Social Pediatrics Research Articles

The Association Between Maternal and Child Nutritional Status: Evidence From a Social Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal and child nutritional status, considering the importance of children’s nutrition at an early age. Material and Methods: Mother-child pairs who attended a social pediatrics outpatient clinic participated in the study. A survey form was used to collect data, including questions regarding general information, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and dietary records. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used as a dietary assessment method. Height and body weight were taken using measurement techniques by researchers. Data of pairs were collected from mothers, and they assisted in taking anthropometric measurements of the children. The recorded data were used to calculate the percentage of daily energy and nutrient requirements met by each participant. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to detect the coefficients of the relationship in SPSS statistic package program. Results: The study included 104 mother-child pairs. The mean age of the mother and children was 30.7±5.7 years and 41.7±17.3 months, respectively. While 13.5% of the mothers were obese, 16.3% of the children were obese. A significant relationship was found between mothers’ and children’s daily main and snack numbers. The percentage of meeting their energy and protein requirements did not vary according to breastfeeding and complementary feeding parameters. Statistical analysis results showed significant relationships between percentages of meeting their macro and micronutrient requirements of mother-child pairs, except for energy and magnesium. Conclusion: The study’s results indicate that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of mothers and their children. There is a need for further research investigating the nutritional status of both mothers and children and emphasizing the interdependency of nutrition within the family.

Simethicone Medication Should Be Avoided in Infants Receiving Oral Lactase Treatment.

In this retrospective study, we assessed the efficacy of oral lactase in infants with lactose intolerance in terms of sex, birth weight, and interference by other medications. The study was conducted on patients aged 0-6 months who had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance on admission to the Department of Social Pediatrics at Dokuz Eylul University. Demographic data, the onset of symptoms, and medications used were recorded. We found that 86.7% of the infants responded to lactase, with no significant differences based on sex, birth weight, or age at symptom presentation. We observed, however, that the efficacy of treatment did improve over time, thereby deriving benefits from intestinal development and adaptation. Interestingly, the response to lactase was reduced in infants receiving concomitant simethicone for colic symptoms, suggesting a potential drug interaction, while probiotics had no impact on treatment outcomes. We advise against using additional medications with oral lactase, pointing out a possible interaction with simethicone that might decrease the effectiveness of treatment.

Fostering Tomorrow: Uniting Artificial Intelligence and Social Pediatrics for Comprehensive Child Well-being.

This comprehensive review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of social pediatrics, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize child healthcare. Social pediatrics, a specialized branch within the discipline, focuses on the significant influence of societal, environmental, and economic factors on children's health and development. This field adopts a holistic approach, integrating medical, psychological, and environmental considerations. This review aims to explore the potential of AI in revolutionizing child healthcare from social pediatrics perspective. To achieve that, we explored AI applications in preventive care, growth monitoring, nutritional guidance, environmental risk factor prediction, and early detection of child abuse. The findings highlight AI's significant contributions in various areas of social pediatrics. Artificial intelligence's proficiency in handling large datasets is shown to enhance diagnostic processes, personalize treatments, and improve overall healthcare management. Notable advancements are observed in preventive care, growth monitoring, nutritional counseling, predicting environmental risks, and early child abuse detection. We find that integrating AI into social pediatric healthcare aims to enhance the effectiveness, accessibility, and equity of pediatric health services. This integration ensures high-quality care for every child, regardless of their social background. The study elucidates AI's multifaceted applications in social pediatrics, including natural language processing, machine learning algorithms for health outcome predictions, and AI-driven tools for health and environmental monitoring, collectively fostering a more efficient, informed, and responsive pediatric healthcare system.

Sozialpädiatrische Versorgungssituation und -bedarfe in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 bis 2022. Was wird jetzt gebraucht?

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKinder und Jugendliche mit sozialpädiatrischen Versorgungsbedarfen stellen eine Gruppe mit besonderen Herausforderungen dar. Ziel der qualitativen Studie war, die sozialpädiatrische Versorgung in der Pandemie aus Expert*innensicht zu beschreiben. Hieraus sollten Rückschlüsse für möglicherweise entstandene sozialpädiatrische Versorgungsbedarfe abgeleitet werden.MethodenEs wurden 25 Expert*innen aus dem sozialpädiatrischen Bereich von Mai bis November 2022 mit leitfadengestützten Interviews zu folgenden Themen befragt: Abweichungen der Versorgung, Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von Familien, individuelle Belastungen und Ressourcen sowie nachhaltige Bedarfe. Die Interviews wurden von 2 wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitenden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.ErgebnisseTemporär zeigte sich ein deutlich eingeschränktes sozialpädiatrisches Versorgungsangebot. Während bereits vor der Pandemie gut eingebundene Familien ausreichend mithilfe von Telefon‑/Videokontakten betreut werden konnten, wurde eine Dunkelziffer von Risikogruppen z. B. mit geringer Handlungskompetenz beschrieben, welche Leistungen nicht oder verzögert in Anspruch nahmen. Beobachtet wurden Versorgungsbedarfe für neu entwickelte psychische Auffälligkeiten und Therapierückschritte aufgrund eingeschränkter Fördermöglichkeiten sowie ein Nachholbedarf verpasster Möglichkeiten der Frühförderung bei Entwicklungsstörungen.DiskussionUm entstandene Versorgungsbedarfe zu decken, sollten zielgerichtet unterversorgte Familien identifiziert und zeitnah unter Berücksichtigung individueller Merkmale versorgt werden. Hierzu könnten z. B. vermehrt aufsuchende Versorgungsangebote etabliert werden, die unbürokratisch bei betroffenen Familien ankommen.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder for Youth: Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives

PurposeClinical trial data support use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in adolescents and young adults (“youth”), but qualitative data are lacking on the acceptability and importance of MOUD to youth, caregivers, and clinicians. We assessed how these stakeholders viewed the role of MOUD in treatment and recovery. MethodsWe recruited youth aged from 15 to 25 years with opioid use disorder who had received buprenorphine, naltrexone, or methadone and caregivers from a primary care-based youth addiction treatment program. We also recruited clinicians with addiction expertise from social work, nursing, pediatrics, internal medicine, and psychiatry. We conducted semistructured interviews assessing special considerations for MOUD use in youth. Three coders performed inductive and deductive thematic analysis of transcripts. ResultsAmong 37 participants, including 15 youth (age range, 17–25 years), nine caregivers, and 13 clinicians, we identified three themes. (1) Medications support recovery in the short term: Youth described MOUD as beneficial in managing withdrawal symptoms. Notably, some youth and caregivers preferred to limit MOUD duration. (2) Medication adherence is affected by type of medication, dosing regimen, and route of administration. Participants endorsed long-acting, injectable MOUD for ease of use and youth's ability to continue engagement in “normal activities” without daily medication. (3) Caregiver involvement can support medication decisions and adherence. Youth and some clinicians described the need to assess caregiver involvement before incorporating them into treatment; caregivers and other clinicians described caregivers as critical in supporting accountability. DiscussionMOUD is evidence-based, and its provision should be developmentally responsive and youth- and family-centered, incorporating caregivers when appropriate.

Bibliometrics and Visual Analysis of the Research Status and Trends of Breastfeeding in Turkey.

The long- and short-term benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants are known, and the number of studies on this subject is increasing daily. This study aimed to reveal current research trends, hotspots, and future frontiers in research on breastfeeding in Turkey. The most productive institutions, influential authors, the journals with the most publications by the authors, core research teams, and keywords in Turkey in the field of breastfeeding were analyzed using bibliometric methods. Additionally, breastfeeding-related articles published in the Web of Science Core Collection between 1980 and 2022 were scanned. The collected data were analyzed with the R Bibliometrix package program and VOSviewer. It was determined that research on breastfeeding has accelerated since 2004, and the number of citations has increased with the number of publications. The fields of most produc- tive writers in the area were found as social pediatrics, and the most influential institutions were İstanbul University and Hacettepe University. It was determined that there was no specializa- tion in research on breastfeeding among authors distributed based on their productivity. The results also revealed the most influential articles and journals. The word analysis revealed that the breastfeeding literature in Turkey is sensitive to current developments, whereas the current status of breastfeeding, the factors affecting breastfeeding, and the effects of breastfeeding are the top areas of research. It was observed that maternal attachment and coronavirus dis- ease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related issues have been studied more in recent years. This bibliometric analysis contributes to understanding the current status and development of breastfeeding research in Turkey.

Perceptions and feelings of Argentine children post pandemic COVID-19

The frequency of the severity of the different expressions of SARS-COV-2 disease, and its mortality in the pediatric population have been low unlike in the adult population. However, children and adolescents have been very affected by this virus, through the restriction and limitations of their rights. The Subcommittee on the Rights of the Childhood and Adolescence and the Committee of Social Pediatrics of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría understood that it was very important to gather their voices to weigh the impact of the transition from COVID pandemic to this "new normalcy" and the effects on argentine children and adolescents' rights, emotions and desires, especially those related to accessibility to education and health. We carried on a qualitative descriptive narrative transversal phenomenological research, through an open anonymous survey, among children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years old, living in Argentina; 1537 surveys were collected. The research findings allowed elaborate recommendations to develop strategies to face, protect and accompany the children and adolescents during the post-pandemic.

Factorial Validity of the German KABC-II at Ages 7 to 12 in a Clinical Sample: Four Factors Fit Better than Five.

Multidimensional intelligence test batteries such as the KABC-II are widely used in clinical practice. Although validity evidence should be provided for all intended uses of a test, data on the factorial validity of the KABC-II mostly relies on the standardization samples and raises some concerns about the adequacy of the factor structure. Confirmatory factor analyses of the KABC-II core subtests were conducted in a sample of 627 children who had been assessed in German Centers for Social Pediatrics. The standard structure of the KABC-II was superior to unidimensional models but, as in previous research, evidenced cross-loadings and a high correlation between Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv. Pattern Reasoning was more closely related to Simultaneous/Gv than to Planning/Gf. A four-factorial structure combining subtests from Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv to form a common factor emerged as a better representation of the data. Story Completion showed a secondary loading on Knowledge/Gc. On average, most subtest variance was accounted for by the general factor. Models with bonus points for fast responses generally fitted worse than those without. Clinicians should be aware that Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv measure both visual and fluid abilities. Scales of the KABC-II should not be interpreted as dimensions independent of the general factor.

Renewing our commitment to protect children experiencing armed conflict.

Civilian casualties from armed conflicts have increased, such that 90% of deaths from armed conflicts in the first decade of the 21st century have been civilians, a significant number of whom are children. The acute and chronic effects of armed conflict on child health and well-being are among the most significant children's rights violations of the 21st century. Children are increasingly exposed to armed conflict and targeted by governmental and non-governmental combatants. Despite International Human Rights and Humanitarian laws and multiple international declarations, conventions, treaties and courts,injury and death of children due to armed conflicts have worsened over the decades. It is critically important that a concerted effort be undertaken to address and rectify this issue. Toward this end, the Internal Society of Social Pediatrics and Chid Health (ISSOP) and others have called for a renewed commitment to children experiencing armed conflict with an immediate call to implement a new UN Humanitarian Response on Child Casualties in Armed Conflict.

Information and Training on the Use of Telemedicine in Pediatric Population: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP), and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF).

Telemedicine has entered the daily lives of doctors, although the digital skills of healthcare professionals still remain a goal to be achieved. For the purpose of a large-scale development of telemedicine, it is necessary to create trust in the services it can offer and to favor their acceptance by healthcare professionals and patients. In this context, information for the patient regarding the use of telemedicine, the benefits that can be derived from it, and the training of healthcare professionals and patients for the use of new technologies are fundamental aspects. This consensus document is a commentary that has the aim of defining the information on and training aspects of telemedicine for pediatric patients and their caregivers, as well as pediatricians and other health professionals who deal with minors. For the present and the future of digital healthcare, there is a need for a growth in the skills of professionals and a lifelong learning approach throughout the professional life. Therefore, information and training actions are important to guarantee the necessary professionalism and knowledge of the tools, as well as a good understanding of the interactive context in which they are used. Furthermore, medical skills can also be integrated with the skills of various professionals (engineers, physicists, statisticians, and mathematicians) to birth a new category of health professionals responsible for building new semiotics, identifying criteria for predictive models to be integrated into clinical practice, standardizing clinical and research databases, and defining the boundaries of social networks and new communication technologies within health services.

Description of the Exposure of the Most-Followed Spanish Instamoms' Children to Social Media.

There is evidence of the risk of overexposure of children on social networks by parents working as influencers. A cross-sectional study of the profiles of the sixteen most-followed Instamoms in Spain was carried out. An analysis of these profiles was performed over a full month (April 2022), three times a week, to describe the representation of influencers' children in the posts shared by them, as well as their role in the Instamoms' marketing. A total of 192 evaluations of the profiles were performed in the study period. The average number of children exposed by an Instamom was three, generally preschoolers and schoolchildren. The children appear in a context of the family home and accompanied by their mother. The type of advertising that accompanies the appearance of underage children is usually women or children's clothing, but also food products, leisure, etc. Appearance of children in the posts had a statistically significant influence on followers measured by the number of likes. Results provided the identification of two Instamom clusters with differentiated behaviors in relation to appearance of children in posts. It is important to involve Social Pediatrics in the protection of the privacy and interests of children given the increase in sharenting. The authors believe that there are concerns about their explicit consent to public exposure from early childhood and about the medium and long-term effect that this may have on their future well-being.

Use of Telemedicine Healthcare Systems in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Disease or in Transition Stages of Life: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP) and of the Syndicate of Family

Telemedicine is considered an excellent tool to support the daily and traditional practice of the health profession, especially when referring to the care and management of chronic patients. In a panorama in which chronic pathologies with childhood onset are constantly increasing and the improvement of treatments has allowed survival for them into adulthood, telemedicine and remote assistance are today considered effective and convenient solutions both for the chronic patient, who thus receives personalized and timely assistance, and for the doctors, who reduce the need for direct intervention, hospitalizations and consequent management costs. This Consensus document, written by the main Italian Scientific Societies involved in the use of telemedicine in pediatrics, has the objectives to propose an organizational model based on the relationships between the actors who participate in the provision of a telemedicine service aimed at minors with chronic pathologies, identifying specific project links between the areas of telemedicine in the developmental age from the first 1000 days of life to the age adult. The future scenario will have to be able to integrate digital innovation in order to offer the best care to patients and citizens. It will have to be able to provide the involvement of patients from the very beginning of the design of any care pathway, increasing where possible the proximity of the health service to citizens.

Use of Telemedicine Healthcare Systems in Pediatric Assistance at Territorial Level: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP) and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF)

Technological innovation can contribute to a reorganization of healthcare, particularly by supporting the shift in the focus of care from the hospital to the territory, through innovative citizen-centered models, and facilitating access to services in the territory. Health and social care delivery modalities, enabled by telemedicine, are crucial in this regard. The objective of this Consensus document, written by the main Italian Scientific Societies involved in the use of telemedicine in pediatrics, is to define a standard for its use at the territorial level in various declinations in the pediatric field; this paper also identifies priority areas for its application and the types of services that most require intervention and investment. The changes that are underway in digital transformation in all sectors are unstoppable, and for the digital transformation to take place in a productive sense, the contribution of not only all health professionals, but also of patients, is necessary. From this perspective, authors from different backgrounds were involved in the drafting of this Consensus and, in the future, other figures, primarily patients, are expected to be involved. In fact, this belongs to the vision of connected care, in which the citizen/patient actively participates in the treatment path so that they are assisted in a personalized, predictive and preventive way. The future scenario must be able to provide for the involvement of patients from the initial stages of planning any treatment path, even in the pediatric age, and increasing, where possible, the proximity of the health service to the families.

Changes within the Editorial Board and Thanking All the Reviewers and Authors.

We would like to take the chance in this first issue of “Neuropediatrics” in 2023 to announce changes within the editorial board of the journal. The editors in chief Barbara Plecko, Bernd Neubauer, and Nicole Wolf have left their position in 2022 after a long and highly successful period for the journal. We would like to thank them for their tremendous effort to sustain the publication of outstanding research in pediatric neurobiology, neurology, and neurogenetics during their responsibility. We welcome Ingo Borggraefe, MD, as a new editor in chief for “Neuropediatrics.” He serves as a pediatric neurologist and epileptologist in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics at the University of Munich, Germany. His main clinical and research interests are epilepsy, cognition, neurogenetics, and neurointensive care in childhood.

Synopsis of Clients Seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-East Nigeria: A Three-year Review

Background: The adolescent period is a unique and crucial period of growth and development, in which the child transits from childhood to adulthood. It is characterised by several changes, both physiological and psychological, in preparation for adulthood. Thus, their health needs and health challenges differ from that of other children. Hence, the need to pay special attention to them and provide health and social support tailored toward their needs. Aim: This study aimed to determine the pattern of cases that presented to the Adolescent and Social Pediatrics Unit (ASP) of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) over a three-year period. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done to determine the pattern of cases seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, between 2017 and 2019. Case files of all patients seen within the study period were retrieved, and all were included in the study. Relevant information such as age, gender, social class, diagnosis for both adolescent and nonadolescent age groups, treatment modalities, clinical subspecialties involved in management, and the outcome were retrieved. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 25, and results were presented as ratios, means, and proportions, whereas comparisons were made with the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact were applicable. P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 220 clients were seen over the given period. The adolescents were 148 (67.3%), whereas nonadolescents were 72 (32.7%). Among the adolescents, common diagnoses include sexual assault (24.3%), acne (8.1%), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) (8.1%), HIV (8.1%), somatisation disorder (6.8%), suicide attempts (5.4%), oppositional deviant disorders (4.1%), and conduct disorder (2.7%). In nonadolescents, common diagnoses include sepsis (30.6%), Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) (30.6%), and malaria (11.1%). There was a significant difference between the adolescents and nonadolescents with respect to diagnosis (P < 0.001), treatment modalities (P < 0.001), type of care received (P < 0.001), and outcome (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The study has portrayed that the common medical conditions seen among adolescents include sexual assault, acne, HIV, PID/STI, and somatisation. This will be useful in developing health-care services and program geared toward adolescent health.

Evaluation of the effects of the toilet training process on the children's quality of life.

Toilet training is a significant developmental milestone for children. During the process of toilet training, voiding and defecation problems may develop, which have a major adverse impact on the child's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess voiding and defecation problems in the process of toilet training and evaluate how these issues influenced the children's QoL. The children included in the study were followed up at the Department of Social Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine. Participants were surveyed via a questionnaire that included sociodemographic features, the toilet training process, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. The study included 177 children and their parents. There was no correlation between the parents' age, sociodemographic features, or the timing of the start of toilet training. Voiding problems were found in 55.6% and defecation problems in 23.6% of the children included in the study. Urinary retention during play and nocturnal enuresis were more frequent in the children toilet trained at 25-36months of age. The self-reported QoL scores in children with voiding problems and with both voiding and defecation problems were lower than those in children did not have any problems. Even if a child has been toilet trained, it is essential to investigate daily urination and defecation habits at every follow-up visit and to discuss with families when a physician should be consulted.

Review on Prevention of Cerebral Palsy from the Perspective of Social Pediatrics.

Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy with multiple etiologies. Several interventions toward perinatal risk factors, intrapartum asphyxia, and head injury or infection have been evaluated in order to deal with irreversible brain damage. Antenatal-intrapartum and neonatal interventions mainly focus on preventing hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and growth restriction. Among these preventive interventions, magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection of the fetus in women at risk of preterm birth and therapeutic hypothermia (cooling of body or just brain) for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have effectively reduced cerebral palsy risk. There is still a lack of literature on the effectiveness of preventive interventions toward postnatally acquired brain injury. Social pediatricians are concerned with identifying, reducing, or eliminating risk factors of cerebral palsy and encourage a comprehensive approach to providing integrated and personalized care to children with cerebral palsy with the support of their families and communities.

A Review of Patients with False Positive Cystic Fibrosis Screening Tests in the Light of Current Literature

Amaç: Kistik fibrozis (KF); tekrarlayan akciğer enfeksiyonları, mekonyum ileusu, pankreatik yetmezlik gibi bulgularla seyreden ve birden fazla sistemi tutabilen, yenidoğan döneminden başlayabilen kronik bir hastalıktır. Kistik fibrozis otozomal resesif geçişli bir hastalık olup ülkemizde sıklığının 1/2500-1/3000 olduğu düşünülmektedir1. Hastalığın erken tanısını koyup erken tedaviye başlayabilmek için Türkiye’de 2015 yılında yenidoğan tarama programlarına KF tarama programı eklendi ve İmmünoReaktif Tripsinojen (IRT) enzimini ölçmeye dayanan bir testtir2. Araştırmamızda, iki KF tarama testide pozitif olup Çocuk Sağlığı İzlem Polikliniği’ne gönderilen bebekleri klinik ve ter testi sonucuyla beraber değerlendirerek KF tarama testi yanlış pozitifliklerin nedenlerini irdelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Retrospektif yaptığımız bu çalışmada KF yenidoğan tarama testleri pozitif olduğu için 2018 yılında gönderilen bebeklerimizin ter testleri sonuçlarını ve klinik bilgilerini dosya kayıtlarından elde ettik. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce Etik Kurulu onayı alındı. Klinik ve ter testi sonuçlarına göre KF riski yüksek olan hastalarımız kesin tanı için KF referans hastanesine yönlendirilmişti. KF tanısı almayan ve tarama testleri yanlış pozitif olan vakaların sosyodemografik bilgileri, öykü, fizik muayene, prognozları ve test bilgileri ile tarama testleri sonuçları birlikte değerlendirilerek yanlış pozitifliğe neden olan faktörler istatiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya aldığımız 16 vakanın demografik bilgileri ve prognozları çizelgelerde belirtilmektedir. Polikliniğe başvurdukları ilk gün yaşları ortalama 133,75±82,15 günlüktü (%57’si erkek bebekti). Doğum haftası ve tartısı, YDYBÜ’ sine yatış ve antibiyotik alma süresi, uzamış sarılık, kardeş ölümü ve ilk mekonyumun gecikme öyküsü tarama testleriyle istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkili bulunurken diğer bulgularla aralarında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada KF tarama testinde yanlış pozitifliğin olabileceği ve bunu açıklayan faktörler olduğu tekrar vurgulanmış oldu. KF tarama testinin yanlış pozitifliğinin fazla olduğu bilinmesine rağmen tarama testi pozitif olan her hastaya ter testi kesinlikle yapılmalıdır. Kliniğinde şüpheli bir bulgusu olan ve/veya ter testi arada bir değerde olan ve/veya KF risk faktörü taşıyan her bebek tekrar değerlendirmeli ve kliniğinin ilerleyen aylarda da çıkabileceği unutulmamalıdır.

The Importance of Structural Parameters for Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses

Im März 2018 eröffnete in Wildbad in der Steiermark die erste österreichische Rehabilitationsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendliche mit Störungsbildern aus dem Bereich „Mental Health“. Unter diesem Begriff werden vonseiten der (Österreichischen Gesundheitskasse (ÖGK)) Diagnosen aus Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Entwicklungs- und Sozialpädiatrie und Psychosomatik subsummiert. Nach den ersten beiden COVID-19-bedingten Lockdowns zeigte sich ein eindeutiger Überhang der Zuweisungen aus dem kinder-/jugendpsychiatrischen Spektrum. Daher entschied man sich für eine Spezialisierung, was die Behandlungsplanung deutlich erleichterte. Diese Spezialisierung brachte auch eine Einschränkung der Altersgruppe mit sich, sodass wir in erster Linie Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren behandelten. Tendenziell bemerkten wir durch die Homogenisierung, dass die Patientinnen und Patienten zufriedener und innerlich gefestigter den Aufenthalt beenden konnten. Daher stellten wir uns die Frage nach der Ursache dieses vermeintlich positiven Effekts. Wir entwickelten einen Fragenbogen, um die unserer Erfahrung nach wesentlichsten Punkte abzufragen und vergleichen zu können. Zu Beginn des Aufenthalts wurden Eigenmotivation, subjektiv empfundene Einschränkung durch die Erkrankung und eigene Rehabilitationsziele abgefragt. Am Ende des Aufenthalts versuchten wir, eine differenzierte Einschätzung von Symptomverbesserung und daraus resultierende Effekte für den Alltag abzubilden.

Investigating the Approaches and Knowledge Levels of Parents of Children at the Ages of 0-14 About Basic First Aid

Aim: The accidents experienced in childhood are a public health problem due to their potential outcomes, and they require collaboration with family physicians. This study aimed to investigate the basic first aid approaches and knowledge levels of parents who bring their children to the outpatient clinics of the Department of Family Medicine and Social Pediatrics at Ankara University School of Medicine. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted between 19 October 2020 and 16 November 2020 was approved by the Ankara University Human Research Ethics Committee. The data were collected face-to-face using a survey form and were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 15.0 package program. Results: In this study, 229 parents in total were reached. 55.9% of the participants had first aid training and a higher rate of considering themselves adequate about first aid. The participants with first aid training, those with high income, those with high education levels, and those with a driver's license answered more questions correctly. Conclusion: Although our study participants had relatively very high education levels, there were issues about which their first aid knowledge was lacking, and these results revealed the importance of providing parents with first aid training once again. Keywords: family practice, child care, parents, first aid, accidents