Social Peace Research Articles

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Speech acts and language styles of Biden’s victory speech for promoting peace values

The importance of language in expressing ideas and ideologies has always been a focus of public debate in politics. The persons in charge of the reins of power become a source of concern, as well as the language they use. As a result, this research looks into the speech acts, language styles, and how they express peace values from Biden’s victory speech. A qualitative research design was used. Biden’s pragma stylistics and peace values were extracted from his victory speech in Wilmington, Delaware on November 7, 2020. This study focused on three aspects, namely: categories of illocutionary acts, language style based on sentence structure, and peace values. The data were analyzed following these stages: data condensation, data display, and drawing/verifying conclusions. The results showed that the most common illocutionary type employed in diverse language styles in Biden’s victory speech was commissive. Presumably, politicians have become accustomed to making promises or making commitments in order to entice citizens to vote for them. In addition, two types of peace values (inner peace and social peace) were discovered along with three types of language styles: parallelism, antithesis, and repetition (epizeuxis, anaphora, and anadiplosis), with more than half of the data employing parallelism as the language style. The majority of Biden’s speech focused on social peace to keep social life free of internal strife.

Oil Crops and Social Conflict: Evidence From Indonesia

When do agricultural transformations impact social stability? Cash crops are typically associated with economic prosperity and social peace. I argue agricultural booms may spur violent conflict over resource allocation by pitting would-be producers against incumbent landowners when the gains from production are concentrated and the negative externalities are diffuse. I study the rapid expansion of oil palm in Indonesia, a growingly important crop in the global economy. I find when oil palm grows more valuable and expands within producing districts, violent resource conflicts increase. The positive relationship does not exist for other cash crops, nor other types of conflict, and is moderated by the presence of sustainability certified processing mills. The results connect commodity shocks to non-state violence over resources, and suggest land use change is an important mechanism connecting agricultural booms to social conflict.

"SLAMETHAN ASSÎR" as A Media of Harmonization between Individual Happiness and Social Peace

The kiai of the Besuki Residency in the past, had local wisdom in carrying out social harmonization to achieve mutual happiness. One of them is through "Slamethan Assîr" which is carried out by the community so that they can grow and develop in their careers. This study aims to understand the meaning of achieving happiness and prosperity in life through "Slamethan Assîr" and its implementation in career development, from the perspective of self-concept theory of career development. This research uses the ethnographic method. The results of this study indicate that "Slamethan Assîr" means as a guide that a career must contain the value of worship, hoping for blessings for the family, and giving charity to maintain harmony with neighbors. Career development is a process of developing self-concept; self-quality and competence and paying attention to the environmental context. The standard of career success is to feel prosperous and happy with family, friends, or neighbors and must be in line with the pleasure of Allah. So they will avoid corrupt, fraudulent, and other heinous acts. This research is useful for the development of the psychology of entrepreneurship and career

A Novel Public Opinion Polarization Model Based on BA Network

At present, the polarization of online public opinion is becoming more frequent, and individuals actively participate in attitude interactions more and more frequently. Thus, online views have become the dominant force in current public opinion. However, the rapid fermentation of polarized public opinion makes it very easy for actual topic views to go to extremes. Significantly, negative information seriously affects the healthy development of the social opinion ecology. Therefore, it is beneficial to maintain national credibility, social peace, and stability by exploring the communication structure of online public opinions, analyzing the logical model of extreme public attitudes, and guiding the communication of public opinions in a timely and reasonable manner. Starting from the J–A model and BA network, this paper explores the specific attributes of individuals and opinion network nodes. By incorporating parameters such as individual conformity and the strength of individual online relationships, we established a model of online group attitude polarization, then conducted simulation experiments on the phenomenon of online opinion polarization. Through simulations, we found that individual conformity and the difference in environmental attitude greatly influence the direction of opinion polarization events. In addition, crowd mentality makes individuals spontaneously choose the side of a particular, extreme view, which makes it easier for polarization to form and reach its peak.

The Right to Freedom of Expression: A Research Analysis During the Caliphate of Umar Farooq (R.A)

Freedom of expression is a highly crucial topic. Both suppressing as well as misusing this right is a morally objectionable act which leads to many social issues. Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) rule is believed to be the golden era of human history. Critics are of the opinion that freedom of expression was negated in this period. It goes without saying that in the modern world, the concept of freedom of expression is projected in a narrow and dubious way. This research paper judiciously strives to reveal the indiscriminative and unbiased face of this fundamental right, and categorically clarifies the actual aspects of the freedom of expression in the rule of Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A). It has been inferred through research that in the time of Hazrar Umar Farooq (R.A) Muslim and Non-Muslims citizen alike enjoyed the liberty of giving their opinion on social problems, making positive and constructive criticisms to ensure efficient governance. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was always found to be quick in talking stringent measures against any such propaganda that could harm the self-respect of someone and ignite prejudice or hatred against any segment of society. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the enthusiastic proponent of such freedom of thought or expression that could be pivotal in spreading righteousness and social harmony. At the end of research paper few recommendations have been made to necessarily curb the vitriolic propaganda disseminated under the pretext of freedom of expression. It has been unequivocally asserted that spreading falsehood leads to promoting prejudice, sectarianism and social disharmony that causes social instability and peace lessness.

Investigating Peace Values Portrayed in Non-Government English Textbook for Senior High School Students

Textbooks are often perceived as a platform that could greatly influence students' development in terms of character. Students could receive influential peace education through textbooks as a medium of teaching and learning. Consequently, it is absolutely necessary for any textbook used by the teacher to contain the necessary peace values required to shape students' excellent character. This study was an effort to carefully examine the portrayal of peace values in English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks for senior high school students in Indonesia. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and semiotic by Roland Barthes's (1977) framework was selected as the tool to further elaborate on the kinds of peace values presents within the English textbook and also how exactly those peace values voice out the peace values. The result showed that the selected textbook has managed to integrate the necessary peace values. However, massive imbalances of representation can be identified due to the lack of peace with nature and the abundance of social peace.

Street Youth Groups in Sidi Moussa/Morocco: The Everyday Resistance of Precariousness

Abstract Street youth groups (syg) in Morocco represent underground urban counterculture where “class conflict” is being fed by lack of opportunities to climb the social ladder. Indefinable and tormenting globalization (Montgomery, 2019; Wacquant, 2009) has psychologically and socially transformed youth into social “victims”/dreamers of a “modern” wellbeing. Social inequalities exacerbated by covid-19 pandemic produced new precarious youths at the margins of “patronaged” neoliberal policies implemented for buying social peace policies. In this context, this paper is based on an ethnographic research with “Tcharmil” Street youth in the neighborhood of Sidi Moussa in Sale, twin city of the Capital Rabat known for urban violence in substandard housing. In this paper, I argue that these “Mcharmlin” youth are resisting marginalization through invading streets and imposing their “subculture” as a “non-movement” (Bayat, 2013) against inequalities. These humans of Sidi Moussa who are young and poor, facing the Atlantic and far from the Capital about 30 minutes behind walled ancient city of Sale of Corsairs, dreaming of a stable life, job and respect from society, living in “Zanqa 0”. Youth refusing nothingness are invading streets which do not have even a name as all streets are numbered from 0 to 14. each narrow street faces the Atlantic either you escape, or you get stuck if you turn your back on the Atlantic.

PROBLEMS REGARDING THE USE AND CONTROL OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A PROPAGANDA TOOL IN CONTEXT OF DIGITAL DEMOCRACY

In the context of digital democracy, the use of social media for propaganda purposes causes control problems in terms of administrative units. Discussions on the control of social media, which is preferred due to advanced message transmission facilities, are stuck between democracy and security concerns. It can be said that the use of such channels by both legal and illegal organizations requires an audit. However, due to their foreign origin and global spread, the control of this field cannot be fully ensured. On the other hand, the fact that local law practices can suppress opposition blocks in favor of the governments makes this area problematic in terms of digital democracy. As a result of this qualitative analytical research conducted with the literature review method, it is seen that legal and illegal organizations use social media effectively to spread their messages within the framework of the concept of democratic rights. Meanwhile, acts incompatible with local law and social morality may occur. Since control mechanisms have a responsibility to establish and maintain social peace, these channels should be kept under control in terms of criminal acts. In a virtual environment where all geographies meet, where the definition of rights and crimes can change, it is inevitable that the supervisory bodies will be forced during the implementation of local legal rules. Despite this, it is essential to provide an audit that protects human rights within the criteria of democracy, justice and equity, encourages the formation of the public sphere, and guarantees organizational and individual freedoms.

Threats to Poland's Internal Security during the Fight against the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic

The analysis of threats to Poland's internal security during the first year of the fight against the COVID-19 virus pandemic was the aim of the article. The study was based on the theoretical assumptions of this phenomenon and the most important determinants in the area of the political system, social peace and public order, which led to the disruption of the existing social order. The research was based on the descriptive concept and qualitative data analysis, with the interpretation of information contained primarily in the literature on the subject, normative acts, recent scientific studies, as well as media reports. The study ended with a positive verification of the following hypotheses: 1) Actions taken by the government during the fight against the COVID-19 virus pandemic posed threats to Poland's internal security and 2) During the first year of the fight against the pandemic, events occurred that disrupted internal security in the systemic area, social peace and public order.

Rethinking the Robe River dispute 1986-7 – de-unionisation in Australia’s Pilbara iron ore industry in the early neoliberal period

ABSTRACT The Robe River dispute of 1986-7 was the anti-union New Right’s first attempt to defeat union power at a large workforce in Australia. This occurred during an industrial relations period of ‘cooperation’ between unions, employers and government under Australia’s social contract – the Accord. The dispute was also the first successful attack of its kind in Western Australia’s highly strike-prone Pilbara iron ore industry. Despite its subsequent victory, Robe River management was in a weak position during the dispute, and successful industrial action was a viable prospect. Unionists at the Robe River company were the most militant in the industry. Yet after a six-month dispute, union power was no longer. This article argues union officials’ strategy of avoiding industrial action at all costs led to defeat. This strategy was adopted in the context of firstly, the social contract promising peace between unions and employers, secondly, the Pilbara industrial relations environment of strong localised grassroots networks of union power, conflict with metropolitan-based union officials, and worker encroachment on managerial prerogative, and thirdly, the contingent conservatism of the trade union bureaucracy. Union power in the Pilbara had underlying political weaknesses, meaning that an alternative strategy to that adopted by the union bureaucracy did not win out.

Social Reconciliation Domains in Poomani's Agnaadi

His family is a full-time farmer. If only he was good enough and everyone wants to be good. That is why he became accustomed to social harmony with everyone, regardless of caste, religion or race. Agnaadi novelist Boomani has pointed out with various evidences of the harmony he has manifested in various evolutions, such as helping others in times of distress, speaking comfortingly and being with them. Andy's concern for his surviving friend Vannan Gudi, Marie, and his family, as well as his assistance to the Nadar people, speaks volumes that he is a social peace activist. The harmony he has with the Parakudi Sanas is as great as the harmony he has over the Nadar and Nayakar castes. Man, not only symbolizes how to love man but also sets an example for future generations the upper castes will speak proudly of Andy's seed. They say he inquires about crop yields just as they inquire about spots. This article describes Andy's professional harmony with this aristocrat.

Long after Dayton: a journey through visual representations of war and peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT This article is a contribution to the current debates in conflict and peace studies that examines the contributions of creative approaches to postwar peacebuilding. It mainly asks how post-conflict peacebuilding can be achieved and promoted through the use of creative approaches and what the potential challenges and limitations are in realizing postwar peacebuilding through creative approaches. We relied on primary qualitative visual data and interview data generated on the photographic exhibition of ‘War of Memories’ curated in 2017 by the Centre for Non-Violent Action, a civil society organization working on the theme of postwar peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Serbia. Findings suggest the creative initiatives can play a positive role at individual level, but their translation into macro-level sustainable social peace is challenging, as long as the structural impediments to peace, prevailing unequal ethnic power relations and ethnicised social and political ordering of the society remain unaddressed.

Gender- and power sensitivity, securitisation and social peace: rethinking protection for children exposed to post-separation violence

This article offers a rethinking of protection based on synthesised data from Finland and Sweden on children’s and mothers’ experiences of post-separation stalking, and social workers’ case reports on children risking exposure to gender-based violence after separation. Drawing on critical childhood studies and a feminist approach to violence and security, we ask how children’s everyday lives can be incorporated in a rethinking of protection for children in post-separation contexts. Departing from identified limitations in protective solutions for children, we propose three ways of rethinking the issue of protection: (1) protection as gender- and power sensitivity, (2) protection as securitising the here and now, and (3) protection as social peace. Our findings call for some changes in professional practices, social policy and legislation.

How Millennials Can Promote Social Harmony through Intercultural Communication at Higher Education

Intercultural communication is a fundamental key to build social harmony. This study aims to investigate students’ perceptions on promoting social harmony through intercultural communication practices in Indonesia as a multi ethnic and multi culture country. It also investigates the elements that are needed to build social harmony in Indonesia, so that the government of the Republic of Indonesia could take the study report as a reference for formulating policy in social development in Indonesia. This study uses a mix-methods research design (quantitative-qualitative) with a descriptive statistical paradigm that describes the mean, SD, percentage, weight, and rank followed by a detailed explanation of the statements given by the subject. The subjects of this study were students of the Department of English, Faculty of Language and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar for the 2019/2020 academic year. The research instrument was a closed and open questionnaire. Therefore, this study indicates that: (1) The results show that several positive behaviors of people from different ethnic groups need to be encouraged, for example tolerance, mutual understanding, mutual respect, not demeaning different tribes, and (2) The results also show that positive stereotypes and inclusive behavior are very important in building social harmony and peace in multi-ethnic countries. The implication of this research is to build social harmony in Indonesia as a multiethnic country that is hampered by hundreds of ethnic groups, cross-cultural competence (CCC) and intercultural communication are very important among Indonesian people, especially for millennials as important elements of social life.

Education for Sustainable Development and Social Tolerance: Evidence from Teacher Education Institutions in Pakistan

Education for sustainable development is an evolving notion in teacher education that highlights the need for tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Therefore, there is a greater need to elucidate the contributions of teacher educators in promoting social tolerance through Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). In addition, it is crucial to understand the challenges faced by teacher educators while dealing with the intolerant, extremist views and/or behaviors in a particular social setting. In doing so, this research interviewed teacher educators (N=12) through a purposive sampling strategy to determine the respondents’ views about the promotion of social tolerance strategies integrated with ESD. The data was analyzed through qualitative data analysis software (NVivo) and themes were extracted based on the analysis plots. The research argues that the promotion of social tolerance within teacher education through ESD is a multi-layered process and requires attention at the policy level. It suggests that the existing structure of the Teacher Education program and the curricula are barely in line with the indicated ESD contents and strategies (integration with teaching and learning) needed to promote social tolerance and societal peace in Pakistan.

Education for Sustainable Development and Social Tolerance: Evidence from Teacher Education Institutions in Pakistan

Education for sustainable development is an evolving notion in teacher education that highlights the need for tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Therefore, there is a greater need to elucidate the contributions of teacher educators in promoting social tolerance through Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). In addition, it is crucial to understand the challenges faced by teacher educators while dealing with the intolerant, extremist views and/or behaviors in a particular social setting. In doing so, this research interviewed teacher educators (N=12) through a purposive sampling strategy to determine the respondents’ views about promoting social tolerance strategies integrated with ESD. The data was analyzed through qualitative data analysis software (NVivo), and themes were extracted based on the analysis plots. The research argues that promoting social tolerance within teacher education through ESD is a multi-layered process and requires attention at the policy level. It suggests that the existing structure of the Teacher Education program and the curricula are barely in line with the indicated ESD contents and strategies (integration with teaching and learning) needed to promote social tolerance and societal peace in Pakistan.

Apocalypse or Zion? How Eschatology Affects Attitudes toward Social Peace Among Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) hold differing eschatological views in relation to the role of God and His followers in ushering in the Second Coming of Christ and a thousand years of peace. Some emphasize the human responsibility to create peaceful conditions on earth to usher in Christ’s return (Human Action eschatology), others emphasize the role of Christ in creating peaceful conditions on earth upon His return (Divine Action eschatology), and others view peace as the result of both human and divine action with equal emphasis (Co-participation eschatology). In this study, we compare differences in personal attitudes of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social peace across these eschatologies. Four hundred and five LDS participants completed the Eschatological Attitudinal Survey (EAS), the Congruence Scale, the Prosocial Personality Battery, and the Social Justice Scale. Participants with a Divine Action eschatology scored higher on measures of intrapersonal peace and lower on measures of social peace. Conversely, participants with a Human Action eschatology scored lower on intrapersonal peace and higher on issues of social peace. By contrast, participants with a Co-participation eschatology were more likely to give equal weight to all three measures of peace: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social.

Mujeres movilizadas en el 68 uruguayo: el movimiento por la justicia y la paz social desde la teoría del framing

This article analyzes the demonstration organized in Montevideo on the 26th of September of 1968, by women who would later constitute the “Feminine Movement for Justice and Social Peace” (Movimiento Femenino por la Justicia y la Paz Social). For this purpose, the article builds on the Political Sociology and Political Science studies of social movements ―especially the framing theory―, as well as on studies which have analyzed women’s movements in 20th Century Latin America. The article concludes that the activists made a strategic use of the dominant values and beliefs existent in the cultural stock about women’s role. These were articulated in an interpretative frame which achieved the successful mobilization of new adherents, the spectators’ support and the press’s sympathy, through a frame alignment process. It also avoided police repression successfully, in an authoritarian context where it was expected that the law and order forces would unleash their violence against any expression of opposition to the government. Finally, taking into account that social movements contribute to enrich the cultural stock and repertoire of protest from one protest cycle to the next, we propose that this demonstration was one of the first ones to use silence as a form of protest associated with denouncing repressive actions of state authoritarianism in the Southern Cone.

Ignorant of Ukraine

For a long time, many Germans sympathized with authoritarian Russia and shied away from Ukraine, which has been moulded by civil society. Representatives of this position were the Social Democrats security expert Egon Bahr and peace activist Erhard Eppler, as well as the former chancellors Helmut Schmidt and Gerhard Schröder. For decades, they advocated the maxim that peace was only possible in concert with, not against the Soviet Union or Russia. This became a guiding principle of the Federal Republic of Germany’s foreign policy. Fixated on Russia as a superpower, these politicians ignored Ukraine, subordinated its right to freedom and self-determination to the alleged security and stability interests of Moscow and Berlin, and clung to thinking in terms of spheres of influence. These positions have outlived their usefulness, as has the recipe for “change through trade”.