Social Markers Research Articles

ПОНЯТИЕ «ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИЯ» ГЛАЗАМИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЁЖИ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

The article analyzes a unique empirical material obtained in the course of a sociological study, the purpose of which is to reveal the content of the concept «intelligentsia» as it is comprehended by modern Russian youth. The author studies the correlation of this content with the traditional under-standing of the intelligentsia, presented in the leading Russian sociological approaches: socio-economic, cultural, social-ethical, and others. The main method of collecting primary sociological information is a questionnaire survey, which allows respondents to rank psychological, cognitive, socio-role, moral and ethical markers of the intelligentsia, as well as the markers that characterize the overall level of culture and education of a person. It is revealed that as the main ones, respondents use blocks that cover cognitive characteristics and markers of the general level of culture and upbringing. Moral, ethical and psychological properties and qualities are taken into account to a much lesser extent, while traditional social markers (belonging to a certain social stratum/group/class, profession/occupation/type of occupation, social attitudes and motivation, etc.) remain the outsiders of the sample. Based on the obtained data, a collective image of the intelligentsia through the eyes of modern Russian youth is formed. An opinion about the relevance of the resulting image to almost any person who has received a decent upbringing and education (regardless of the country of residence of this person, their civil position, moral and psychological qualities and characteristics, etc.) is discussed. It is concluded that modern Russian youth, who are not familiar with the etymology and classical interpretations of the concept of «intelligentsia», «dissolves» it in a close, but not identical concept of «intelligence».

Interseccionalidade e colonialidade como chaves interpretativas: reflexões amazônicas sobre direitos humanos

Buscando responder à questão “a interseccionalidade é uma opção decolonial?” refletimos, de modo crítico, sobre a adequação dessas duas chaves interpretativas para a compreensão dos Direitos Humanos em povos das Américas. A teoria da interseccionalidade propõe uma análise dos entrecruzamentos dos marcadores sociais gênero/raça/classe. Por outro lado, decolonialidade apresenta um contexto histórico, político e social, a partir do qual compreende-se feixes hierárquicos como heranças coloniais. Essas chaves interpretativas trazem, em suas reflexões, formas de compreender a violação seletiva de direitos humanos e desconstruir os sistemas de hierarquização e poder. Buscamos aqui apontar suas limitações e potencialidades nesse sentido.

Some aspects of personal identity on the materials of french media

The paper studies the concept of identity verification of the personality in the state system from the perspective of finding additional socially marked meanings/connotations of the word “identity/ identité”. It is also necessary to consider the contexts affecting the variety of meanings that this concept embraces.The study is based on the contexts derived from the French mass media. While describing the concept of identity verification, we use the term “diagnostic markers” to classify the meanings of the lexeme “identity/identité”. These markers can be represented by the linguistic units of different levels, which are used to detect the meaning of identity in a particular information context. The study of the concept helped to detect the associative field of “identity/ identité” from the perspective of personality verification in the state system. Thus, the nuclear meaning is the obligation for a French citizen to carry la carte d’identité/an identity card, while the peripheral meanings include the following: true and false optionality for providing the proof of identity; the contrast between real and official identities; identity as a proof (official document) of one’s nationality; lack of identity in the meaning of absence of legal proof of identity; identity in the context of restrictions imposed as a result of tough immigration policies. The social markers used to identify the personality within the state system were also analyzed from the perspective of ascribed and achieved identity. The first type refers to the situation of actually living in the chosen country, while the second type occurs when a person chooses a country for future residence.

A travessia das infâncias no Amazonas no contexto de distanciamento social

As violências fazem parte do cotidiano das crianças das camadas populares que vivem no Amazonas, estado que abriga muitas infâncias e suas singularidades étnicas: indígenas, caboclas, negras, migrantes ou filhas de imigrantes e mais recentemente, crianças da Venezuela, espalhadas nas diferentes zonas e ruas da capital do estado. Neste artigo, destacamos as condições de desigualdade que violam o direito das crianças vivenciarem suas infâncias e que, com o distanciamento social exigido pela Pandemia da Covid-19, foram acirradas, causando mortes e exposição aos riscos de todas as ordens num tecido social destruído e que, com os mecanismos de exclusão ampliados pelo modelo econômico adotado, foram esfacelados. O trabalho se utiliza da análise interseccional para problematizar as formas de opressão as quais estão submetidas as crianças, considerando os marcadores sociais que carregam, buscando compreender as estratégias utilizadas por elas para produzirem as formas de viver e sobreviver no contexto imposto.

Epistemologia da passabilidade

Este artigo apresenta dez notas analíticas sobre a experiência de passabilidade trans, isto é, de pessoas que são assignadas como sendo de um sexo quando nascem e, em diferentes momentos de suas vidas, intencionalmente ou não, passam por alguém de outro sexo. Essas experiências são analisadas aqui a partir da compreensão de que elas caracterizam um regime histórico de (in)visibilidade (reconhecimento). O referencial teórico envolve teorias e estudos feministas, pós-coloniais, transfeministas, queer, decoloniais, entre outros. A discussão aponta para um regime de (in)visibilidade fundamentalmente do sexo, além de sugerir que a passabilidade envolve pessoas trans e não trans. Conclui-se que se trata de experiências interseccionais de gênero, sexualidade, raça/cor, classe e outros marcadores sociais.

Давньоруські скорчені поховання на території Волині та Прикарпаття (за матеріалами розкопок ХІХ – початку ХХ століть)

According to the body position of the deceased, among the burial monuments of Ancient Rus, there are distinguished flexed burials. In archaeological literature, a certain view is dominated that, in a similar way, with tied limbs, magicians-soothsayers were buried. Most of these complexes were discovered during the excavations of XIX – early XX centuries at Volyn territory and related regions. Namely, the materials of these excavations form the basis of the sample, according to which the author tries to find the answer to the question about the semantic commitment of Ancient Rus flexed burials and its presence in general. Comprehensive analysis of burial complexes is supplemented by medical anatomy data. Among 30 burials that were in the sample, there is complete diversity in the way of placement relative to the horizon, the nature of burial structures, the social status of the buried, their gender and age composition. Among the “flexed deceased” women prevailed, and one of the burials belonged to a child. There were cases of several burials concentration within the same burial ground. Among the burials, two groups can be separated that are quite different from each other: on the side and on the back with the knees raised. Slight differences in the position of the feet under the conditions of burial in most of them had a completely random nature, due to the lack of a clear canon, which would regulate the position of the limbs, during the early stages of Christianization of the peripheral regions of the Ancient Rus state. In some of the complexes, the flexed position (preferably on the side) obviously fixes the posthumous posture of the body, which can be caused by cadaveric constipation or the fire effects. The body acquires a similar position as a result of the posthumous action of fire, which, together with other ceremonial elements, is evidence of the incomplete cremation rite. Thus, the flexed position of the dead during Ancient Rus times cannot be considered as a social marker, and in general – a deliberate ritual action. Key words: Ancient Rus, Volyn and Outer Subcarpathia, funeral rite, flexed position.

Improving Detection of Cognitive Decline and Impairment Using Everyday Behavioral and Social Markers

Early detection of cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the pre-symptomatic phase of Alzheimer’s disease is particularly important for maximizing effectiveness of clinical trials and efficiency of resource allocation. However, it is difficult to distinguish early signs of decline and impairment from normative aging, especially with biomarkers and clinical-based assessments that are expensive and challenging to apply widely. Ambulatory assessments in naturalistic settings provide opportunities to capture everyday markers of cognitive decline and offer cost-effective tools for sensitive, early detection of transitions to MCI in community-dwelling older adults. In this symposium, we present four studies that use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data from the Einstein Aging Study to showcase how everyday markers of behavioral and social functioning assessed up to six times a day for 14 consecutive days can facilitate early detection of cognitive difficulties. Zhaoyang et al. examine whether older adults with intact cognition versus MCI differ in patterns of daily social interactions. Hyun et al. investigate how the diversity of daily activities is associated with ambulatory cognitive deficits. Cerino et al. compare the sensitivity of everyday markers of stress versus global trait-based stress measures to detect MCI. Roque et al. use completion time from EMA surveys as a reliable and unobtrusive way to measure cognition and distinguish those with and without MCI. Stacey Scott will integrate insights gained from these four papers, and discuss the opportunities and challenges faced when combining ambulatory assessments of everyday markers with traditional methods to better detect cognitive decline and impairment.

The Role of Daily Social Interactions in Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment

Social relationships play an important role in cognitive health and aging. However, it is unclear how older adult’s cognitive function affects their everyday social interactions, especially for those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined whether older adults with intact cognition vs. MCI differed in their daily social interactions. Community-dwelling older adults from the Einstein Aging Study (N=244, 70-91 yrs) reported their social interactions five times daily for 14 consecutive days using smartphones. Compared to those with normal cognitive function, older adults with MCI reported less frequent positive social interactions (p=0.012) and in-person social activities (p=0.006) on a daily basis. These two groups, however, did not show significant differences in their social relationships assessed by a conventional global questionnaire. The results support that, relative to global social relationships, daily social interactions are more sensitive, ecologically valid social markers that can facilitate the early detection of MCI.

Literary words of foreign origin as social markers in Jeffrey Archer’s novels

The paper is aimed at studying the use of literary words of foreign origin in modern fiction from a sociolinguistic point of view, which presupposes establishing a correlation between this category of words in a speech portrayal or narrative and a social status of the speaker, and verifying that they serve as indices of socially privileged identity in British literature of the XX1st century. This research is the continuation of the diachronic sociolinguistic study of the upper-class speech portrayals which has traced the distinctive features in their speech and has revealed that literary words of foreign origin unambiguously testify to the social position of a character/speaker and serve as social indices. The question arises then whether it holds true for modern upper-class speakers/speech portrayals, given all the transformations a new millennium has brought about. To this end we have selected 60 contexts from two novels by Jeffrey Archer - Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less (2004) and A Prisoner of Birth (2008) , and subjected them to a careful examination. A graduate from Oxford and representative of socially privileged classes, Archer gives a wide depiction of characters with different social backgrounds and statuses. The analysis of the novels based on the contextual and functional approaches to the study enabled us to categorize the selected words into four relevant groups. The first class represented by terms ( commodity, debenture, assets, luminescence, etc.) serves to unambiguously indicate education, occupation, and fields of knowledge or communicative situations in which a character is involved. The second class is formed of words used in conjunction with their Germanic counterparts ( perspiration - sweat, padre - priest, convivial - friendly ) to contrast the social position of the characters: literary words serving as social indices of upper class speakers, whereas their synonyms of Germanic origin characterize middle or lower class speech portrayals. The third class of words comprises socially marked words (verbs, nouns and adjectives), or U-words (the term first coined by Allan Ross and Nancy Mitford), the status acquired in the course of social history development (elegant, excellent, sophistication, authoritative, preposterous, etc .) . The fourth class includes words used in a humorous or ironic meaning to convey the narrators attitude to the characters or the situation itself ( ministrations, histrionic, etc.). Words of this group are perceived as stylistic aliens, as they create incongruity between style and subject matter. The social implication of the selected words is enhanced by French words and phrases often accompanying them.

Past, present, and past as present in India's predictive policing

In India, law enforcement's use of big data to thwart crime has instead amplified the discriminatory presence of caste, religion, gender, and other social markers within a system that is supposedly objective and neutral.

Caminhos da Reprodução da Colonialidade: Experiência desenvolvimentista e reação conservadora sob a tensão colonialidade/decolonialidade

This communication aims to verify how the recent process of precarious medianization occurred in Brazil. This is part of the question whether the second Brazilian developmental experience promoted changes in the intermediate strata of the class structure in Brazil. Through a consistent bibliographic review, derived from doctorate research, we make use of decolonial thought as a knowledge that confronts neoliberal and financial rhetoric. Here we outline the tension between coloniality/decoloniality that makes it possible to locate normative references called social markers of the tension between coloniality/decoloniality. The markers then try to analyze the development, especially the Brazilian heterodox model of the PT governments, and possible changes in the class structure. It is identified, then, a process of precarious medianization in which social mobility occurs in a limited way inflating the intermediate strata and not producing a middle class society. This produces conservative and far-rigth reactions in order to ensure the maintenance of an unequal social order, based on strong privileges at the top of the socioeconomic pyramid, not breaking with the colonization of social life

A “Forgotten” Coin-Shaped Indication from the Early Medieval Burial Complex in Tuekta (Central Altai)

The article is dedicated to the publication of a unique find that is a coin-shaped indication from the early medieval burial complex in Tuekta (Central Altai) and an attempt of its comprehensive analysis. Excavations of the archaeological site were carried out in the 1930s during the work of the Sayan-Altai expedition led by S.V. Kiselev, however, since then, the metioned find has not attracted the attention of researchers. The article presents a detailed description of the coin-shaped indication and the analysis of the applied images, it is there also given the characteristic of the archaeological context of the discovery of the object and discuss the possibility of reading fixed signs. As a result, it is presented an attempt to interpret the product in a specific historical and cultural context taking into account the materials received over the past decades. It should be noted the absence of identical archaeological finds in the numismatic collections. At the same time, an analysis of the details of the image on the coin-shaped indication made it possible to outline a wide range of analogies demonstrating the complex processes of cultural contacts in large territories of Eurasia over a long chronological period. The authors came to the conclusion that the analysed product, as well as other like finds from the archaeological sites of the Türks of Inner Asia, to be a kind of “social markers”, demonstrating their owners’ belonging to the elite strata of the nomadic society and, possibly, reflect their specific authority. The proposed interpretation of such things, given their scarcity, as well as the context of discovery not being obvious, seems debatable and, of course, requires the emergence of new data as a result of further archaeological research

Scalable diagnostic screening of mild cognitive impairment using AI dialogue agent

AbstractBackgroundThe search for early biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been central to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the dementia research community in recent years. While there exist in‐vivo biomarkers (e.g., beta‐amyloid and tau) that can serve as indicators of pathological progression toward AD, biomarker screenings are prohibitively expensive to scale if widely used among pre‐symptomatic individuals in the outpatient setting. Behavior and social markers such as language, speech, and conversational behaviors reflect cognitive changes that may precede physical changes and offer a much more cost‐effective option for preclinical MCI detection, especially if they can be extracted from a non‐clinical setting.MethodWe developed a prototype AI conversational agent that conducts screening conversations with participants. Specifically, this AI agent must learn to ask the right sequence of questions to distinguishing the conversational characteristics of the participants with MCI from those with normal cognition. Using transcribed data obtained from recorded conversational interactions between participants and trained interviewers generated in a recently completed clinical trial, and applying supervised learning models to these data, we developed a novel reinforcement learning (RL) pipeline and a dialogue simulation environment to train an efficient dialogue agent to explore a range of semi‐structured questions. We train and validate our AI dialogue agent based on transcribed data from a randomized controlled behavioral intervention study, where we use the transcribed data from 41 subjects (14 MCI, 27 NL). Each subject has an average of 35 turns of dialogue on average.ResultThe results show that while using only a few turns of conversation, our framework can significantly outperform state‐of‐the‐art supervised learning approaches used in a past study. An AI agent of 30 turns of dialogue achieves over 0.853 Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUC) and 0.809 AUC with 20 turns, as compared to 0.811 AUC with the full dialogue turns.ConclusionOur dialogue‐based AI agent presents a step toward using AI to extend clinical care beyond the classical hospital and clinical settings, where we find that AI‐generated dialogues produce more predictive linguistic markers.

Poetological dominants of historical memory in works of asian immigrant writers in Canada

Poetological dominants of historical memory in works of asian immigrant writers in Canada
 The paper highlights the development of literature related to the historical memory concept of Canadian immigrants from Asian countries. It covers the period of the late 20th ― first decades of the 21st century. The complex of problems, analyzed and structured within the semantic field of the modern historical memory concept, is often applicable both to Canada and Ukraine. The research broadens the knowledge of Canadian literature introducing the names of researchers and writers new to Ukrainian literary studies. The paper overviews the interpretations of Canadian Asian immigrants’ dispositions within the paradigm of modern arts and humanities. The focus is on the issues of double identity, the coherence of ethnic and North American mentality. The researcher generalizes the poetical aspects of the works by Ying Chen, Kim Thui, Joy Kogawa, Michael Ondaatje. Attention has been paid to the definition of discursive parameters, which allow shaping the concept of historical memory in ‘mosaic’ Canadian society; the issues of identities; the main markers of Canadian historical strategies; and versatile patterns of literary texts.
 The participation of Canada in the global dialog, which involves its culture and literature, plays probably the most important role in the debate on Canadian polyethnic literature. Regional, national, and international features demand some combined definition. The research explicates modern historical memory strategies in the context of conventional territory with its specific spatial and temporal characteristics. The author demonstrates the main local views on peculiarities of the Canadian literary process of the 2nd half of the 20th ― early 21st century and analyzes literary texts. All the novels show profound connection between representatives of Canadian literature, who may seem essentially different but manifest temporal and subjective similarity.
 The paper lists the names of authors working within the ‘double vision’ formula suggested by N. Frye. This approach focuses on the elements of North American culture pertaining to Canadian multicultural world structure as well as traditional cultures of the writers’ ancestral homelands. The paper also considers the generation paradigm, structured on the basis of social and historical algorithms and psychological markers. The types of generational modes (Kim Thuy, Michael Ondaatje) in literature were combined through a common denominator ― canadianness ― based on a double identity.

Интернет-мем как предмет социологического исследования: возможности применения метода событийного анализа (event-analysis)

The present study considers memes as socio-cultural phenomena which is complex and multilevel. The authors single out research prospects for studying memes with the methods applied in sociological research. Even though a variety of disciplines studies memes, sociology analyzes memes from the perspective of social stratification, “us” and “them” dichotomy, allowing researchers to observe memetics as both socio-cultural and quasi-political reality. Internet meme is shown as the most dynamic and representative phenomenon in memetics. Social media provide a context for Internet meme that reflect values of any modern society. The methods applied in meme research presupposes a synthesis of interdisciplinary approaches and separate procedures including, firstly, multimodal analysis, content analysis and discursive studies. Event analysis is a subtype of content analysis. In the case of memes interpretation due to this method a researcher can observe the dynamics of social and political events, define social and cultural continuum markers as well as values of modern society.

Discourses of the Willkommenskultur (Welcoming culture) in Germany

ABSTRACT Given the rise of populist parties in Germany and the charge that multiculturalism is dead, the present research examines how everyday Germans formulate an account of cultural diversity and multiculturalism. We employ a critical discursive psychological analysis and focus particularly on the arguments used to criticize cultural diversity and multiculturalism. Asynchronous online interviews were conducted with eighteen native-born German citizens. The data analysis shows that participants criticized cultural diversity and multiculturalism by deploying ‘Leitkultur-style’ nationalistic discourses and normalizing the hierarchical relations between immigrants and Germans. Participants also questioned multiculturalism as an ideology and everyday practice and moved back and forth between diverging accounts. These discourses reinforce dominant ideologies that place immigrants’ responsibility to assimilate and adopt German cultural norms and values. Our findings suggest that there are critical, flexible, and contradictory social markers of multiculturalism that have significant ramifications for policy and to everyday people who face the real task of living with cultural diversity.

Globalized, yet local: football fandom in Qatar

ABSTRACT Scholars have examined the political role of football for Qatari authorities, but what football means to citizens remains unexplored. This paper seeks to answer the question ‘what is Qatari football?’, through four parts: firstly, the introductory part identifies the gap in the literature and situates the paper in relevant academic discussions (in particular related to the concepts of glocal and modern traditionalism). The second part provides the historical and social context, while the fourth, empirical part reviews the history and development in football in Qatar and discusses and how traditional social markers and tribal identities is reflected in football in Qatar through interviews with young players and supporters. This part also highlights an ambivalence towards commercialization and politicization of Qatari football among supporters. Finally, the paper concludes that Qatari football is very much like the country itself; neither modern nor traditional, affected by both globalization, politics and distinct local features.

Uma proposta de interseccionalidade entre gênero e raça para a Educação Básica

O presente estudo se refere a necessidade de provocar uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância de o ensino abordar a interseccionalidade em suas práticas para democratizar e descolonizar a construção do conhecimento no âmbito escolar. A forma com que os conteúdos escolares têm versado sobre o debate histórico e social das desigualdades raciais e de gênero produz um distanciamento da realidade social. Em se tratando de identidades de distintos marcadores sociais da diferença como raça e gênero, a interseccionalidade relacionada ao ensino das disciplinas de História e Sociologia pode se transformar em elemento potencializador da ressignificação do lugar social de minorias comumente marginalizadas no contexto social e na produção do conhecimento.

Towards a Personalized Multi-Domain Digital Neurophenotyping Model for the Detection and Treatment of Mood Trajectories.

The commercial availability of many real-life smart sensors, wearables, and mobile apps provides a valuable source of information about a wide range of human behavioral, physiological, and social markers that can be used to infer the user’s mental state and mood. However, there are currently no commercial digital products that integrate these psychosocial metrics with the real-time measurement of neural activity. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG) is a well-validated and highly sensitive neuroimaging method that yields robust markers of mood and affective processing, and has been widely used in mental health research for decades. The integration of wearable neuro-sensors into existing multimodal sensor arrays could hold great promise for deep digital neurophenotyping in the detection and personalized treatment of mood disorders. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain digital neurophenotyping model based on the socioecological model of health. The proposed model presents a holistic approach to digital mental health, leveraging recent neuroscientific advances, and could deliver highly personalized diagnoses and treatments. The technological and ethical challenges of this model are discussed.

Communities of practice in pre-Hispanic Middle and Lower Paraná (Northeastern Argentina). Ceramic petrography contributions

During the present decade, our knowledge on the practices of raw material selection and preparation from pre-Hispanic Middle and Lower Paraná pottery manufacturing has substantially increased due to the application of thin section microscopy. However, the point-counting methodology has not been applied in most of the studies, which provides paste component quantitative data, and allows us to make adjusted comparisons across different pottery manufacturing traditions. In this paper, we perform modal analysis by point-counting of ceramic pastes retrieved from Middle and Lower Paraná archaeological sites (ca. 1800 to 360 BP), which are attributed to the Goya-Malabrigo archaeological entity. Paste petrography allowed us to identify structural similarities in ca. 70% of the pastes, and a shared clay processing recipe, which included adding grog. Usage of this temper has already been observed among communities of potters from Middle and Lower Paraná, even in those not attributed to the Goya-Malabrigo entity (i.e., Guaraní). In this paper, we also verify the differences found in the added amount of grog temper between the two Paraná River sections under consideration. Although most frequently grog comprises 2% of the inclusions found, its variability range is wider in Lower Paraná where, in general, it was added in greater amounts. This practice could be indicative of shared identities and a social differentiation marker, and evidence that clay manipulation played a prominent role during the identity negotiation processes.