Social Media Scale Research Articles

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN NARSISME PADA MAHASISWA TINGKAT I PROGRAM STUDI S-1 FARMASI FAKULTAS FARMASI DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS SARI MUTIARA INDONESIA

This study aims to examine whether there is an influence of the use of Instagram social media on narcissistic tendencies carried out by students in the Bachelor of Pharmacy study program at Sari Mutiara Indonesia University in Medan. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted at the Sari Mutiara Indonesia University in Medan. The research subjects were students of Sari Mutiara Indonesia University in Medan with a sample of 42 people. The sampling technique of this study was purposive sampling. Data collection tool in the form of Instagram social media scale and narcissistic tendency scale. Test the validity of the instrument using the Corrected Item-Total Corelation test. Instrument reliability test was calculated using Alpha Cronbach formula. Data analysis uses a simple regression technique to test hypotheses with a significance value of 5%. The results showed that there was an influence between the use of Instagram social media on narcissistic tendencies in the students of the Bachelor of Pharmacy study program at Sari Mutiara Indonesia University Medan in the amount of 14.9%. The regression line equation is Y = 58,440 + 1,115 X. The conclusion of this study is that the use of Instagram social media for undergraduate students of Pharmacy Program at Mutiara Mutiara University in Medan Medan is in the high category, narcissistic tendency in the students of the S-1 Pharmacy Study Program at Sari Mutiara University Indonesia Medan is in the low category.

Psychometric Properties and Validation of the 9-Item Social Media Scale Among Pre-University Students in Nigeria.

To validate the Social Media Disorder scale in Nigerian adolescents by determining its unidimensional structure, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and criterion validity. A total of 516 and 1213 pre-university students in two universities were randomly recruited and assessed using the 9-item Social Media Scale and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (in the second survey only). 46.3% and 56.3% of respondents in the first and second surveys met the criteria for social media disorder, respectively. Factor loading of items on the latent factor (addiction) was moderate. The model yielded a fairly acceptable fit in both samples. The averaged measure for intra-class correlation was acceptable (0.612). The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was good (0.713 for sample 1 and 0.724 for sample 2). The test-retest reliability among the 113 respondents was good (r=0.696, p<0.001). The item-total correlations were all significant. Sensitivity of each item ranged from 67.7% (tolerance) to 91.3% (escape); specificity of each item ranged from 41.2% (escape) to 87.6% (displacement). For criterion validity, the total Social Media Disorder scale score correlated with General Health Questionnaire items that assess self-esteem, depression, and mood, as well as the total score. The 9-item Social Media Disorder scale is acceptable for screening social media disorder in pre-university students in Nigeria. The high prevalence of social media disorder should be of concern to counsellors, teachers, and mental health practitioners. Strategies for public health education on social media use are needed in Nigeria.

Effect of anger, anxiety, and sadness on the propagation scale of social media posts after natural disasters

Social media is widely used for sharing disaster-related information following natural disasters. Drawing on negativity bias theory, integrated crisis mapping model, and arousal theory, this study characterized the emotional responses of the public and tested the way emotional factors and influential users (with high numbers of followers and activeness) affect the number of reposts. Results indicated that after unpredictable earthquakes, the public showed negative responses, and negativity bias theory manifested especially when the posts came from influential users. During a typhoon or earthquake, the number of reposts grew as the number of anger-related words in posts increased. Anxiety- and typhoon-related posts from users with high numbers of followers negatively affected the number of reposts, whereas sadness-related posts had contrasting effects. These findings can help emergency managers formulate proper emotional response strategies after various natural calamities and help researchers test the abovementioned theories or models using real-word data from social media.

D-BullyRumbler: a safety rumble strip to resolve online denigration bullying using a hybrid filter-wrapper approach

Denigration is a specialized form of cyberbullying which describes a recurrent, sustained and intentional attempt to damage the victim’s reputation or ruin the friendships that he or she has by spreading unfounded gossip or rumors online. It is the most common bullying tactic involving character assassination of public figures like celebrities and politicians. As a comprehensive approach to match to the scale of social media this research put forwards a D-BullyRumbler model for automatic detection and resolution of denigration cyberbullying in online textual content using a hybrid of lexicon-based and machine learning-based techniques. The model processes textual, content-based and user-based features to uncover denigration from two perspectives. Firstly, a direct explicit content analysis is done to look for denigration markers as features for model training and testing. Concurrently, potentially harmful messages, rumors, are identified as candidates and examined for target profile type to reveal the case of denigration. An additional OR operation is done to maintain the holistic framework. Another novelty of the work includes the use of hybrid filter-wrapper method, Chi-square filter and cuckoo search wrapper algorithm to improve the performance of reputation rumor classification module. Experimental results on social media datasets show the superior classification performance. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model which facilitates timely intervention by buzzing an alarm to the moderators and further forming a rumble safety strip to inhibit the production and dissemination of inappropriate content to protect the victims.

Social media and hidden curriculum: What do teacher-student interactions teach students?

The aim of this study is to examine the views of the students about the learning outcomes of teacher-student interactions on social media within the context of hidden curriculum. To this end, a quantitative associational research design was used in this study. Within the scope of the research, 2046 students attending to the middle schools in Kahramanmaras province were selected into the sample. The data of the study were collected using “ Hidden curriculum on social media scale ” which has a four-factor structure consisting of 16 items developed by the researchers. The results of the analysis from the hidden curriculum perspective revealed that as a result of interactions between the teacher and the student on social media, students learn some rules and values, know better about their teachers, restrain themselves from sharing and communicating about certain topics, and gain confidence in communication. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of male students in terms of learning to restraint and gaining confidence in communication, whereas no significant difference was observed in terms of learning rules and values, and knowing better about teachers. With regard to grade level, the learning outcomes of especially the 5 th graders through hidden curriculum on social media were found to be significantly more than those of other students in upper classes of middle schools. However, all the statistically significant differences were found to have small effect sizes. It was also found that the daily time students spend on social media and the number of teachers added as friends to their accounts were significant predictors of students' their learning outcomes within the scope of hidden curriculum.

THE EFFECT OF MASS MEDIA ON HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN THE USE OF HEALTH SERVICE AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: THE CASE STUDY OF THE PROVINCE OF KILIS

Mass media, internet and social media play an important role in the provision of health communication thanks to technological innovations. These resources have become the platforms that people use to seek advice before the use of health services and then giving advice. This study was carried out to determine the use of social media in the selection of physicians, dentists and hospitals in Kilis. For this purpose, the questions that reveal the personal behaviours of the participants and the Before and After Purchasing in Social Media scale were used. The study was carried out on 391 people living in Kilis province. As a result of the study, it was determined that individuals were not sufficiently affected by social media in the selection of doctors, dentists and hospitals. 72,9% percent of individuals surveyed have reached the conclusion that they use social media. Internet or social media utilization rate for health-related developments is 19,8%. As a result of the study, it was found that there was no significant difference between the participants' social behaviours before and after the purchase in social media for age and occupational variables; it was observed that there was a significant difference among education status variable.

Citra Tubuh pada Remaja Pengguna Instagram

Adolescents are active social media user. There are various interactions that happen in social media, social support is one of them. In Instagram, the interaction between users can be giving likes, comments, and sending direct messages. Meanwhile, high school adolescents (15—18 years old) have high preoccupation toward their body image. Thus, online social support is considered to have relationship with body image in adolescents Instagram’s user. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between online social support and adolescent’s body image. The subjects of this research were adolecents who lived in DI Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya (n = 235). Body image was measured using MBSRQ-AS (The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales) and online social support was measured using Social Support in Social Media Scale. The result of product moment analysis showed that online social support significantly correlated with adolescent’s body image (r = 0.261; p &lt; 0.05). Further analysis found that there was body image difference between male and female adolescents (t = -2.104; p &lt; 0.05). Age, location, access period, and the type of account followed did not have significant role on body image. In conclusion, adolescents need to have positive peer support.

Digital Disobedience and the Limits of Persuasion: Social Media Activism in Hong Kong’s 2014 Umbrella Movement

This article probes the catalytic features of social media in civic participation and mass civil disobedience in Hong Kong’s 2014 protests, and conceptualizes digital activism in terms of mobilization, organization, and persuasion. It makes use of in-depth interviews, in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese, with 40 of the leading users of social media during the protests. These included, first and foremost, student activists, as well as opposition figures and journalists who reported on the protests. The article finds that the velocity and scale of social media have strengthened protesters’ ability to mobilize and organize, on the Internet and in the streets. Yet, these advantages have not carried over into persuasion of previously uncommitted individuals. Protesters encountered two main obstacles to persuasion via social media: the multitude of messages enabled by social media and the age segmentation of media. As a result, the movement’s social media efforts generated new attention and created digital space for activism, but did not persuade a durable majority of Hongkongers of the movement’s legitimacy. The Umbrella Movement may not have persuaded Hongkongers that their movement and tactics were valid or wise, but the existence of social media allowed protest leaders to document their motivations and conduct, and blunt less flattering narratives in legacy media.

Validation of Anxiety, Life Satisfaction and Social Media Addiction Scales using Rasch Measurement Approach

The aim of this study is to assess the validity of Anxiety, Life Satisfaction and Social Media Addiction scales (TELSMAS). To achieve the purpose a cross-sectional survey design was adopted with a sample of 150. Rasch Measurement was adopted to validate the items. The instruments contained 56 items spread among the 3 constructs. The data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and Winsteps for the Rasch Analysis. The scale was evaluated through content validity with experts, construct validity with Rasch infit and outfit statistics and Reliability. The results revealed that, the scale has substantial content validity with Kappa value of 0.86, and acceptable reliability values of 0.99 (Anxiety), 0.95 (life Satisfaction) and 0.96 (social media addition). Similarly, the scale satisfied the condition of unidimensional for the Rasch validation. However,14 items overall failed to satisfied the condition to be certified as valid and therefore completely deleted form the scale (5 in Anxiety and 9 in Social Media Scale). Thus, with the satisfaction of measurement requirements by 42 items, it can be concluded that, the developed TELSMAS validated in this study can be used to assess the level of anxiety, life-satisfaction and social-media addiction among school students and other vulnerable groups.

Investigation of Reasons of Social Media Usage of Physical Education and Sports School Students

The aim of this research is to determine the reasons of social media usage of students studying in school of physical education and sport. The universe of the research was created 750 students from Yozgat Bozok University School of Physical Education and Sports. The sample of the study consisted of 283 students who were studying at different departments of Physical Education and Sport Department of Yozgat Bozok University in 2018-2019 academic year. Survey method was used in the study. Information on the demographic characteristics of the students was obtained by ‘personal information form. Information about determining the reasons of social media usage for students, Cemrek et al. (2014) developed by the usage of social media scale was obtained. The data were transferred to SPSS 18 software program for statistical operations. Frequency analysis, percentage analysis, arithmetic mean, t test, Anova analysis and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.As a result of the analyzes performed; Statistically significant differences were found among the reasons of social media usage according to the education department, the purpose of using the internet, the most followed social media tool and the time variables spent on social media during the day (p&lt;.05). There were no statistically significant differences according to gender variable (p&gt;.05).

Investigating the Impact of Salespersons’ Use of Technology and Social Media on Their Customer Relationship Performance in B2B Settings

Purpose – Salespeople have had a long affair with technology in serving customers. Some research studies, however, indicate that too much technology may have a negative impact on salespeople’s social skills. This paper aims to analyze what impact technology – specifically, social media, in terms of attitudes and use – has on selling performance. Design/Methodology/Approach – In a sample of salespeople from different business-to-business (B2B) industries, respondents were surveyed in the form of face-to-face interviews that were conducted at their place of work. The study analyzed how the intensity of technology use, attitudes towards and the use of social media affect customer relationship performance. Variance-based structural equation modeling, especially PLS-SEM, was applied for the analysis. Findings and implications – According to the results of this study, the effects of intensive technology use on social media attitude and use, as well as on customer relationship performance, are verified. The objective of this research, namely, to understand the influence of technology use and social media attitude and use on selling performance, has been partly achieved: the presumed positive theoretical connection between social media and performance is not trivial, although company managers should be aware the risks involved with the application of technology in sales. Limitations – These results highlight that, if the focus is solely on social media, the effects of social media attitude and social media use on customer relationship performance are limited, and their explanatory power is relatively low. Therefore, a business model that focuses solely on customer retention mostly through the increased use of social media seems to have serious limitations. This study suffers from further limitations, such as small sample size and the exploratory nature of the research. Moreover, the findings are derived from perceived constructs and not from actual behavior. Originality – The analysis of technology and social media is new in the current context. With the large scale of social media use being a relatively new phenomenon, this study can presumably provide a new understanding of social media in the selling environment.

Sosyal Medyada Paylaşılan Videolara Karşı Şüphecilik

Internet usage resulted in alternative communication channels, and it did not take too much for the advertisers to use social media as an advertisement medium. It is a well-known fact that consumers do not believe in advertisements shown on TV, advertising claims are found to be exaggerated if not considered as misleading, untruthful or lie. However, we need advertisement in order to increase marketing efficiency. Although the study researches the scepticism levels of consumers towards the videos shared on social media in general, it is important to determine whether consumers believe in videos shared on social media or they are sceptical about them if social media is planned to be used as an advertisement medium. If which consumers are sceptical towards videos shared on social media can be understood, advertisers and marketers may develop alternative strategies to increase marketing communication efficiency. The study operationalized and adopted version of scepticism towards advertisements on TV scale, data is collected with online questionnaire. The study tests a consumer scepticism towards videos on social media scale for reliability and validity. The results suggest that Turkish consumers are sceptical towards videos shared on social media. The results of the study can be used for marketers, advertiser as well as political issues.

The scale of social media and the augmented city

The scale of social media and the augmented city

The Scale of Social Media and the Augmented City

The Scale of Social Media and the Augmented City

Adapting instruments and modifying statements: The confirmation method for the inventory and model for information sharing behavior using social media

This study aims to confirm the information sharing behavior using social media scale and to vali-date every item and make it reliable as an inventory by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The researcher adapted the measuring instruments for every latent construct from the literature and customized the items to suit this particular study. The study sent the revised questionnaire to 262 respondents in order to gather the pilot study data and able to get 163 filled ones as final data. The set of questionnaires consists of 66 items that assess the 6 constructs. Data is analyzed using SPSS AMOS Version 21.0. The results show that every construct achieved its Bartletts’ Test of Spherici-ty 6.0 with the re-sult of Information Sharing Behavior .000 and .871; Intention .000 and .782; Belief Expectancy .000 and .911; Attitude Influence .000 and .925; Readiness For Change .000 and .959; and Self-Efficacy .000 and .902. The entire item of the construct has exceeded the minimum limit of 0.7 reli-ability of Alpha Cronbach value to achieve the Internal Reliability. The new integrate model has been proposed due to this finding.

Factors influencing the intention to use social media for work-related purposes at a South African higher education institution

Orientation: The rapid development of information communication technology (ICT) has changed much of contemporary society. ICT’s influence extends to the working context with ramifications not only for employees but also for the entire organisation.Research purpose: The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the behavioural intention of a sample of employees at a traditional higher education institution to make use of social media within the workplace.Motivation for the study: Social media has become a common tool within society for communication and networking purposes. An understanding of the factors that influence behavioural intention to use social media within the workplace can assist the organisation to better manage social media usage within the workplace.Research design, approach and method: The research adopted the positivism paradigm with a quantitative research approach. The data were analysed making use of exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. A traditional higher education institution was chosen as the research site for the study, relying on a convenience sample (n = 134) and data gathered using the work-related social media scale and behavioural intention to use scale.Main findings: Although most employees make use of social media for problem-solving and communication purposes already in the workplace, organisations should allow their employees to help manage their reputation on social media.Practical and managerial implications: An understanding of the factors that influence behavioural intention to use social media within the workplace can serve as a useful precursor for both employee and organisational-specific interventions. This study has specific relevance to the use of ICT platforms, such as social media, in traditional higher education institutions in South Africa. The study’s results are therefore useful to both employees as end-users and managers as drivers of such interventions in the workplace.Contribution: This study is one of the first within a South African work context to investigate social media usage in a traditional higher education institution and proposes a workplace social media usage framework (WSMUF) that helps not only employees but also the entire organisation to predict intention to use social media in the workplace.

The Use of Social Media in SMEs

In today’s business world, social media tools (i.e. facebook, twitter, Linkedin, etc.) begin to play an important role in reaching and communicating with customers for businesses. However, the importance of using social media can’t be still understood by SMEs so far. Businesses use different social media tools in various purposes in their life. In this research we aim to investigate the ideas of SMEs about social media and their aims of using social media tools. Data were collected from SMEs operating in Burdur by simple random sampling. The data obtained from the 84 questionnaires was entered to computer and statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20 statistical program. In this study, reliability analysis was used firstly. Then, some descriptive analyses were carried out about using social media for SMEs. Finally, a frequency table regarding the social media usage in SMEs was given. As a result, it was seen that 82.1% of SMEs participating in this study have a social network page. Secondly, SMEs are using facebook social media network mostly. In addition, SMEs have expressed that they attend all statements involved in the use of social media scale.

The impact of using social media on academic achievement and attitudes of prospective

The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of using social media and internet on the academic achievement of prospective teachers. Focus group of the research could be expressed as 204 prospective teachers that were studying in 2016-2017 fall semesters. To collect data, Attitudes Towards to Social Media Scale was employed. Result of the study revealed that, prospective teachers’ attitudes towards to social media had an influence on academic achievement. Furthermore, it could be stressed that prospective teachers with lower attitudes towards to social media were more likely to have lower academic success when compared with the prospective teachers with higher attitudes towards to social media. In addition to these, results of the current study also expressed that prospective teachers with social media accounts were achieved better grades when compared with the prospective teachers who did not have any social media account. Lastly, it could be indicated that prospective teachers’ attitudes towards to social media was at a moderate level.

Structural social support predicts functional social support in an online weight loss programme

Online weight loss programmes allow members to use social media tools to give and receive social support for weight loss. However, little is known about the relationship between the use of social media tools and the perception of specific types of support. To test the hypothesis that the frequency of using social media tools (structural support) is directly related to perceptions of Encouragement, Information and Shared Experiences support (functional support). Online survey. Members of an online weight loss programme. The outcome was the perception of Encouragement (motivation, congratulations), Information (advice, tips) and Shared Experiences (belonging to a group) social support. The predictor was a social media scale based on the frequency of using forums and blogs within the online weight loss programme (alpha = 0.91). The relationship between predictor and outcomes was evaluated with structural equation modelling (SEM) and logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, BMI and duration of website membership. The 187 participants were mostly female (95%) and white (91%), with mean (SD) age 37 (12) years and mean (SD) BMI 31 (8). SEM produced a model in which social media use predicted Encouragement support, but not Information or Shared Experiences support. Participants who used the social media tools at least weekly were almost five times as likely to experience Encouragement support compared to those who used the features less frequently [adjusted OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.8-12.8)]. Using the social media tools of an online weight loss programme at least once per week is strongly associated with receiving Encouragement for weight loss behaviours.