Social Participation Of People Research Articles

Effectiveness of interventions aimed at social participation in people with schizophrenia: systematic review

Resumen Introducción La participación social es considerada una de las áreas ocupacionales de vital importancia en las vidas de las personas con esquizofrenia. Por ello, cuando existe una limitación en esta área ocupacional es necesario generar estrategias de intervención que favorezcan y posibiliten el acceso a las mismas. Objetivos Conocer la efectividad de diferentes intervenciones en la participación social en usuarios con esquizofrenia. Método Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en tres bases de datos de ámbito sanitario y social: Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science Los criterios de inclusión fueron: adultos diagnosticados de esquizofrenia, estudios experimentales publicados en los últimos 10 años en inglés, castellano y portugués excluyendo los artículos de opinión y con menos de 10 participantes. Se seleccionaron un total de 13 estudios. Todos los trabajos fueron evaluados de acuerdo a un checklist. Resultados La intervención más efectiva ha sido la Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), con unos resultados de: mejora en la remisión sintomatológica de 43,98 puntos en comparación el grupo control; en cuanto a los reingresos hospitalarios 19,05%; respecto a la funcionalidad social, ha tenido una mejora de 11,36 puntos; por último, respecto a la calidad de vida ha habido una mejora de 1,40 puntos. Conclusiones La participación social es fundamental en el proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial, de un usuario con esquizofrenia. La ACT ha mostrado mejores resultados de forma significativa frente a la Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR). Debemos tomar con cautela los resultados obtenidos debido a las limitaciones de este estudio, donde resalta la poca evidencia científica disponible sobre esta temática.

Impact of exercise training on symptoms of depression, physical activity level and social participation in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundSymptoms of depression are prevalent in people living with human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (PLWHA), and worsened by lack of physical activity/exercises, leading to restriction in social participation/functioning. This raises the question: what is the extent to which physical exercise training affected, symptoms of depression, physical activity level (PAL) and social participation in PLWHA compared to other forms of intervention, usual care, or no treatment controls?MethodEight databases were searched up to July 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Only randomised controlled trials involving adults who were either on HAART/HAART-naïve and reported in the English language, were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies, extracted data, assessed their quality, and risk of bias using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was used as summary statistics for the mean primary outcome (symptoms of depression) and secondary outcomes (PAL and social participation) since different measuring tools/units were used across the included studies. Summary estimates of effects were determined using a random-effects model (I2).ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria with 779 participants (n = 596 participants at study completion) randomised into the study groups, comprising 378 males, 310 females and 91 participants with undisclosed gender, and with an age range of 18–86 years. Across the studies, aerobic or aerobic plus resistance exercises were performed 2–3 times/week, at 40–60 min/session, and for between 6-24 weeks, and the risk of bias vary from high to low. Comparing the intervention to control groups showed significant difference in the symptoms of depression (SMD = − 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.01, − 0.48, p ≤ 0.0002; I2 = 47%; 5 studies; 205 participants) unlike PAL (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI − 0.25, 2.17, p = 0.11; I2 = 82%; 2 studies; 62 participants) and social participation (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI − 0.65, 0.73, p = 0.91; I2 = 90%; 6 studies; 373 participants).ConclusionPhysical exercise training could have an antidepressant-like effect in PLWHA but did not affect PAL and social participation. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies, implies that adequately powered randomised controlled trials with clinical/methodological similarity are required in future studies.Trail Registration numberINPLASY202040048.

Stakeholders' Expectations of Return-to-Work After Spinal Cord Injury: A 1-Year Follow-Up.

Understanding the process of return-to-work is key to supporting people's social participation and health after a disability. This phenomenographic study aimed to explore the expectations and ways of understanding return-to-work from the perspectives of three stakeholder types: three workers with spinal cord injuries, their employers, and an occupational therapist coordinator. Participants were interviewed twice, at 6 and 12 months, after having participated in a research-based return-to-work intervention in Sweden. A phenomenographic approach was used to analyze the data. The findings highlight how stakeholders' different expectations prevented them from openly discussing more flexible arrangements to make return-to-work viable and sustainable. The study contributes to occupational therapy practice by raising awareness of the challenges of work reintegration. It also adds to the body of knowledge in occupational science by illuminating how normative social expectations and policy concerning work/productivity influence the return-to-work process.

Design of the PERSPECTIVE study: PERsonalized SPEeCh Therapy for actIVE conversation in Parkinson\u2019s disease (randomized controlled trial)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of personalized and home-based speech therapy on quality of life, intelligibility, and social participation for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who have a reduced intelligibility of speech.BackgroundSpeech problems in PD have a profound negative impact on social interaction and quality of life. Evidence for speech therapy in PD is growing, but more work remains needed to explore its full potential. Efficacy exists for highly intensive standardized speech treatment programs, but not all patients can comply with this rather intense intervention, especially the more severely affected ones. Here, we aim to study the effectiveness of personalized and home-based (remote) speech therapy in PD on quality of life and speech. The intervention will be supported by a dedicated speech training app. We expect that this approach will improve speech intelligibility and quality of life in patients irrespective of disease stage.MethodsWe will perform a single blind, randomized controlled trial, comparing 8 weeks of speech therapy to no intervention using a waiting list design. A total of 215 PD patients with problems in intelligibility will be recruited by 12 highly experienced speech therapists. All patients will be measured at baseline and after 8 weeks (primary endpoint). Additionally, the experimental group will be re-assessed one more time, after a wash-out period of 24 weeks. The control group will receive deferred treatment after 8 weeks, but without additional follow-up assessments. Our primary outcome is quality of life (as measured with PDQ-39). Secondary outcomes include speech and voice quality, intelligibility, severity of voice and speech complaints, and caregiver burden.ResultsThe inclusion of participants has started on March 1, 2019, and is expected to be finalized on April 1, 2021. We expect to have the first results in January 2022.ConclusionsWe will investigate the effectiveness of speech therapy in PD. Particular strengths of our study include a randomized and single-blinded design, the personalized treatment approach, the inclusion of PD patients irrespective of disease stage or severity of the speech complaint, the long-term follow-up, the adequate power, and the use of a patient-relevant primary endpoint. This will allow us to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of personalized and remote speech therapy for PD patients in all disease stages.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03963388. Registered on May 24, 2019

A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the Lives of People With Disabilities During COVID-19.

PurposeThis scoping review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to everyday activities and social participation of people with a disability (PWD) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe search terms (disability and COVID-19) were used in four databases: CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), EMBASE and Web of Science. The search conducted from January 2019 to September 22, 2020, identified 465 peer reviewed articles and abstracts and were screened in Covidence software. Studies were included if they had the terms “COVID-19” and “disability,” were published in English, and specifically examined how COVID-19 impacted the daily lives of PWD. Exclusion criteria included: disability as a symptom or result of COVID-19, the health outcomes when PWD acquired COVID-19, disability leave for someone who is sick and the risk of acquiring the disease for PWD. 74 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed via data charting. Charting began with existing barriers and facilitators identified by the World Health Organization and new barriers and facilitators, that emerged from the texts were added during this process.ResultsThe barriers that emerged included: access to information, ease of communication, financial impacts, mental health impacts, access to essential services, physical safety, educational challenges, and changes to care and rehabilitation. Significant facilitators included: changes to care and rehabilitation, new innovations, social and familial support and inclusive policy measures.ConclusionCOVID-19 exacerbated existing challenges in the lives of PWD and raised new quality of life concerns. Findings also demonstrate that policy makers, health care professionals and others continually support PWD in times of crisis.

People and places: social and physical aspects of life experienced by persons with disability after their relocation to community

The article discusses the issues related to the integration of people with intellectual disabilities and mental disorders in the community after they have relocated to a community group home. The ecological mapping approach reveals and compares aspects of the physical and social participation of people with disabilities and other community members.

Strategies to Design Technology Promoting Social Participation of People With Dementia and Their Caregivers

Community-dwelling people with dementia and their caregivers face increasing challenges to active social participation as the condition progresses. Potential difficulties include disclosing the condition, navigating through available support and sustaining interpersonal relationships. Dementia-friendly support services and interventions targeting caregiving dyads can promote social participation. Interventions serve as a communication channel for the dyads to engage, interact and partake in their community. Technology as a facilitator is gaining momentum; increasing evidence suggests that technological solutions contribute to promoting social health for people with dementia and family caregivers. Patient and public involvement and rigorous evaluations of solutions are needed to ensure successful implementation of dementia-friendly technologies. This symposium, presented as a part of the Marie-Curie Innovative-Training-Network action, H2020-MSCA-ITN, grant agreement number 813196, comprises four pertinent presentations. The first presentation outlines the effectiveness of technological interventions to improve social participation of older adults with and without dementia, and barriers and facilitators these interventions present. The second presentation describes disclosure decisions faced by dyads and Patient and public involvement findings on how an existing empowerment intervention supporting disclosure decision-making can transfer to an online environment. The third presentation reports on findings from a study evaluating a tablet-based activation system designed to engage caregiving dyads in social sessions. The final presentation lifts the focus towards how existing online environments can be adapted through dementia-friendly privacy policy agreements, and thereby support social participation of this user group online. Our discussant, Jane Flanagan, synthesizes the presentations and leads a discussion of future directions for policy and practice.

Relationship between balance confidence and social engagement in people with multiple sclerosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships among patient-reported balance confidence and social satisfaction and social participation in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods75 ambulatory pwMS who had sustained at least two falls or near falls in the prior two months self-reported their balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) questionnaire) and social satisfaction and participation (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures). Correlations between the ABC and PROMIS measures were examined using Spearman's rank correlation. ResultsIn a cross-sectional analysis, ABC scores and PROMIS scores for social satisfaction and social participation were statistically significantly correlated (ρ 0.37–0.54, p ≤ 0.001). The correlation between balance confidence and social satisfaction was consistently stronger at each time point than between balance confidence and social participation. ConclusionSelf-reported balance confidence is associated with both social satisfaction and social participation in pwMS who fall. The causal direction of this relationship remains uncertain.

Understanding the Association Between Osteoarthritis and Social Participation: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

The focus on disability in osteoarthritis (OA) has largely been on the ability to perform specific activities, which neglects the greater implications for social participation. We investigated the association between OA and social participation, considering activity limitations and instrumental supports as intervening variables in the association. Data were from 21,214 respondents, ages 45-85 years, from cycle 1 of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The questionnaire elicited information regarding self-reported doctor-diagnosed OA, difficulty with 14 activities, perceived availability and receipt of instrumental supports, and 17 social participation activities. Structural equation modeling was used. The primary outcome was social participation, and the primary predictor was OA. The intervening variables included activity limitations, received instrumental supports, and perceived instrumental supports. Latent variables were developed for intervening and social participation variables. The covariates included age, sex, body mass index, income, education, smoking, and comorbidity count. The mean age of the respondents was 63 years, 51% were female, and 26.5% reported having OA. Two distinct social participation indicators were identified, including social participation-diversity and social participation-intensity. When intervening variables were not considered, minimal/no association was found between OA and social participation. When intervening variables were considered, unique pathways linking OA and social participation were found. The overall negative association between activity limitations and social participation was partially direct and partially buffered by both receipt of and perceived availability of instrumental supports. In the absence of activity limitations, OA was associated with greater social participation. Enhanced social participation in people with OA who do not have activity limitations may reflect proactive steps taken by those with mild OA to maintain activity and social engagement. For those with activity limitations, findings highlight the need for interventions to mitigate limitations and draw particular attention to the importance of both provision and awareness of available instrumental supports in maintaining social participation.

Effect of VR for education to promote the social participation of people with cognitive disorders caused by acquired brain injuries

Brain injuries will often result in some form of permanent damage and lead to disorders such as cognitive and behavioural problems. Although treatments are available, it is likely that the patient and their family will have to learn to live with the disorder and the patient may face challenges related to workplaces and care networks. Ultimately, this can result in the patient retreating from society, which can be damaging to mental health. Professor Tamami Aida, Mejiro University, Japan, is a Director at the Japanese non-profit organisation Minna no centre Omusubi which seeks to make better, more inclusive lives for people with long-term brain injuries. Aida is currently working on a project to help different people involved in the care and treatment of those with acquired brain injuries (ABI). A key focus is educating stakeholders on the process of vocational rehabilitation (VR), which is the end goal of a long process from initial brain injury representing a return to work. She has created informative materials to enlighten stakeholders on the needs of ABI patients and the process of VR, including a video that explains VR and highlights the necessary input of those involved in the care of ABI patients. Ultimately, Aida wants to ensure that people with ABI have a suitable framework to rebuild their lives.

Does internet access make a difference for older adults' cognition in urban China? The moderating role of living arrangements.

Since the mid-1990s, information technology, particularly the diffusion of the internet, has brought tremendous changes to communication and social participation for people in China, including older adults. At the same time, modernisation and urbanisation have transformed the way many people in China live. The traditional multigenerational household-older adults living with adult children and grandchildren-is giving way to other living arrangements, such as living alone or with a spouse only. Using wave 1 of the World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health collected between 2007 and 2010, we examined the extent to which home internet access might be associated with cognitive function in older adults aged 50 or over in urban China (N=5,898), paying attention to the moderating role of living arrangements. We found that home internet access was associated with better cognitive function, and living arrangements played an essential role in such an association for different age groups. Specifically, older adults living alone benefited cognitively from internet access, particularly among those aged 50-64 and 65-74. Those living with a spouse only and those in two-generation households benefited cognitively from internet access, particularly among those aged 50-64 and 75+. Older adults age 75+ in skip-generation households benefited cognitively from internet access. Considering the trend of older adults living apart from their children, our research suggests that providing internet access to older adults in urban China, especially those living alone, could help protect their cognitive function.

Environmental barriers and participation restrictions in community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury in Jiangsu and Sichuan Provinces of China: Results from a cross-sectional survey

Objective: (1) to describe environmental barriers and participation restrictions experienced by people with spinal cord injury (SCI) from China, (2) to examine associations between lesion characteristics and participation restrictions, considering a mediating role of environmental barriers, (3) to identify those environmental barriers that have the largest influence on participation. Design: Cross-sectional study. This study is part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey (InSCI). Setting: Community, Jiangsu and Sichuan Province, China. Participants: 1355 persons with SCI. Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome Measures: Participation restrictions were measured with items from the Model Disability Survey, Environmental Barriers were measured with the Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory-Short Form. Results: Participants experienced a median of five (IQR 1-9) environmental barriers and five (IQR 0-9) participation restrictions. Environmental barriers were mainly reported in relation to climate, insufficient resources and accessibility, and participation restrictions mainly occurred in using public transportation, taking care of others, and getting to places. In an adjusted zero-inflated Poisson model, people with more severe injuries reported a greater number of environmental barriers (complete injury: IRR = 1.31, 95%CI = [1.24,1.38]) and participation restrictions (tetraplegia: IRR = 1.15, 95%CI = [1.10,1.21]; complete injury: IRR = 1.25, 95%CI = [1.18,1.31]). Moreover, environmental barriers (IRR = 1.07, 95%CI = [1.06,1.08]) were a significant predictor of participation restrictions and partially mediated the association of lesion completeness with participation restrictions. Barriers related to accessibility of public places (IRR = 1.47, 95%CI = [1.33,1.62]), accessing homes (IRR = 1.32, 95%CI = [1.21,1.44]), long distance transportation (IRR = 1.11, 95%CI = [1.04,1.20]), communication devices (IRR = 1.07, 95%CI = [1.01,1.15]) and state services (IRR = 1.10, 95%CI = [1.02,1.19]) had the greatest negative impact on participation. Conclusion: Social participation of people with SCI is seriously restricted in China. Removing environmental barriers will be an important element of programs to address this problem.

Factors leading to effective social participation promotion interventions for people with intellectual disability: a protocol for a systematic review

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have been historically excluded from decision-making processes. Previous literature indicates that increasing social participation may be an effective way to address this exclusion, but no systematic review of interventions designed to increase social participation of people with intellectual disabilities have been conducted. This study aims to identify and organize the factors associated with interventions that increase the social participation of people with intellectual disabilities and to provide a set of best of practices for future interventions.Methods/designThe databases Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and PubMed will be searched for articles from January 2004 onwards; grey literature search will be identified through searching additional databases (such as Google Scholar and EBSCO databases). Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, and controlled pre–post studies will be included. Noncontrolled pre–post studies will also be included. Observational or qualitative studies will be excluded. The primary outcomes are measures of social participation. Secondary outcomes include measures of well-being, stigma, knowledge about rights, and advocacy processes. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract relevant data, and assess the quality of the studies. We will provide a meta-analysis of included studies if possible, or a quantitative narrative synthesis otherwise.DiscussionThis systematic review will add to our understanding of effective social participation interventions for people with intellectual disability. It will allow us to identify and organize which factors lead to an increase in social participation and help us define a set of best practices to be followed by future interventions.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020189093

Exploring Factors Associated with Functional Change and Predictors of Participation Improvement-A Two Years Follow-Up on People with Depression.

The purpose of this study is to understand the functional status distribution and to explore the factors associated with changes in functional status and social participation in people with depression using two-year follow-up data. Subjects were selected from the Taiwan Databank of Persons with Disabilities (TDPD) if they had an evaluation date between July 2012 and 31 December 2017. We used data for 1138 individuals with multiple evaluation records and who were diagnosed with depression. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) was the primary functional status measure. Other factors selected from the TDPD included social demographic data, living situation, employment status, economic status, and educational level. The results show scores in all dimensions of the WHODAS 2.0 declined over two years, especially in the domains of cognition, household activities, social participation, and total WHODAS 2.0 score. Aging groups showed poor recovery in cognition, getting along with others, and household activities. People living in suburban areas showed poorer recovery than people living in rural and urban areas in cognition, self-care, and general function (total score of WHODAS 2.0). Employment was also strongly associated with functional recovery in household activities, social participation, and general function. The original scores for cognition and getting along with others showed a significant negative relationship with social participation improvement. Our results can be used by policy makers to provide resources and conduct investigations, and by clinicians when making rehabilitation plans.

Quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy and social participation of persons living with mobility-related disability using mobility aids devices within select Nigerian communities

Background/purpose Disability has gained further global attention as a result of the integration of persons with disabilities into the societies. However, the association among quality of life (QoL), self-esteem (SE), self-efficacy (SEf) and social participation (SP) is inconclusive. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation among QoL, SE, SEf and SP in people living with mobility-related disability using mobility aid devices (MADs) in some selected communities of Enugu State. Methods This cross-sectional survey involved 200 consenting participants (mean age = 37.47 ± 13.00 years) purposively recruited from four different sampled communities who have community-based rehabilitation (CBR) services. Quality of life (QoL), SE, SEf and SP of participants were explored using 36-item Short Form Survey, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Participation Scale respectively. Data obtained was summarised using frequency counts, mean, standard deviation and analysed using spearman’s Rank Order Correlation, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The mean QoL, SEf, SE, and SP of the participants are 55.06 ± 10.67, 25.00 ± 5.57, 16.36 ± 4.33 and 35.60 ± 13.50 respectively, which imply moderate QoL and SEf, high SE and severe restricted participation. QoL, SEf, SE, and SP significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.05). There was no significant influence of gender and occupational status of the participants on their QoL, SE, SEf and SP (p > 0.05). Conclusion Persons living with mobility-related disabilities have moderate QoL and SEf, high self-esteem and severe restriction in SP. QoL, SEf, SE, and SP correlated with one another. The possibility of improving other constructs by targeting one can be explored in disability rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The increasing prevalence of disability presented the need to study four constructs of well-being (Quality of Life, Self-esteem, Self-efficacy and Social participation). The perception of one’s status and position in life can be negatively impacted upon by a mobility-related disability. Social participation may improve satisfaction and quality of life, which in turn could lead to better self-esteem and self-efficacy.

Neighborhood environment, social participation, and physical activity in older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A mediation analysis

Older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis (LLOA) are highly dependent on their physical and social environment for being physically active. Longitudinal data from 2286 older adults (Mage=73.8 years; 50.3% female) in six European countries were analyzed using cross-lagged Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and multi-group SEM. In cross-sectional analyses, neighborhood resources were associated with physical activity (r=0.26;p<.001) and social participation (r=0.13;p=.003). Physical activity at follow-up was associated with neighborhood resources, with this relationship mediated by social participation in people with LLOA (β=0.018;p=.013). To promote future physical activity, opportunities to socially engage in neighborhoods need to be targeted primarily to people with LLOA.

Social Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Rural Areas of the Philippines

Social Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Rural Areas of the Philippines

“amik@” Social media platform for people with intellectual disability

Amik@ is an innovative project that connects people with and without intellectual disability (ID), in cherished and safe environments, through a digital platform that strongly follows digital inclusion principles. The Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) solution aims to promote interpersonal relationships and social participation of people with ID, in which life and learning experiences, provided by face-to-face social interaction, brings benefits to participants. A literature review was made on needs of individuals with ID, common attitudes towards people with ID, patterns of use of digital media by people with ID and guidelines that must be followed when developing solutions for improving accessibility of these groups to the digital world. Considering the evidence found, the technical and functional requirements of the solution were defined. Ongoing and future work includes coding the app, piloting and giving massive access to target groups.

“Avatar to Person” (ATP) Virtual Human Social Ability Enhanced System for Disabled People

How to make communication more effective has been underlined unprecedentedly in the artificial intelligence (AI) era. Nowadays, with the improvement of affective computing and big data, people have generally adapted to construct social networks relying on social robots and smartphones. Although the technologies above have been widely discussed and used, researches on disabled people in the social field are still very limited. In particular, facial disabled people, deaf‐mutes, and autistic patients are still meeting great difficulty when interacting with strangers using online video technology. This project creates a virtual human social system called “Avatar to Person” (ATP) based on artificial intelligence and three‐dimensional (3D) simulation technology, with which disabled people can complete tasks such as “virtual face repair” and “simulated voice generation,” in order to conduct face‐to‐face video communication freely and confidently. The system has been proven effective in the enhancement of the sense of online social participation for people with disabilities through user tests. ATP is certain to be a unique area of inquiry and design for disabled people that is categorically different from other types of human‐robot interaction.

Supplemental Material for Intervention to Prevent and Manage the Effects of Victimization Related to Social Participation for People With Severe Mental Illness: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Supplemental Material for Intervention to Prevent and Manage the Effects of Victimization Related to Social Participation for People With Severe Mental Illness: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial