the planet and many of its inhabitants. An enormous amount of scientific evidence points at global warming, mass destruction of bio-diversity, scarce resources, health risks, and pollution all over the world. These facts are generally acknowledged nowadays, not only by scientists, but also by the majority of politicians and citizens. Nevertheless, this understanding has caused insufficient changes in our decision making and behavior to preserve our natural resources and to prevent upcoming (natural) disasters. In the present study, we try to explain how systematic tendencies or distortions in human judgment and decision-making, known as "cognitive biases," contribute to this situation. A large body of literature shows how cognitive biases affect the outcome of our deliberations. In natural and primordial situations, they may lead to quick, practical, and satisfying decisions, but these decisions may be poor and risky in a broad range of modern, complex, and long-term challenges, like climate change or pandemic prevention. We first briefly present the social-psychological characteristics that are inherent to (or typical for) most sustainability issues. These are: experiential vagueness, long-term effects, complexity and uncertainty, threat of the status quo, threat of social status, personal vs. community interest, and group pressure. For each of these characteristics, we describe how this relates to cognitive biases, from a neuro-evolutionary point of view, and how these evolved biases may affect sustainable choices or behaviors of people. Finally, based on this knowledge, we describe influence techniques (interventions, nudges, incentives) to mitigate or capitalize on these biases in order to foster more sustainable choices and behaviors.

The COVID-19 pandemic and international students: A mixed-methods approach to relationships between social media use, social support, and mental health

The COVID-19 pandemic has added significant stress to international students in the United States who already face myriad challenges in adjusting to their host country. We used a mixed-method approach combining survey and interview research to analyze how international students’ social media use and perceived social support/adjustment are associated with their sense of mental well-being when taking into account demographic and social psychological characteristics. Our findings show that international students spent an increased amount of time on social media during the pandemic for both networking and information seeking purposes. Those who use social media primarily for networking purposes reported better mental health, whereas social media use for information seeking was not significantly associated with their mental health. Social support was an important predictor of international students’ social media use. This study provides scholarly and policy implications for supporting international students during a public health crisis.

The agency of fertility plans.

Fertility plans are a prominent area for agency research, and are a clear example of a misalignment between resources and agency capacity. We relied both on the idea of conversion factors of the Capability Approach and the pragmatist tradition of temporal-oriented agency to propose a framework for the study of fertility agency as the conversion process of resources into plans and behavior. We outlined said framework by using a unique dataset on fertility plans composed of open and closed questions from an Italian sample. Economic factors and imaginaries related to children and family represented the vast majority of (hindering and enabling) conversion factors. The notion of conversion factors is crucial for disentangling the network of heterogeneous elements involved in fertility agency: it allows focus to be shifted from structural factors related to social position and psychological characteristics to more situated elements that enable agency capacity.

From the temple of life to the temple of death: keyness analyses of the transitions of a cult

Given their socially and personally beneficial teachings and practices, religious groups are generally seen as positive. However, some religious groups, specifically cults, can have destructive effects. The most notable destructive cult was Peoples Temple, led by Jim Jones, who convinced his followers to commit mass suicide in 1978 at Jonestown, Guyana. Previous research into Peoples Temple has mainly focussed on its social–psychological characteristics with limited applicability to other cults. This study investigates the transitions of Peoples Temple from sect to cult to destructive cult by examining the aboutness and communication styles through the patterns of key linguistic features in Jim Jones’ sermons from the 1960s to 1978 using keyness analyses. The findings show that sect sermons promote religious concepts through a personal involvement style which characterise the group as beneficial, while destructive cult sermons emphasise concepts not traditionally associated with religious discourse, together with the use of othering, intensifying, swearing and controlling styles, and thereby characterising Peoples Temple as dangerous. The cult sermons display dual characteristics which show the transition of Peoples Temple from being beneficial to detrimental. This study provides linguistic indicators for identifying the transitions of a religious group to a cult.

학교 밖 청소년의 사회적 낙인감, 방임, 심리적 특성, 스마트폰 중독 간 구조적 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship among social stigma, neglect, psychological characteristics and smart-phone addiction in out-of-school adolescents and to determine the moderating effect of gender on the relationship among variables.&#x0D; Methods 454 out-of-school adolescents panel data from NYPI s School Drop-Out Adolescents Panel Study in 2014 utilized a structural equation model to examine the relationship.&#x0D; Results The findings of the study were as follows: First, social stigma was found to have exercised a negative influence on self-esteem and ego-resiliency while it was found to have exercised a positive influence on depression. In addition, neglect showed a negative influence on self-esteem and the self-esteem showed a negative influence on depression but a positive influence on thinking to future. Ego-resiliency and depression were also found to have exercised as predictor of smart-phone addiction. Second, self-esteem, ego-resiliency and depression showed both a simple and a sequential dual mediating effect on the relationship between social stigma and smart-phone addiction. Self-esteem and depression were also double-mediated sequentially in the relationship between neglect and smart-phone addiction. Third, the results of the latent means analysis by gender were observed that the mean value of female students was significantly higher than male students in depression and smart-phone addiction.&#x0D; Conclusions Thus, it suggests in-depth future studies with regard to lower social stigma and neglect to raise adaptive psychological characteristics in oder to reducing smart-phone addiction in out-of-school adolescents.

Distinguishing the Language of Destructive Cults from the Language of Mainstream Religion: Corpus Analyses of Sermons

The language of religious leaders expressed in their sermons characterizes the social characteristics of their groups. Over the past decades, most studies into cults specifically destructive cults and mainstream religion have mainly focused on their social-psychological characteristics with limited applicability to other religious groups. In this study, corpus-based methods were applied to the sermons of the leaders of two destructive cults (namely, Peoples Temple led by Jim Jones and Heaven’s Gate led by Marshall Applewhite) and the sermons of mainstream religious groups represented by Baptist preachers to distinguish the language between dangerous and beneficial religious groups based on the patterns of key linguistic features. The methodological process includes keyness analyses (namely, keyword analysis, key semantic tag analysis, and key part-of-speech analysis) and multidimensional analysis. The results from a keyness perspective show that the destructive cult sermons promote non-religious concepts with the use of othering, intensification, and strong elaboration. For the mainstream sermons, they uphold religious concepts for life development with the use of personal involvement and moderate elaboration. The results from a text dimension perspective show that the language of destructive cults and the language of mainstream religion displayed in their sermons are both persuasive and elaborative. However, the language of destructive cults is more persuasive and elaborative than the language of mainstream religion. The findings may serve as a basis for how to recognize the potential detrimental and beneficial characteristics of religious groups based on their language.

Content and specific features of professional activity of fitness specialists

The article analyses the specific pecularities of professional activities of fitness specialists. The data of special literature are analysed to determine the necessary of introduction of modern technologies to physical education of students.&#x0D; The results of pedagogical observations can give possibilities to give recommendations as far as the specific pecularities of activities of fitness specialists and to draw conclusion about that activities of fitness specialists have certain difficulties.&#x0D; The term “fitness” fully reflects social characteristics (health mode of life), biological characteristics (moving activities, physical state and physical preparing), psychological characteristics (motives, interests), recreational and other characteristics of application of means of physical education for health goals. The authors which learn the fitness point out that the term “fitness” is applied very frequently namely overall fitness, physical fitness (health fitness, sport and oriented fitness or moving fitness, athletic fitness), a fitness as moving activities, a fitness as optimal physical state. That’s why the fitness is the integral part of physical culture and sport of Ukraine.&#x0D; The fitness is the moving versatile process which has the elements of physical, psychological, mental and social states; these states we can develop (it takes place training). The term “fitness” intersects with the term “health mode of life” and we can consider fitness as the one of the conditions of social orientation of a person to forming given mode of actions and to harmonic development of a person.&#x0D; Taking into account fast paces of a development of modern health fitness and constantly increasing demand at highly skilled specialists we can state that at present the important task is preparing future teachers of physical culture for introduction of technologies of health fitness. The pecularities of preparing future teachers of physical culture are forming knowledge and skills of young people to realize professional activities which are directed to application of health methodics.&#x0D; The requirements which are laid claim to a fitness specialist are determined with the help of changes which are at a society because of new political and economic relationships as well as because of reorganization at education system and because of reorganization at physical culture motion of a state.&#x0D; The activities of fitness specialist are connected with certain difficulties there are: constant shift of a state at sport hall, at swimming pool, on stadium as well as when using various sport equipment. The lessons always carry out with high moving activities of those persons who learn. Because physical preparing is various but a saturation of the lessons is high a fitness specialist at the same time leads some small groups and on various apparatures. A fitness specialist has to have well formed skils of fulfilling various exercises. Some exercises are opposite as concerned to own moving structure when a development of certain skills complicates forming other skills.

Research on Social Development Characteristics of Children with Learning Difficulties and Corresponding Educational Strategies

With the rise of social information processing psychology, people begin to understand the social development of children with learning difficulties with the possible obstacles in the process of social information processing. There are many factors leading to children's learning difficulties. In addition to neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, social development and mental health characteristics, there are also their own physical quality and the influence of school and family. Educators should promote their cognitive development and correct their social development on the basis of improving their health level. Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, social development and mental health of children with learning difficulties, this paper puts forward the educational countermeasures of training learning strategies, attribution strategies and cognitive monitoring strategies for children with learning difficulties. By studying and analyzing the social psychological characteristics of children with learning difficulties, this paper tries to understand the psychological status of children with learning difficulties in school at present. This paper tries to explain how to provide suitable education for children with different learning difficulties according to their social characteristics, so that they can get out of the predicament and face life optimistically.

A MODEL FOR FORECASTING THE DYNAMICS OF VALUE PREFERENCES IN A CRISIS SOCIETY

In the article, a methodology for forecasting the dynamics of value preferences in a crisis society is substantiated. Social-psychological characteristics of the crisis society that have an impact on the dynamics of values changes are defined. When building prognostic models of value changes, it is suggested to take into account: the characteristics of the unfolding of the crisis and its current stage, the scale and depth of the crisis situation. It is determined that the most relevant for this case is the idea of using the middle-range theory of R. Merton as a forecasting instrument. Value preferences are considered as generalized value priorities that determine the choice of life strategies, set guidelines, standards, and criteria for evaluating goals and ways to achieve them. The hypothesis regarding the prospects of forecasting the dynamics of value preferences in a crisis society based on the determination of the probability of transition from values (and hence the survival strategy, which is actualized at the first stage of the crisis) to values and development strategy, is substantiated. A theoretical model for forecasting the dynamics of value preferences, built according to the logic of the unfolding of the crisis, is presented. A criterion model of value priorities is proposed, on the basis of which the empirical research toolkit is constructed. The model contains 4 groups of indicators (features of response to a crisis situation; features of goal setting; potential for the realization of set goals; features of social practices and value priorities). Indicators are defined separately for each of the value strategies (survival and development). At the stage of developing the tools for collecting primary data, it is suggested to use the brainstorming method, the Delphi method, methods of correlation, regression, factor, and cluster analysis. Methods of psychosemantics (in particular, evaluation scaling), questionnaires, and the method of expert evaluations are defined as the most relevant to the tasks of empirical research.

혈액형에 따른 스포츠참여자의 사회심리학적특성이 소비의례화에 미치는 영향

This study aims to verify the effect of social psychological characteristics on consumption ritualization regarding to blood types of sports participants. The purpose is to present indicators for symbolic consumption in the segmented marketing of the sports industry. A survey was conducted from October 1st, 2020 to July 31th, 2021. 1,215 samples were collected and 1,119 samples were used in this study. The data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS win ver. 24.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis with Cronbach