Social Market Economy Model Research Articles

Granice udziału spółek Skarbu Państwa w społecznej gospodarce rynkowej w świetle art. 20 Konstytucji

The article is an attempt to determine the constitutionally permissible limit of the participation of SOEs in the economy in light of Art. 20 of the Constitution. It begins with an introduction, summarizing current research in economic and legal sciences on the issue of the growing participation of SOEs in the economy and discussing the legal problems that this phenomenon raises. This is followed by a discussion of the relationship of the state to state and private property in light of the social market economy model. The considerations are supported by references to the doctrine of ordoliberalism and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. Possible measures for determining the excessive participation of state-owned companies in the economy in light of Article 20 of the Constitution are then considered. The article is concluded with conclusions for public administration bodies and the doctrine of public law.

독일 연방정부의 디지털 전략과 시사점

This article aims to examine the digital transformation strategy of the German federal government and find implications. The German federal government has proposed policies divided into implementation strategies and regulatory strategies to cope with the problems faced by the social market economy model that achieved successful growth, innovation, and employment in Germany after World War II. In the case of an implementation strategy, if it basically focuses on digital infrastructure, the regulatory strategy can be said to reestablish digital transformation according to the social market economy. In re-establishing this regulatory principle, the German federal government intends to maintain its goal of creating a market economy for humans based on the basic motto of a social market economy of prosperity for all. This strategy of the German federal government can be found in that it is not only focused on the development and expansion of digital technology, but also an effort to establish a social and economic system suitable for the era of digital transformation. In addition, in the case of the Republic of Korea, which is ahead of Germany in digital infrastructure, the focus should be on preparing a social and economic system suitable for the era of digital transformation as a regulatory strategy.

Introduction

The German federal election in September 2021 marked a significant transformation for German politics. As Chancellor Angela Merkel decided not to run again, the election spelled the end of her 16-year tenure; it also signaled a major shift in the German party system. The right-populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) entered the Bundestag again after their first entry in 2017, implying—for the first time since 1949—the establishment and sustained parliamentary presence of a party on the national level to the (far-)right of the Christian Democrats. The challenges facing the new parliament and government after the election are paramount. The climate crisis looms as large as ever. With the exception of the AfD, all German parties (and a distinct majority of voters) see this as the most pressing issue to tackle. However, the scope of action will be limited as the extensive state debt accumulated through covid-19 relief measures exerts pressure on the specific German model of social market economy. Finally, the international environment has seen drastic changes in the last years: While the election of u.s. President Joe Biden as successor to Donald Trump implies a return to normal for transatlantic relations, the uk exit from the eu shifts the balance between the remaining member states. After the Euro, refugee, and pandemic crises, European solidarity is strained, complicating Germany’s role as the eu’s “reluctant hegemon” or “gentle giant.” This reluctance or restraint connotes far more than a strategic policy choice: it is deeply rooted in the German history of the twentieth century that witnessed the cruelty and atrocities of the Nazi regime.

Ордолиберальные основы европейской экономической политики: мифы и реальность

Received 20.09.2020. The theme of the role and place of ordoliberal views in contemporary European economic policy has attracted attention of many researchers. While some scholars raise their concerns about the ongoing ordoliberalization of Europe and criticize the ordoliberal foundations of the European Union, the others call for the restoration of the ordoliberal principles in economic policy and argue about the necessity of ordoliberal reforms. This article is focused on this discussion and aims to assess the various arguments that use the ordoliberal issue to justify their positions. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this discussion very often faces misinterpretations of the main outlook of the ordoliberal theory, what can be explained by the dominant role of Germany in the European political scene, complexity of the relationship between ordoliberalism and the social market economy model, as well as by political, economic and ideological motives. For ordoliberals, the main task for the state was to create and maintain a competitive order that will allow market forces to distribute the wealth according to merits and will result in what can be called achievement of social justice. Meanwhile, it has become apparent that European policymakers have noticeably eschewed the competitive order proposals, and modern arrangements of the European economy might be better characterized in terms of regulatory capitalism and managed competition. Moreover, it can be argued that the raising concentration of economic power makes the appeals for the return to the ordoliberal principles very reasonable. The Freiburg school ideas continue to be a real alternative not only to the neoclassical mainstream, but also to the socialist wishes to control and direct economic and social processes.

Modele gospodarki rynkowej a wzrost gospodarczy i jego wahania

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to show the impact of the economic system (economic model) on the rate of economic growth and its fluctuations. Research method – Various research methods were used, including: descriptive analysis, comparative analysis of the economic systems and the analysis of statistical data on economic growth in 12 countries. The quantitative analysis was based on the latest available statistical data from the Eurostat and the World Bank database. Results – The economic growth rate and its fluctuations vary across countries. However, some of them are very similar. Most often these are the countries with a similar economic system. The countries that represent the Mediterranean model and the social market economy model are the most similar. We can also speak of a certain similarity in the case of countries belonging to the neoliberal model, and its lack in the welfare state model. Countries representing the Mediterranean model cope with economic growth and its stability in the worst way. On the other hand, the stability of economic growth and good coping with cyclicality are characteristic of the countries implementing the social market economy model. Originality /value – This article deals with issues that are rarely discussed in the literature. So, to some extent, it completes the existing research gap.

The Social Market Economy Model in Africa: A Policy Lesson in the Pursuit of an Inclusive Development

A contextually rethought coexistence of capitalism and socialism, particularly, the ‘Third-Way’ politico-economic framework is a contemporary dominion in the pursuit of prosperous and inclusive development. Regarding the third-way position, however, there is a dearth of theoretical framework in African studies. Hence, this article aimed at exploring the theoretical significance of ordoliberalism and its social market economy model that is often praised as the secret(s) in the wake of the ‘Wirtschaftswunder’, meaning the ‘economic miracle’, of Germany. In so doing, the article has sought the common conceptual ground between the notions of the social market economy and inclusive development through the extensive review of theoretical evidence available in the secondary sources of data. The review of literature has revealed that unlike the German experience, the policy choice among the African countries, in the post-colonial era, was never consistent with ordoliberalism or social market economy. However, the post-2000 economic trajectory of Africa has shown the coexistence of the welfare state and coordinated market thereby creating a convenient condition to implement the lessons learned from the development path of Germany. Besides, the prevalent socio-economic problems in most of the Sub-Saharan African countries including demographic bulge, abject poverty, high levels of income inequality, extractive/rent-seeking institutions of governance, brain-drain, and aid/loan dependency syndrome are the major factors that underline the urgency for policy reforms geared towards an Afro-centric social market economy. Yet, the levels of economic development, historical, cultural, and geopolitical differences need to be taken into account to effectively implement the policy instruments of the social market economy in Africa.

Ordolieral Roots of Ecological Market Economy

Abstract Western Germany introduced the model of a Social Market Economy after World War II. This model has become an example of socio-economic reforms for many European countries. In the initial phase of the development of the new socio-economic policy concept, the postulate of "prosperity for all" was especially appealing as it considers economic policy and social policy as a whole. In subsequent years of development, particularly at the end of the twentieth century, the model of a Social Market Economy has become a source of foundation for creating new concepts and ideas that would include more aspects of responsible and sustainable development combined with proper care for resources and the natural environment. In the view of this, the aim of this paper is to attempt to answer the question of to what extent the Social Market Economy model can lay the foundation for sustainable, responsible and ecological development. In order to be able to answer such a research question, the author based his reasoning and analyses on the theory of ordoliberalism and the following research methods: factual analysis, comparative analysis and analysis of selected publications. The main findings of the research are that the concept of Social Market Economy contains numerous elements that can foster the implementation of the sustainable, responsible and ecological development of countries and societies.

Civil Economy: An Alternative to the Social Market Economy? Analysis in the Framework of Individual versus Institutional Ethics

The Civil Economy (CE) approach, as developed by Italian economists Luigino Bruni and Stefano Zamagni, aims at introducing reciprocity into the economy as a humanizing factor. Despite being presented as an innovative perspective, the CE approach shares many characteristics with the German model of Social Market Economy (SME). The present paper compares both approaches, showing that they in fact share a normative basis and similar aims but address them from diverse points of view; namely, CE addresses them from a virtue ethics perspective and SME from an institutional ethics one. This leads them to stress different aspects and to focus on diverse problems. Therefore, CE would not constitute an alternative to SME but a complement. Thus, a combination of both approaches should allow each to take advantage of their respective strengths and lead to a better result in terms of the common good.

Macroeconomic models as an object of economic-geographical study and application

The purpose of this article. The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of economic development models, functioning at different stages of human development. Their main positive and negative sides are singled out. The main material. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the Keynesian and institutional model, the model of social market economy, directive, liberal-monetarist and mixed (heterogeneous) model. Historical periods and examples of countries with the most widely used models are given. The analysis of ownership forms, mechanisms of public administration, social protection systems, financing and crediting, the degree of freedom and independence of economic entities, possibility of entering foreign markets, characteristics for each model are discussed in the article. Conclusions and further research. It is emphasized that a presence of socio-economic development models is one of important factors in efficient economy in modern terms. While developing the model, it is necessary to take into account the features of the region, the country. The outlines of the perspective model of the economic development of Transnistria, developed considering the studied historical experience, are proposed. It is stated in the article that such a model must be mixed, complex, socially-oriented, liberal, compromise, legal, extrovert, ecologically oriented, managed, innovative. It must be worked out with participation of institutional structures, by business representatives and scientific circles. A model must be ratified as a legal instrument by the supreme executive body of power.

Conceptual framework of social policy development: initial period

This article examines conceptual fundamentals of social policy, which have evolved as an independent field of research in a framework of economic, sociological thought and philosophical concepts development since nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Highlighting the importance of social policy economists of nineteenth and twentieth centuries developed the model of social market economy and welfare state. Within these models, social policy is considered to be one of the important part of government policy aimed at national development and providing social welfare.

The social market economy model - can it be emulated in the global south?

No abstract available

A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IS A MEANS OF RESOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN ECONOMY

This article aims to answer the question of whether social enterprise can be a way of solving the problems of the modern economy. Contemporary systemic economic crisis, social and environmental one highlighted the effects of the dominant doctrine of neoliberal from a deficit of values and share the moral weakness of financial law and the state, through deregulation leading to the separation of finance from the real economy, generating financial crisis, followed by the economic crisis and the debt which is the cause of social inequality, unemployment and poverty on an unprecedented scale. The author of the article makes a theoretical analysis of selected publications by the dominant economic doctrines evidencing that the countries which apply the principles of social market economy, much less suffer economic problems. Next, he describes the German ordoliberal concept of social market economy and social enterprise in terms of European, American and Asian. The conclusion of the analysis is the assertion that ordoliberal order of model of social market economy, supplemented by a social enterprise it seems to be optimal, natural and complementary solution to the socio-economic problems of the modern economy.

Competencia y regulación

With the entry into force of the Constitution of Peru of 1993, the economic model of social market economy, which was accompanied by an institutional reform, creating four (4) regulators of utilities and one (1) competition agency, was established. The economic model of social market economy, guarantees free competition in the market as a general rule, establishing a regulatory framework for public services that before the reform, were managed directly by the State. Thus, in this paper we will learn how to set up the Peruvian institutional framework and what are the main similarities and differences between competition and regulation, for which we will detail the functions of the competition agency and regulatory bodies as well as interaction between the two.

Competition law and the social market economy goal of the EU

The present study asks whether the enforcement of competition protection, according to Art. 101, 102 and 106 TFEU, causes conflict with measures belonging to the EU׳s social market economy model. Integration of the social market economy objective into the EU׳s goals was newly stated in Article 3 (3) TFEU and it is therefore of interest to find whether it has have so far any impact on the traditional EU׳s competition law approach towards clashes between social protection measures and free competition imperatives. The study reviews first the new wording of social provisions of the EU Treaties, then it analysis the relationship between the social market economy model and the market competition in general. A more detailed attention is then dedicated to the pre-Lisbon approach of the EU Court of Justice towards agreements between social partners and to the privileged rights of organisations providing social security services. In its final part, the study examines whether this earlier established approach corresponds to the current post-Lisbon case law of the Court. The conclusion is that even though the goal of a social market economy has been so far never mentioned by the Court and its pre-Lisbon case law precedents have not been overruled, the current standard of application of EU competition rules is largely responsive towards social schemes established at the national level.

Realizacja idei społecznej gospodarki rynkowej w polskim ustroju pracy

Społeczna gospodarka rynkowa od początku zainicjowanych w 1989 r. w Polsce przemian politycznych i gospodarczych była modelem gospodarczym stanowiącym cel podjętej transformacji. W 1997 r. ten typ gospodarki stał się normatywną podstawą ustroju, na podstawie treści art. 20 nowej Konstytytucji.Upływ ćwierćwiecza przemian upoważnia do analizy efektów transformacji i porównania obowiązującej treści regulacji prawnej w dziedzinie zatrudnienia oraz praktyki rynku pracy do modelowych założeń ustroju społecznej gospodarki rynkowej.Stosunki społeczne regulowane przez zbiorowe prawo pracy, a więc aktywność związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców, negocjacje zbiorowe i tworzenie źródeł autonomicznego prawa pracy są w Polsce dziedzinami najbardziej odległymi od założeń społecznej gospodarki rynkowej. Zakładają one powstawanie partnerstwa społecznego, upodmiotowienie i włączenie załóg zakładów w dialog z pracodawcami dotyczący sytuacji zakładu, rozwiązywanie problemów w drodze negocjacji zbiorowych, których efektem będzie uchwalanie aktów autonomicznego prawa pracy. Te pozytywne zjawiska mają w Polsce nadal marginalne znaczenie.W artykule wskazano także problemy z realizacją idei społecznej gospodarki rynkowej w normach o praktyce indywidualnego prawa pracy. Tendencje legislacyjne ostatnich lat eksponują raczej dążenie do ekonomicznej efektywności przedsiębiorstw, także kosztem statusu pracowników, a nie typowe dla omawianego modelu gospodarki zrównoważone uwzględnianie potrzeb wszystkich podmiotów zaangażowanych działanie zakładu pracy.Mimo szacunku dla osiągnięć transformacji, która dokonała się w Polsce po 1989 r., trzeba wskazać na konieczność dążenia do pełnej realizacji założeń ustrojowych ustanowionych w art. 20 Konstytucji.

Мир. Вызовы глобального кризиса. Германия

The economic crisis of 2008–2009 highlighted new problems in the development of the German social market economy model and brought to the forefront the factors of its resilience that have ensured Germany’s leadership positions in the EU. Changes in economic policy have affected in the first place the energy and the financial sectors. Shifts in the political landscape have led to the appearance of new political parties. These changes have affected the results of the 2013 elections, the liberal democrats failure to enter the Bundestag has made the winner – CDU – seek new coalition partners.