Social Peer Research Articles

Peer Social Acceptance of Students with Special Needs

Peer Social Acceptance of Students with Special Needs

Motivasi berprestasi atlet bulutangkis di kabupaten tolitoli ditinjau dari dukungan sosial orang tua, teman, dan pelatih

ABSTRACTA badminton athlete can excel if he has the motivation to excel. However, some athletes, especially in Tolitoli Regency, still show a lack of motivation to excel. In improving the performance of an athlete, apart from having the motivation to excel, the need for good social support from parents, friends, and coaches. Therefore, this study aims to determine the achievement motivation of badminton athletes in Tolitoli Regency in terms of social support from parents, friends, and coaches. The type of method used is quantitative with a correlational design. The participants who were involved in this study were 42 badminton athletes in Tolitoli Regency, using the quota sampling technique. The scale used is the athlete's achievement motivation scale and the social support scale. Based on the product moment correlation test from Karl Pearson, it was found that there was a positive relationship between parental social support and athletes' achievement motivation. On the other hand, social peer support is not significantly related to athlete achievement. Likewise with the support of social coaches which are not significantly related to the athlete's achievement motivation.

Peer Social Support and Academic Resilience For Students From 3T Regions At SWCU

Education is a basic right for every Indonesian citizen. However, in reality, education in Indonesia is not evenly distributed so that many residents in certain regions or areas such as the 3T area still do not get proper education either in terms of facilities or infrastructure so that many students from the 3T area choose education outside the 3T area which has a good education. worthy of both facilities and infrastructure. The challenge that must be faced by students from the 3T area is that they have to adapt and adjust to the learning method of being a student which is quite a difficult challenge for students from the 3T area. Low peer social support can affect individual academic resilience. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between peer social support and academic resilience in students from the 3T areas. The method used in this study is quantitative, with a correlational design to determine the relationship between peer social support and academic resilience. Participants in this study were students from the 3T area, totaling 140 people, aged between 17-25 years, who studied at Satya Wacana Christian University. The sampling technique used in this study is snowball sampling. The research measurement uses two scales, namely the Peer Support Questionnaire (a = 0.930) and The Academic Resilience Scale (a = 0.853). The results of the study prove that peer social support is positively related to academic resilience (r=0.399) with sig. = 0.000)

A comparative study of youth victimization during COVID-19 lockdowns in Mexico and Russia

This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic school closures on peer victimization in Mexico and Russia. In addition to effects on academic performance and attendance, the lockdowns interfered with usual peer socialization experiences and interactions. We examined the effects on the problem of bullying victimization. Since all measures were originally in English, factorial invariance was established at the outset. Comparisons by country for frequency of victimization, type of victimization, harmfulness of the victimization experiences, location of the victimization, and relationships to the perpetrator, were calculated. Although the countries were similar in many ways, significant differences were detected on several items; one notable difference was the relationship to the perpetrator. In Mexico, the most common bully was siblings, while in Russia, the highest rank was for parents. Significant differences reflected the cultural contexts of each country; these cultural influences are discussed.

The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and Resilience in State University of Malang Students Affected by Distance Learning

This study aimed to examine the relationship between peer social support and resilience of the State University of Malang students affected by Distance Learning. This study employed quantitative research techniques with a descriptive correlational design. The study’s population consists of Malang State University students who have experienced or are currently experiencing Distance Learning. The subjects used were calculated using Isaac and Michael’s table with a 5% error rate, obtaining a sample of 345 people. Accidental sampling is a sampling technique used by researchers to collect data using a Likert scale model with the development of the Interpersonal Social Evaluation List (ISEL) Scale and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The research analysis used descriptive analysis techniques and Pearson’s Product Moment correlation data analysis. The results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between the two variables with a value (r) of .705 and sig. (p) of .00 < .05.
 Keywords: social support, resilience, distance learning

Validating Antecedent Factors Affecting Ethical Purchase Behavior: Comparing the Effect of Customer Citizenship versus Corporate Citizenship

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of corporate image and subjective norms on consumers’ purchase intention of a firm’s products. Another important objective was to determine what kind of citizenship—corporate citizenship or customer citizenship—has a greater impact on the relationships between corporate image and purchase intention, and between subjective norms and purchase intention. The findings suggest that both ethical corporate image and subjective norms have positive effects on ethical purchase intention, and that both corporate and customer citizenship significantly moderate this causal relationship. Specifically, we found that corporate citizenship exerted greater impact as a moderator than customer citizenship on ethical purchase behavior. This finding has important theoretical/practical implications as it highlights the weighted attention to be paid to individual versus corporate focus in the study of ethical consumption behavior. In particular, the finding sheds light on the importance of subjective norms as a social peer pressure mechanism since ethical consumption is embedded with socially responsible consumption behavior.

Crime, Broken Families, and Punishment

We develop a two-period overlapping generations model in which both the family structure and the decision to commit crime are endogenous and the dynamics of moral norms of good conduct is transmitted intergenerationally by families and peers. By “destroying” biparental families and putting fathers in prison, we show that more intense crime repression can backfire because it increases the possibility that criminals’ sons become criminals themselves. Our model also explains the emergence and persistence of urban ghettos characterized by a large proportion of broken families, high crime rates, and high levels of peer socialization, which reinforce criminal activities. (JEL I28, J12, J15, K42, R23, Z13)

Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Young Children's Outdoor Activity: A Systematic Review.

We sought to identify and synthesise available evidence to aid the understanding of the impact that COVID-19 restrictions had on the outdoor activity of children aged from birth to 12 years. Seven databases (Education Research Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, WHO COVID-19 Database) were searched for relevant journal articles in English published from 2020 on. Four qualitative and eleven quantitative studies were included after screening. JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tools were used for quality assessment. All qualitative studies showed an increase in outdoor activity. Less than half of the quantitative studies indicated an increase. Family demography, home characteristics, access to outdoor spaces, and parental support/encouragement/co-play were influential factors. The evidence also supports the recommendation for educators to increase children’s outdoor play time to adhere to the physical distancing guidance and sanitisation requirements. Limited evidence suggests that when COVID-19 restrictions led to decreased outdoor activity, it was associated with less peer socialisation. We identified significant gaps in understanding of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on young children’s outdoor activity.

Explaining Prejudicial Attitudes and Bias-Motivated Aggression in Belgium: a Comparison of Individual-Level Theoretical Models

Prejudice and bias-motivated aggression (BMA) are pervasive social problems. Scholars have tested numerous competing theoretical models to demonstrate the key predicates of prejudice and BMA, including intergroup contact, dual process (i.e., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), perceived injustice, peer socialization, and empathy. Yet, studies to date have not empirically examined the comparative strength of these theoretical perspectives to explain the correlates of (a) prejudice and (b) BMA. This study seeks to address this gap. Utilizing a sample of young 1,001 Belgian participants, this study explores the association between key constructs from different theoretical perspectives to better understand prejudice and BMA towards immigrant populations. Findings show that when accounting for all models of prejudice and BMA, the strongest predictors of prejudice emerge from the dual-process model, the empathy model (outgroup empathy), and the quality (not frequency) of intergroup contact. Yet, prejudice and exposure to peer outgroup hostility are the strongest predictors of BMA. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest that drawing on criminological theories of prejudice and BMA can be integrated to provide a more nuanced understanding of the nature of prejudice and BMA than what is currently known. We conclude by highlighting some directions for future research on prejudice and BMA.

Social learning across adolescence: A Bayesian neurocognitive perspective

Adolescence is a period of social re-orientation in which we are generally more prone to peer influence and the updating of our beliefs based on social information, also called social learning, than in any other stage of our life. However, how do we know when to use social information and whose information to use and how does this ability develop across adolescence? Here, we review the social learning literature from a behavioral, neural and computational viewpoint, focusing on the development of brain systems related to executive functioning, value-based decision-making and social cognition. We put forward a Bayesian reinforcement learning framework that incorporates social learning about value associated with particular behavior and uncertainty in our environment and experiences. We discuss how this framework can inform us about developmental changes in social learning, including how the assessment of uncertainty and the ability to adaptively discriminate between information from different social sources change across adolescence. By combining reward-based decision-making in the domains of both informational and normative influence, this framework explains both negative and positive social peer influence in adolescence.

Does public scrutiny on corporate tax decisions affect directors? Effects of responsible (irresponsible) corporate tax practices on director reputation

In 2004, the Citizens of Tax Justice (CTJ) released a report that significantly raised public awareness of corporate tax avoidance practices in the companies that it scrutinised in the study. Using a six-year period straddling the CTJ event, we compare over time changes in external board seats held by incumbent directors serving scrutinised firms against those of their counterparts serving control firms with comparable tax practices but that were not scrutinised in the CTJ study. Incumbent directors in scrutinised firms with minimal tax avoidance practices gained more external board seats after the CTJ event than did board members in control firms. However, directors in scrutinised firms with aggressive tax avoidance practices neither gained nor lost more external board seats after the CTJ event than did directors in control firms. These findings provide little evidence that constituents in the corporate sector overwhelmingly favour tax minimisation practices as acceptable practices of conducting business operations. Rather, they provide evidence that corporate constituents, like their social peers, are somewhat attuned to the expectation for socially responsible tax practices. Lastly, we find that directors in scruitised firms with minimal tax avoidance practices are more likely to gain board seats from like-minded firms with responsible tax practices.

Psychopathological symptoms associated with psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and their typically developing peers

Children and adolescents with autism have increased prevalence of psychosocial disabilities. Studies in autism indicate that key psychosocial factors including adaptive functioning, school absence, special needs education, frequency of peer socialization and participation in organized leisure activities may differ in their relationship with autistic, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, but the findings are so far mixed. Therefore, we examined if these measures of psychosocial functioning displayed specific associations with autistic, internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in 61 children with autism aged 7–14 years compared to 61 typically developing controls. Multiple linear regression analyses across all participants showed that lower adaptive functioning, frequency of peer socialization and participation in leisure activities were driven by more social communication problems and not internalizing, externalizing or autistic-like symptoms including rigidity, stereotypy and sensory sensitivity. Notably, increased school absence was specifically driven by more internalizing symptoms and not autistic or externalizing symptoms. These associations were observed across all participants, both children with autism and their typically developing peers, and therefore appear to be dimensional and general in nature. Within the autism group, children who received special needs education displayed fewer social communication problems compared to those who attended regular education, while a developmental history of social interaction problems was related to lower adaptive functioning. Our findings suggest that social communication problems are more critical for psychosocial functioning than other autistic-like behaviors, internalizing or externalizing symptoms but that efforts to reduce school absence specifically need to target internalizing symptoms and not autistic-like or externalizing symptoms.

Practices of inclusion/exclusion in and through classroom dialogue

AbstractThe paper explores non-native children’s peer socialization to norms of literacy and appropriate language use in the classroom. Drawing on ethnographic research in a primary school in northern Italy, this study adopts a CA-informed approach to analyze an Italian L2 class attended by children aged 8 to 10. The study focuses on children’s enacting of correction sequences following peers’ problematic conduct. As the analysis illustrates, children creatively re-produce teachers’ ways of speaking to enforce normative uses of language. Through these practices, non-native children socialize their classmates into expected ways of speaking, reading, and writing, and negotiate the social hierarchy of the peer group. Risks and opportunities of such practices are considered in relation to children’s social inclusion and exclusion.

The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and Self-Regulated Learning in Vocational High School Students

This research was conducted because of a phenomenon that shows low self-regulated learning by showing behaviors such as lack of enthusiasm in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between peer social support and self-regulated learning in students at SMK Antarctica 2 Sidoarjo. The sampling technique in this research uses proportional stratified random sampling. The research technique is a correlational quantitative method. The research sample as many as 304 students obtained with a significance level of 5% of the total population of 2,470 students. The data collection method uses 2 psychological scales, namely the peer social support scale with a reliability of 0,901, and self-regulated learning scale with a reliability 0,901. The proposed hypothesis is that there is a significant positive relationship between peer social support and self-regulated learning. Analysis of the data with Correlation Product Moment Pearson. The result, r = 0.197, p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means the research hypothesis is accepted. The higher the peer social support, the higher the self-regulated learning. On the other hand, the lower the peer social support, the lower the self-regulated learning of the students of SMK Antartika 2 Sidoarjo. The contribution of peer social support to the occurrence of self-regulated learning is 14,6%.

The effects of consumer clothes design engagement on brand love and loyalty

This study aims to investigate the effect of consumer engagement in the clothing industry on brand love and brand loyalty. Besides social peer influence was added to the model as an independent variable affecting loyalty and consumer engagement. In line with the research purpose, a model was developed that demonstrates the effect of consumer engagement on brand loyalty and brand love. Data were obtained from 399 consumers through a questionnaire designed to test the developed model. The variables in the established model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Hypotheses were tested with path analysis in the AMOS structural equation model. Consumer engagement in the design of clothes has positive effects on attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty. No conclusion that consumer engagement leads to brand love. According to the results, behavioural loyalty leads to brand love. However, this feeling of consumers who show attitudinal loyalty is not effective on their brand loves. The variable that triggers consumers to engage in product design is the social peer effect

The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and Academic Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic for Students of the 3rd Semester of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo

This research was conducted because of the phenomenon where early semester students experience academic stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer social support and academic stress in third semester students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. This study is a quantitative correlational research method. The research population was 569 students and 221 students were taken as a sample using the proportional sampling technique. The data collection method used 2 psychological scales, namely the Peer Social Support Scale and the Academic Stress Scale. The proposed hypothesis is that there is a negative relationship between peer social support. with academic stress. Data analysis with Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result, r = -0.059, p = 0.191 (p > 0.05), which means the research hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is no relationship between peer social support and academic stress. Keywords: Peer Social Support, Academic Stress, Students.

Influence of Social Anxiety and Peer Acceptance on Adolescents’ Social Adjustment in Nigerian Secondary Schools

This study examines the influence of social anxiety and peer acceptance on adolescents’ social adjustment among secondary school students in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria. To carry out the study, four hypotheses were formulated and tested. A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 350 students comprising 175 males and 175 females selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The hypotheses formulated in this study were tested with t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study showed a significant influence of social anxiety on adolescents’ social adjustment, a significant influence of peer acceptance on adolescents’ social adjustment, a significant gender difference in the extent of social anxiety among adolescents, and a significant gender difference in the extent of peer acceptance among adolescents. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that school authorities provide a learning environment that eliminates the potential for occurrences of social anxiety. Adolescents should be encouraged to avoid following peers or friends who have negative attitude or influence. Rather, they should follow only those who can influence them positively.

Social Determinants of Voice Outcomes: The Configurational Analysis of the Effects of LMX and Peer Relationships.

From the perspective of social relationships, this study extends the understanding of employee voice by examining voice outcomes, especially a voicer’s influence in their work team. In particular, we explore how two different social relationships, LMX and peer relationship, separately and jointly affect the ‘voice-influence’ relationship. Drawing on social network theory, we propose that higher LMX and central positions in peer networks (i.e., centrality in the friendship network) strengthen the positive impact of voice on individual influence. From a sample of 128 employees from three firms in South Korea, we found that two types of voice (promotive and prohibitive) are positively related with individual influence. This study also found that LMX strengthened the positive effect of promotive voice on a voicer’s influence. Moreover, LMX and peer relationship jointly affect the voice-influence relationship as follows: (1) a voicer with a high LMX-high centrality (in the peer network) is most influential within their team, (2) as for a low LMX-high centrality member, speaking up rather decreases individual influence. These results suggest that voice outcome is not unilateral. Rather, whose voice it is and where a voicer stands may matter more. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in employee voice research.

Social Integration in Higher Education and Development of Intrinsic Motivation: A Latent Transition Analysis.

This study, based on the self-determination theory, investigates the link between university students' social peer and teacher integration and intrinsic motivation development. Both integration contexts are expected to contribute to the student's development, either additive or compensatory. The analyses rely on a nationally representative sample of 7,619 German university students (NEPS data set) and cover the time between the 3rd and 5th semesters in a longitudinal design. Person-centered analytical tools were applied to tap interindividual differences in the motivational trajectories as well as in integration profiles. Latent transition analyses revealed distinct links between the motivational trajectories (Increase [n = 532], Moderate Decrease [n = 2580], Decrease [n = 4,507]) and the integration profiles (Highly Integrated [n = 2,492], Moderately Integrated [n = 3832], Isolated [n = 1,144], Peer Deprivated [n = 151]), pointing to additive effects of teacher and peer integration. Positive trajectories were more likely in the Highly than in Moderately Integrated profiles. The two profiles pointing to below-average integration levels (Isolated and Peer Deprivated) showed the same probabilities for rather negative trajectories. The results are discussed against the backdrop of self-determination theory and additive vs. compensatory effects of teacher and peer integration, proposing a threshold model.

SHS Students’ Engagement in Online Synchronous Collaborative Learning Activities: Correlations with Self-efficacy, Peer Social Support, Well-being and Academic Performance

The pandemic of COVID-19 prompted several paradigm shifts throughout society, including in education. This study aimed to examine the relationships of students' engagement in online synchronous collaborative learning activities (OSCLA) with their self-efficacy (LSE), peer social support (LPSS), state of well-being (SWB), and level of academic performance (LAP). A total of 176 Filipino Grade 12 SHS students, 18 years old and older, from a private educational institution were purposively selected for this study. Data were generated using an online survey. Results show that collaborative learning activities are frequently conducted (median = 4) in their synchronous online classes. It also revealed that their LSE is high (median = 4), their LPSS is high (median = 4), their LE is moderate (median = 3), their SWB is high (median = 4), and their LAP is high (median = 94.85). The results showed a statistically significant correlation of their LSE (r = 0.69, p 0.001) and LPSS with their OSCLA LE (r = 0.438, p 0.001). A statistically significant positive moderate correlation between LE and SWB (r = 0.536, p 0.001) was also found, however, no correlation was found between their OSCLA LE and LAP (r = 0.065, p = 0.393). Thus, the use of a well-designed OSCLA is strongly recommended as it positively impacts students' SWB but should be regularly reviewed for its effectiveness in sustaining improvement in the LAP of the students.