Problems In Social Context Research Articles

SCIENTIFIC EPISTEMOLOGY AND SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN SCIENCE

The science curriculum had been designed not only the construct of science knowledge, but also able to use scientific attitude, scientific skills, engage higher order thinking, but also able to construct knowledge to solve problems in social contexts. The epistemological aspects in science curriculum involve belief about knowledge. The reseach was purposely to identify science teachers’ scientific epistemology. Eight primary science teachers' discussion on science activity was examined to determine their scientific epistemological based on Lederman (2007). Secondly, the study examines the source of teachers’ knowledge using Elder (1999) dependent vs. independent endeavour. The result showed that observation and inference was the only one engaged actively while teaching science. Meanwhile, the source of teachers’ knowledge in science emerged from dependent venture such as book, internet and past learning experience.

Work-ability assessment in young adults with disabilities applying for disability benefits

Purpose: To investigate the impact of diagnosis, co-morbidity, secondary conditions (e.g. learning problems, subclinical mental and somatic complaints, addictions, and socio-emotional and behavioral problems) and problems in social context on work ability as assessed by Insurance Physicians (IPs) in young adults applying for a disability benefit.Method: IPs of the Social Security Institute assessed young adults with disabilities (aged 15–27) applying for a disability benefit (n = 1755). Data were analyzed with multilevel ordinal regression techniques.Results: Primary diagnosis, co-morbidity and subclinical mental complaints were associated with IP-assessed work ability. Persons with mental health conditions as primary diagnosis were less likely to reach a higher work ability than persons with somatic diseases. Young adults with two or more co-morbid conditions and those with psychiatric or developmental co-morbidity were less likely to reach a higher work ability level than persons without co-morbidity. Young adults with subclinical mental complaints were half as likely to reach a higher IP-assessed work ability than young adults without this condition.Conclusion: Primary diagnosis, type and number of co-morbid conditions and subclinical mental complaints are associated with IP-assessed work ability. Work-ability assessments among adolescents with disabilities applying for disability benefits still focus mainly on medical factors.Implications for RehabilitationWork participation of young adults with disabilities is limited.Young adults with disabilities often need support to be able to function in social and economic life.Adequate work ability assessment of young adults with disabilities and subsequent support may help to improve their participation rates.

Differential Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Means of Inhibitory Control and ‘Theory of Mind’

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) are both associated with deficits in executive control and with problems in social contexts. This study analyses the variables inhibitory control and theory of mind (ToM), including a developmental aspect in the case of the latter, to differentiate between the disorders. Participants with an ASD (N=86), an ADHD (N=84) and with both disorders (N=52) in the age range of 5-22years were compared. Results were differences in inhibitory control (ADHD<ASD) and in the ToM performance among younger (ASD<ADHD) but not among older children. We discuss whether common deficits in ToM differ in the developmental course.

College and University Environmental Programs as a Policy Problem (Part 2): Strategies for Improvement

Environmental studies and environmental sciences programs in American and Canadian colleges and universities seek to ameliorate environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. In a companion article (Part 1) we describe the environmental program movement (EPM) and discuss factors that have hindered its performance. Here, we complete our analysis by proposing strategies for improvement. We recommend that environmental programs re-organize around three principles. First, adopt as an overriding goal the concept of human dignity-defined as freedom and social justice in healthy, sustainable environments. This clear higher-order goal captures the human and environmental aspirations of the EPM and would provide a more coherent direction for the efforts of diverse participants. Second, employ an explicit, genuinely interdisciplinary analytical framework that facilitates the use of multiple methods to investigate and address environmental and social problems in context. Third, develop educational programs and applied experiences that provide students with the technical knowledge, powers of observation, critical thinking skills and management acumen required for them to become effective professionals and leaders. Organizing around these three principles would build unity in the EPM while at the same time capitalizing on the strengths of the many disciplines and diverse local conditions involved.

Deconstructing the “Mommy Wars”: The Battle Over the Best Mom

ABSTRACT Popular press, family policies, and celebrity therapists are a few of the outlets that portray working mothers in a negative light. In this public dialogue, working mothers are blamed for a multitude of social problems, while many of the real social issues related to working families are ignored. In the popular discourse known as the “Mommy Wars,” working mothers and stay-at-home mothers are pitted against each other by asking, “Who is the better mommy?” However, this media driven war effectively diverts our attention away from real problems and solutions for working parents. As family therapists we have many opportunities to assist our clients in achieving equality and increased balance in their lives, as well as provide education about what factors lead to overall family well-being. We can place client problems in social context in order to increase awareness and educated decision making about family arrangements that work best for their unique circumstances, that are not based on media generated messages. This paper discusses that social context and offers ways for therapists to work with primarily heterosexual families who are struggling with work and family balance and the question “Should Mom work?”

The social context of cognitive development

The Social Foundations of Cognitive Development. Introduction. Processes of Change: The How of Cognitive Development. The Sociocultural Context of Cognitive Development. The Development of Specific Higher Mental Functions in Social Context. Acquring Knowledge: Intersubjectivity, Joint Attention, and Social Referencing. Remembering: The Social Construction of the Past. Solving and Learning to Solve Problems in Social Context. Constructing the Future: Planning in Social Context. Conclusions and Future Directions.

America's Problems: Social Issues and Public Policy

Professors Currie and Skolnick place special emphasis on the underlying economic causes of social problems and the social policies that fail to address them. The text's research-oriented approach introduces students to the empirical aspects of sociology by discussing how research is done and how data is compiled and analyzed. A comparative perspective on major topics exposes students to American social problems in context to other nations. This edition provides in-depth coverage of current social and political issues, such as downsizing, the growing gap between the rich and the poor, and the crisis in health care.