Social Media Activity Research Articles

Hybrid representative sampling of social media

Social media communities are understudied due to the difficulty of obtaining data with any amount of generalizability. This research proposes a method of hybrid probability sampling of social media ecosystems (collections of communities) using network theory, stratified sampling methods, theoretical saturation, and widely available social media activity statistics. Because of the unique venue of research, these methods create an opt-in sample, where every member of a community is given an equal chance to participate. The proposed methods were then used to obtain a sample representative of a digital political ecosystem with a population size of 8 million. The results illuminate stark polarization resulting from algorithmic opinion aggregation, with implications in online extremism, media literacy, demographic representation in public discourse, and more.

Book Review: Hear #MeToo in India: News, Social Media, and Anti-Rape and Sexual Harassment Activism, by Pallavi Guha

Book Review: <i>Hear #MeToo in India: News, Social Media, and Anti-Rape and Sexual Harassment Activism</i>, by Pallavi Guha

SOSYAL MEDYA PLATFORMLARINDA DEZENFORMASYON FAALİYETLERİ VE CEZA HUKUKU BAĞLAMINDA SORUMLULUK: TWITTER PLATFORMUNDA BİR VAKA İNCELEMESİ

Sosyal medya kanalı olarak isimlendirilen birçok farklı uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Günümüzde, bu uygulamlardan bazılarının hem kamusal alanda bireysel fikirlerin yazılı ve görsel ifadelerle paylaşılabildiği hem de güncel gelişmeleri takip etmeye imkân sunan bir platform halini de aldığı görülmektedir. Bu platformalar arasında bu amaçla en çok kullanıcı sayısına sahip olanı ise Twitter’dır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Twitter özelinde bir vaka incelemesi gerçekleştirerek gerçek verilerin analiziyle birlikte sosyal medya platformları üzerinden paylaşılan suç unsuru taşıyan ifadeleri tespit etmek, tanımlamak, sınıflandırmak ve ceza hukukuyla ilişkilendirmektir. Bu çalışmanın araştırma metodu olarak açıklayıcı vaka incelemesi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacına uygun vaka incelemesi olarak sosyal medyada dezenformasyon paylaşımlarının gerçekleştirilebileceği öngörülen Türkiye’nin son 8 yıldır gündeminde olan ve yargıya intikal etmiş olan Gezi Parkı olaylarına yönelik Twitter Platformunda tespit edilen ilgili hastagler kullanılarak yapılan paylaşımlar ele alınmıştır. Bu vaka analizinde verilerin elde edilmesi ve analizinde de sosyal medya analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Böylece, belirlenen amaçsal örnek vakada ceza hukuku sorumluluğu gerektirebilecek dezenformasyon paylaşımları tespit edilip sınıflandırılacaktır. Akabinde ilgili paylaşımlar Türk ceza mevzuatındaki düzenlemelerle ilişkilendirilecektir. Bu çalışma, amaçsal olarak belirlenen vaka inceleme olayına yönelik Twitter platform paylaşımlarıyla sınırlı bir şekilde Türkçe ifadelerle yanıltıcı sosyal medya paylaşımları ve ceza hukuku sorumluluğunu ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın bilime ve topluma sağladığı katkılar, sosyal medyada dezenformasyon faaliyetlerini ceza hukuku sorumluluğu kapsamında ele alan, söz konusu faaliyetleri sınıflandıran ve ceza mevzuatının ilgili düzenlemeleriyle ilişkilendirildiği bir içeriğe sahip olan, alan yazındaki ilk çok disiplinli ortak çalışma özelliğini taşımasıdır. Çalışmada elde edilen ve sunulan bulgular, yürütme ve yasama organları için konuya ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerin gözden geçirilmesinde fayda sağlayabileceği gibi diğer ilgililer bakımından da farkındalık oluşturabilecek ve alan yazınına katkı sağlayabilecektir.

University Student Perspectives on Collective Action through Social-Media Activity on Campus Democracy

Campus democracy is useful for creating a condition that allows all groups within the university (students, rectors, teaching staff, employees, and workers) to have equal rights in formulating policies, and the orientation of the implementation of education in tertiary institutions. However, implementing democracy in educational contexts, particularly in Indonesia, is still hindered by obstacles visible through the presence of some issues with democratic principles being violated. The purpose of this study was to examine and provide an overview of university student perspectives on collective action through social-media activity on campus democracy. This study utilizes qualitative research methods by deploying questionnaires, and uses documentation as data collection techniques. It studies the students of one university in Lampung as the subject of the research. The data collection was performed at different time intervals since depth comprehension through questionnaires is required in this study. The results indicated the importance of social media for students in campus democracy, one of which is to cultivate the student’s critical awareness of events that occur on campus. This refers to not only political collective action but also social collective action as well. Given the limitations of this study which only used students from one department on one campus, the researchers hope that further research with a similar topic in the future can expand this type of research to not only include students, but also intra-community interactions, and not only on a scale of one room.&#x0D; Keywords: Campus’ Democracy, Collective Action, Students’ Perspectives, Social Media

Automating Detection of Drug-Related Harms on Social Media: Machine Learning Framework.

A hallmark of unregulated drug markets is their unpredictability and constant evolution with newly introduced substances. People who use drugs and the public health workforce are often unaware of the appearance of new drugs on the unregulated market and their type, safe dosage, and potential adverse effects. This increases risks to people who use drugs, including the risk of unknown consumption and unintentional drug poisoning. Early warning systems (EWSs) can help monitor the landscape of emerging drugs in a given community by collecting and tracking up-to-date information and determining trends. However, there are currently few ways to systematically monitor the appearance and harms of new drugs on the unregulated market in Canada. The goal of this work is to examine how artificial intelligence can assist in identifying patterns of drug-related risks and harms, by monitoring the social media activity of public health and law enforcement groups. This information is beneficial in the form of an EWS as it can be used to identify new and emerging drug trends in various communities. To collect data for this study, 145 relevant Twitter accounts throughout Quebec (n=33), Ontario (n=78), and British Columbia (n=34) were manually identified. Tweets posted between August 23 and December 21, 2021, were collected via the application programming interface developed by Twitter for a total of 40,393 tweets. Next, subject matter experts (1) developed keyword filters that reduced the data set to 3746 tweets and (2) manually identified relevant tweets for monitoring and early warning efforts for a total of 464 tweets. Using this information, a zero-shot classifier was applied to tweets from step 1 with a set of keep (drug arrest, drug discovery, and drug report) and not-keep (drug addiction support, public safety report, and others) labels to see how accurately it could extract the tweets identified in step 2. When looking at the accuracy in identifying relevant posts, the system extracted a total of 584 tweets and had an overlap of 392 out of 477 (specificity of ~84.5%) with the subject matter experts. Conversely, the system identified a total of 3162 irrelevant tweets and had an overlap of 3090 (sensitivity of ~94.1%) with the subject matter experts. This study demonstrates the benefits of using artificial intelligence to assist in finding relevant tweets for an EWS. The results showed that it can be quite accurate in filtering out irrelevant information, which greatly reduces the amount of manual work required. Although the accuracy in retaining relevant information was observed to be lower, an analysis showed that the label definitions can impact the results significantly and would therefore be suitable for future work to refine. Nonetheless, the performance is promising and demonstrates the usefulness of artificial intelligence in this domain.

The Prospect and Limitations of Digital Diplomacy: The Case of Indonesia

Summary One facet of information and communication technology in diplomacy is how and to what extent states implement digital tools in their diplomatic practices. This article focuses on the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and argues that it has performed the early stages of digital diplomacy, during which it is carried out for information dissemination purposes and is mainly influenced by the domestic agenda. The research finds that Indonesian digital diplomacy is affected by various factors that have a substantial effect on the MoFA’s digital diplomacy plan of action. This article is a qualitative study supported mainly by primary data from interviews with Indonesian diplomats, high-ranking officials in the Indonesian MoFA, and Indonesian scholars and citizens. The focus is on the social media activity of the Indonesian MoFA on Twitter (@Kemlu_RI), Facebook (Kementerian Luar Negeri RI) and Instagram (kemlu_ri) from 2020 to April 2022.

The Effectiveness of Social Media as a Marketing and Promotion Tool to Increase Consumer Purchase Intention in the Food and Beverage Industry Burger Garage Jakarta

This study develops a new social media strategy for Burger Garage. Three years have passed since the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the market for Food and Beverage has been changing. This study will help Burger Garage develop its Social Media Strategy to reach its yearly target. Burger Garage has been active in its social media but has yet to reach its full potential. This is due to an underdeveloped marketing channel that needs a clear plan to succeed. This study analyzes their social Media using external and internal studies. External analysis uses 5 Porter analysis and competitor analysis, while internal analysis will explore using the capabilities of the study. The research also used questionnaires to understand the customers; it targeted Burger Garage customers and gathered 200 respondents to give their thoughts on their marketing strategy, social media promos, and their activities in social media. This research included in-depth interviews and observation with Burger Garage owner. To conclude, this paper analyzes Burger Garage’s business approach and suggests improving its marketing and social media to succeed in the Food and Beverage market.

Lobbying in social media as a new source of survey bias

Questionnaires are widely-used tools in empirical social science, including tourism research. The key premise of each quantitative survey is the representativeness of the investigated sample. Yet, the rapid development of information and communication technology forces social scientists to take new sources of biases into account. This paper describes the problem of lobbying in social media, initiated by survey participants themselves. We report a collective action of online communities which resulted in over-representation of the collective opinions of certain interest groups. The bias has been observed when analyzing data collected during a visitor monitoring study in a popular forest recreation destination: the Tricity Landscape Park in Poland. Two different methods: on-site survey (n = 994) and online survey (n = 1023) were used to collect data on local recreational preferences. A significant effect of lobbying in social media on online survey responses has been identified in the case of questions related to the forest management. Management implicationsOur study confirms significant differences between results obtained via on-site and online surveys.Cost-efficient distribution of online survey link via social media may cause biased results.Especially, distribution channels of online surveys related to problematic management issues need to be carefully chosen.In such cases, social media activity (link sharing, post assessment (e.g. likes or negative reactions) accompanying the discussion) need to be additionally monitored in order to detect uncontrolled lobbying of certain users’ opinions.

IMPLEMENTASI CYBER PUBLIC RELATIONS BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DAN PENELITIAN PENGEMBANGAN (BAPPEDALITBANG) KOTA SAMARINDA

Cyber ​​Public Relations (CPR) is a recent innovation in public relations driven by advances in Internet technology. PR used to use traditional mass media such as television, newspapers and radio to communicate with the public. However, over time, many companies and agencies have switched to using the Internet as an advertising vehicle. This study aims to understand and improve the reputation of Bappedalitban Kota Samarinda CPR practices. The research methods used are descriptive and qualitative, collecting data through observations and interviews. Three informants were selected based on certain criteria. Data Analysis Using Interactive Analysis Techniques by Mathew B. Miles and Michael Huberman. The results of the study show that Bappedaritvan Kota Samarinda's CPR practice includes her four components of CPR. First, fact-finding shows that website and social media usage is still suboptimal and there is no PR department dedicated to it. Secondly, the plan will be carried out by actively disseminating the activities of Bape Dalit Ban in Samarinda City through its website and social media. Thirdly, communication includes his social media accounts such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Tiktok, etc., but he actively uses them, since the majority of Internet users in Samarinda City Bappedalitban are parents. Only Instagram and Facebook are. While the website only lists phone numbers as a public interaction feature, social media uses DM and comment features. Fourth, assessments are conducted by Samarinda's response team every 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The Samarinda City Government issues awards for the openness of public information and social media activity. The implementation of CPR is expected to improve the reputation of Bappedalitban Kota Samarinda.

BRAND ACTIVATION SEBAGAI BENTUK STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERPADU (STUDI KASUS: HEADSTOCK COFFEE DI BALIKPAPAN)

In the era of the development of information and communication technology, it is very influential in many business fields, one of which is the coffee shop business or often called a coffee shop. The purpose of this research is to find out brand activation as a form of integrated marketing communication strategy (Case study: Headstock Coffee in Balikpapan City). This research method is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive research type. The type of data used in this research is primary data including key informants and informants, as well as secondary data in the form of some literature such as books, journals, and several documents on the internet. Data analysis uses the concept of Miles and Huberman. The results of the research on presenting data on the application of Brand activation as a form of integrated marketing communication strategy at Headstock Coffee in Balikpapan are in the types of Brand activation namely, Direct marketing activation, Social media activation, Promotion activation, Marketing event activation, and Sponsorship activation supported by Integrated theory Marketing Communications (IMC) through several elements of marketing communications. In implementing Brand activation as an integrated marketing communication strategy, product marketing also needs to be strengthened so that Headstock Coffee's coffee shop business looks equal and even stands out from its marketing tool, namely Soundsreal space.

Analysis of social media marketing activities of Hungarian accommodation providers and catering SME’s from the aspect of lean principles

Lean management can be viewed as an attitude that organizes and directs business processes while keeping a few main guiding principles in focus such as maximizing the customer value while minimizing losses, resulting in the creation of increased customer value by using fewer resources. The lean thinking can successfully applied in the field of social media marketing when it comes to understanding the logical process of the individual operations and to increase the overall efficiency of the campaigns while improving the key performance indicators. The basic principles of lean can serve as the basis in any system and in any business, and for this reason, basic principles are also taken into consideration at strategic levels. The various platforms have become smart, the advertising alternatives can be highly customized based on the individual needs of businesses, which can also result in higher overall efficiency. With the help of the available social media platforms, businesses are not only able to reach their desired audience but can also measure the success of their individual campaigns. The main goal of the research is to find an answer to what parallels and connections can be discovered between online marketing and lean theories. The research aims to answer the questions of how the process of creating and maintaining social media marketing strategies can be characterized from the aspect of lean thinking while focusing on discovering whether the origin of the individual campaigns – either in-house or outsources – have any effect on the extent of how well the lean principles are applied. During the course of the research, accommodation providers and catering SMEs located in various Hungarian cities were visited in order to use a questionnaire to assess the social media marketing processes of the given units.The research proved that 70% of the social media activity in the examined region was outsourced and the vast majority of businesses (57%) do not track the effectiveness of their marketing activities regularly. The potential presence of lean in marketing processes had been monitored.

The Influence of Interactivity and Ephemerality of Instagram Advertisements in Shaping Perceived Value and Behavioral Intention

Instagram stands out as a prominent platform, offering companies a valuable space to promote their offerings to a vast and diverse audience. To capture consumer interest, Instagram advertisements now incorporate innovative interactive features and ephemeral effects, enhancing their appeal and engagement. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of interactivity and ephemerality of instagram advertisements in shaping perceived value and behavioral intention. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study. Data from 239 participants were gathered through an online survey and analyzed utilizing SmartPLS 3.2.9 software employing Structural Equation Modeling. The findings indicate that the interactivity and ephemerality of Instagram Stories advertisements significantly influence three types of perceived value such as utilitarian, hedonic, and social value among female consumers of the fashion brand HeyLocal. Furthermore, these perceived values motivate positive behavioral intentions such as the intention towards social media activities, online search, and brand purchase. In contrast to social value, it was found that utilitarian and hedonic value do not directly impact brand purchase. In addition, our research revealed that consumers’ purchase decisions can be reinforced through their engagement in social media activities and online information search.

The role of social media in empowering activism: testing the integrative model of activism to anti-Asian hate crimes

ABSTRACT This study aimed to predict how individuals engage in activism combatting Asian hate crimes. It is critical to understand how publics engage in anti-Asian hate crime activism because their engagement leads to collective action to solve the issue. This study applies the integrative model of activism to anti-Asian hate crimes. The results showed that situational motivation in problem solving, social media efficacy, and affective injustice were positively associated with social media activism. In addition, this study examined the mediating role of social media activism. The results revealed that social media activism partially mediated situational motivation in problem solving and offline activism. Most notably, social media activism fully mediated between affective injustice and offline activism on anti-Asian hate crimes. Therefore, the integrative model of activism presents a valuable perspective for understanding how individuals participate in activism against Asian hate crimes and the role of social media in facilitating offline activism.

Tourists' satisfaction and sense of belonging in adopting responsible behaviors: the role of on-site and social media involvement in cultural tourism

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the relationship between tourists' satisfaction and their sense of belonging in a specific cultural destination by also investigating the moderating role of their on-site involvement, both offline (on-site activities at the destination) and online (social media activities). A further objective lies in exploring the relationship between tourists' sense of belonging and their adoption of environmentally responsible behavior while at the destination. Finally, the paper attempts to determine whether said behavior can predict tourists' pro-environmental behavior and recommendation intention.Design/methodology/approachTo reach these objectives, a survey and a structural equation model, based on a sample of 647 visitors of an important world Heritage site UNESCO (i.e. Urbino), have been adopted.FindingsFindings reveal a positive influence of sense of belonging on satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior, which, in turn, influences pro-environmental behavior and Recommendation intention, thus triggering a virtuous process in the tourists' formation as responsible and loyal travelers. Moreover, results underline how the relationship between satisfaction and sense of belonging is significantly strengthened when tourists' on-site activity involvement increases. Conversely, the moderating role of social media involvement is not supported.Practical implicationsThe present study offers important implications for different actors in the tourism sector, such as policy makers, destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and tourism operators.Social implicationsThe present study explores the role of social media involvement, specifically during the tourist's holiday.Originality/valueThis study enriches the empirical evidence in the cultural tourism through an analysis focused on the tourists' perspective, especially by investigating the relationship between satisfaction and emotional constructs (i.e. sense of belonging) that are able to bring environmental and loyalty benefits to the destination. Moreover, although existing research has highlighted the positive influence of the tourists' involvement on their experience, there is a paucity of studies jointly analyzing the on-site and online activities in the sustainability field.

News consumption, expressive social media activities, political discussions, and political consumerism: examining reciprocal relations with panel data

ABSTRACT Empirical studies have shown that news consumption, expressive social media activities, and political discussions are positively related to political consumerism. However, political consumerism is usually conceptualized as boycotting and/or buycotting, neglecting discursive and lifestyle political consumerism. Moreover, most studies are based on cross-sectional data and do not explore potential reciprocal relationships. To address these research gaps, I conducted a three-wave panel survey targeting the German population (N = 1,945). The results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the theoretical conceptualization of political consumerism as a multifaced phenomenon is empirically plausible. Applying the O-S-R-O-R model, partial correlations and random intercept cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that the reciprocal relationships between information, communication, and political consumerism activities differ depending on which political consumerism activity is considered: expressive social media activities predict boycotting, information and communication activities do not predict buycotting, political discussions and discursive political consumerism tend to reinforce each other, and political discussions follow rather than predict lifestyle political consumerism. These results emphasize the differences between various political consumerism activities and suggest that such activities should be analyzed separately.

Exploring Anti-Asian Racism Activism on Twitter during the Early Era of COVID-19 Hate Crimes: Implications for Marketers’ Social Purpose Communication Strategy

This study attempts to fill the void in the understanding of anti-Asian racism social media activism campaigns during the early era of the COVID-19 pandemic through content analysis and network analysis of social media to provide suggestions for advertisers/nonprofits to address the prevalence of racism against Asian Americans. Within the theoretical framework of expectancy theory and the field of racial positions, this study reveals that in responses to anti-Asian racism, messages reflecting model minority stereotypes were predominant in conversations across the board but especially predominant among Asian Americans. Network analysis with exponential random graph models (ERGMs) demonstrated that other race groups are more likely to unite in interacting around the topic than Asian Americans. Based on these findings, purpose advertising campaign strategy insights and implications are proposed.

Regulating Ambush Marketing in an Increasingly Social Era

The practice of ambush marketing continues to proliferate around mega sport events, notably during the Olympics. The ongoing commercial threat to official sponsors and event organizers threatens the sponsorship model on which the events rely. The current situation is further complicated by increased social media activity and engagement by competing athletes to engage not only with their followers on social media but also with endorser brands who may not always also be official sponsors of the event. The increasing role of Rule 40 of the Olympic Charter as a regulatory tool on social media to prevent ambush marketing is discussed as an additional brand protection measure beyond traditional legal enforcement. The commentary explores advances in recent scholarship related to ambush marketing and suggests directions for future research. Legal, policy, and practical implications for social media in sport are discussed.

Political Bias on Instagram: Generation Z and the 2022 Midterm Elections

Generation Z, today's 10 to 25-year-olds, is emerging into the political sphere. In fact, the outcome of the 2022 United States Midterm Elections was heavily influenced by the power of progressive young voters. With the increased use of social media in recent years, many young activists have adopted online platforms as spaces for political conversation. This study investigates the influence social media activism, specifically from Generation Z creators, had on the outcome of the 2022 United States midterm elections. The study adopts a content analysis approach to analyze a selected amount of Generation Z Instagram posts from the midterms. The goal of the study is to determine the political bias Generation Z expressed online at this time and the effect social media activism had on the outcome of the election. The analysis includes 177 carefully selected posts, and each post was evaluated for its popularity, public response, and political bias. We found a slight progressive political bias within the post content and an unexpected amount of popularity and public response for conservative-leaning posts. The findings from this study suggest a developing progressive political bias among Generation Z. Further research on the connection between social media activism and election results is suggested.

Research Performance of Top Cited Indian Researchers on ResearchGate Platform: An Altmetric Analysis

Over the last few decades, scholarly communication is changing with the use of social media serving as an effective medium. Several new factors have emerged in the context of social media activity to accelerate the shift. The current research relied on the ResearchGate platform, an Academic Social Networking Site (ASNS), meant for scientists and scholars enabling them to share, communicate, collaborate, connect and get updated with the feeds and scholarly information. The study focused on the top 15 cited Indian researchers and their research performance on ResearchGate. The research data was collected manually and analysed using several altmetric parameters available on ResearchGate to evaluate the performance of the targeted researchers. For statistical correlation analysis, the researcher relied on JASP statistical analysis software (v. 0.16.0.0). The study findings reveal that Sujit K Bhattacharya has the maximum citations (17210) among Indian researchers on ResearchGate, accompanied by the maximum number of publications (505), the highest value of h-index (70) and Research Interests (8991). The majority of the contributions from the targeted researchers are research articles (71.95%) and 49.10% are available in full text. Researcher S G Deshmukh has asked the maximum number of questions (22), and also provide a significant number of answers (314). The publications of researcher K. M. Singh (Res. 15) received a maximum number of Read (529397), and recommendations (3179). The RG Score of S G Deshmukh is the highest (57.00) among all of the targeted researchers. Pearson’s Correlations Test among five interconnected variables calculated that among 7 different types of correlation formation, “Citations - Res. Int.” (0.920), “Publications - Res. Int.” (0.865), “RG Score - Res. Int.” (0.773), and “Publications - RG Score” (0.765) pairs possess highly positive correlation linkage. The core context of this study is helpful for the representation of India in terms of top-cited researchers and their research performance on ResearchGate. The study also promotes young researchers to disseminate their research over such ASNS platforms to increase visibility and research impact.

Social Media and Environmental Activism: Exploring the Influence of Facebook on Pro-environmental Behaviour of Undergraduates

Social Media and Environmental Activism: Exploring the Influence of Facebook on Pro-environmental Behaviour of Undergraduates