Social Manifestations Research Articles

Functional foods in Portugal: profiles and logics of consumption

Introduction: Health, present and future, is becoming increasingly structuring of the lifestyle of large amounts of western populations. Food, as an immediate intervention object, is revealing plasticity either in which concerns the transformative power of technology or the enlarged purposes of usage. Functional foods, a category of techno-foods, enriched with micro-ingredients, is showing increasing presence in the Portuguese dietary habits related both with the willing to consume from the individual’s side and the expanding creative offer from the industry side. In a context of deregulation of eating practices [1], in which dietary norms are under constant remodelling and dietary patterns become fragmented, hybrid objects (between food and medicines), such as the functional foods, play an important role in the food decision making and the associated risk management. The mobilization of the ‘rationalism’ concept from Weber [2] and its declination on the cost-benefit principle of calculation [3] together with the neoliberal ideology of empowerment of the ‘responsible’ consumer [4] enable to understand the regular consumers of functional foods as calculated, methodical and premeditated agents trying to achieve higher levels of control of their bodies. Materials and methods: In an approach to a mix-methods methodology two independent quantitative techniques were used namely a survey by questionnaire about nutritional habits, of the Portuguese population, and a database of 500.000 transactions, of functional foods, performed with a retail chain’s loyalty card in order to identify typified usage profiles. Further analysis of content of 4 focus groups, integrating 24 participants, was used to explore the logics and perceptions that modulate the different modes of relation of Portuguese consumers with functional foods. This investigation complied with the standard ethics procedures and follows the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The combination of the quantitative data shows the average consumer as being a woman, aged 35–54 years, high levels of education and living in a home with a monthly income >2.500,00€ and consuming in a daily or weekly basis. The most consumed products are those for the regulation of the intestinal transit, mainly yogurts enriched with bacteria and water and cereals enriched with fibres. Discussion and conclusions: Three profiles were identified related to the following rationalities: Aspirational, Instrumental and Pragmatic. The first two, usually related with the ‘worried well’, reveal medicalised or proto-medicalised practices connected with the use-value of the functional foods, transformed in a therapeutic tool, either to complement, delay or substitute a medicine. The third is an indicator of how commodification and normalisation is stimulating simplified heuristics [5]. Through functional foods medicalisation presents new social manifestations and expands to the territories of performance and wellbeing.

Asian tourists and cultural complexity: Implications for practice and the Asianisation of tourism scholarship

Asian tourist behaviour is often characterised along essentialistic terms such as Asians are collectivistic and hierarchical. The essentialist approach to understanding culture faces serious criticisms. In using cultural complexity instead of culture, this paper introduces functional culture and negotiated culture perspectives, as derived from structural functionalism and conflict theory respectively, to situate Asian tourist behaviour. Cultural complexity is manifested as a dynamic web of stable and yet changing social manifestations. The pool of contrasting and contradicting cultural manifestations is a resource for members of society to express, control and navigate the variety of situations they encounter in life. The diversity of potential cultural expressions also provides society room to experiment, respond and manage changing circumstances. This paper offers implications from the functional culture and negotiated culture perspectives on the management of Asian tourists. It also addresses the academic implication, in the context of the Asianisation of tourism scholarship.

From One Islam to Another: A Paradoxical Agency of the Entry into Female Students’ Careers

The European continent appears as a new transcultural environment at the heart of globalization in which religious subjectivities are developed. I observe this more specifically in the socioreligious trajectories of the descendants of Muslim migrants. This paper focuses on the mobilization of Islam in its social manifestations among female Muslim teachers in Muslim private schools, in comparison with the Islam of young female students at university. Research with the professors allows us to question the religious activity of the interviewees and how they develop a long-term lifestyle, including in a context marked by stigmatization, against the backdrop of the results of our previous work on the emancipation pattern of the “sisters in Islam”. This analysis is based on a comparative approach that aims to capture a new way of being in the French society, in a religious frame of reference that is being reinvented.

Una exploración de los “años 1929.” La Confederación Ibero-Americana de Estudiantes, entre México y España

ABSTRACTFounded in Mexico City by the young representatives of seven countries, the Ibero-American Student Confederation (CIADE, 1931–1933) can be considered as the main fruit of the so-called 1929s. Understood as the second moment of the university reform movement, the 1929s, expressed in plural due to the multitude of social manifestations that appeared between 1927 and 1933 and whose hotspot was 1929, were characterized by a large wave of student protests, triggered by academic and political issues, both in Spain and Mexico and in the Southern Cone or Cuba. Structured by a connection between Spaniards and Mexicans, the CIADE was the first international organization that sought to unite Latin American and Iberian students. The CIADE, product of the 1929 student mobilizations in Mexico, Spain and of the Ibero-American solidarity movement towards Nicaragua, deepened the university reform program and developed a vast and ambitious political platform. Its demise in 1933 can be explained basically by its close dependence on Mexican student politics.

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА МОНОГРАФИЮ "СОЦИОГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ СМЫСЛЫ И ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПРАВА" / Л.И. ГЛУХАРЕВА, П.Е. ЗЕМСКОВА, В.Ф. КАЛИНА, Г.Ю. КУРСКОВА, М.И. ЛАВИЦКАЯ, Е.И. ТИМИНА, В.А. ЦЫГАНОВКИН / ПОД РЕД. Л.И. ГЛУХАРЕВОЙ. М.: РУСАЙНС, 2019. 254 С.

The review analyzes the monographic study “Socio-humanitarian meanings and meanings of law” presented by the team of the Department of Theory of Law and Comparative Law of the Russian State University for the Humanities. The goal-setting of the group of authors consists in intensifying scientific searches in the direction of describing and exploring the new (until recently, not realized and not reflected) ontological forms and aspects of legal reality and developing alternative methodological approaches to their understanding and analysis. The team of authors, emphasizing the multiplicity of social factors and manifestations ofl aw, pluralism of its sense and meanings, which is reflected in the title of the monograph, proceeds from the fact that law is not a set of abstract verbal formulations that have an imperative effect on society regardless its own will, but a social structure designed and reproduced in the consciousness, motivation and practices of individuals and social groups.

About history and significance of the eugenic ideas

Aim. To show the short history of the origin and development of the eugenic ideas at the beginning of the 20th century.
 Methods. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used.
 Results. The article presents the results of historical and medical research that demonstrated that close by the tasks to medicine eugenics studied inherited properties, their social manifestations and historical changes. Science eugenics gained wide circulation and recognition in 1920s in USSR. The ideas became popular that achievements of the Soviet health care, its preventive direction lead to creation of higher sanitary culture and realization of eugenic tasks for creation of the harmonious Soviet identity. Since the early 1930s in the Soviet Union the eugenics underwent severe criticism. The eugenic ideas were completely discredited by Nazi programs of fascist Germany in 1933-1945 when millions of people were exterminated. In the end of the 20th century interest in eugenics has renewed because of development of genetics.
 Conclusion. Despite the ambiguous past, the eugenics had played a certain positive role as it allowed understanding genetic and anthropological human features, and served as an incentive for development of medical genetics and study of genetic diseases.

Reenchanting Urban Wildness: To Perceive, Think and Live With Nature in its Urban Environment

This second edition of the International Conference on Ecopoetics organized by Benedicte Meillon, under the aegis of the research center CRESEM (Centre de Recherche sur les Societes et Environnements en Mediterranee) of the University of Perpignan Via Domitia, explored the literary and social manifestations of diverse interactions linking humans and non-humans in the midst of an expanding urbanization. The conference gathered a hundred scholars, novelists, poets, sociologists, ethnologists, t...

Corrientes, campos y escenas: una propuesta sociomusicológica de clasificación de la música occidental

The History of Music has always been represented, in the Western Academic tradition, as a series of great works signed by geniuses. From this corpus, the necessary cuts were planned and the terminology which will end up configuring the history of the musical styles was provided. Currently this chronology represents an obstacle to add to and contextualize the contemporary creations and it isolates music as an artistic form disconnected from other cultural manifestations. Our theoretical contribution is the result of an interdisciplinary work which conjugates the heritage of Musicology, Sociology and Historiography. The synchronic reflection of these disciplines allows us to articulate a new chronology for Western Music. This proposal establishes as its main cores the historic matrix of the term stream of Philip Ennis, and the concepts of field of Pierre Bourdieu and musical scene of Will Straw. We can, thus, take Music back to its social context and understand its historical process as an uninterrupted flow –a simultaneous combination of four trends and two fields or scenes– and in constant dialogue with the rest of social manifestations.

Аналитический отчет о результатах исследования «Экстремизм как социальное проявление в современном мире»

Аналитический отчет о результатах исследования «Экстремизм как социальное проявление в современном мире»

Representaciones sociales y espacio público en la construcción de ciudad

Este artículo es producto de una experiencia investigativa que interpreta, a partir de los actores sociales las múltiples dimensiones de los espacios públicos en la ciudad de Pereira. El estudio permitió comprender cómo los vendedores informales, a partir de sus prácticas comerciales construyen, representan y apropian la ciudad, en un sector de concurrido paso y concentración peatonal como es la Carrera Octava de Pereira. El contenido del artículo devela una lectura de ciudad a través de las experiencias significativas construidas desde las prácticas cotidianas de los vendedores informales. La información que se recolectó fue producto de la combinación de técnicas e instrumentos del diseño etnográfico en investigación cualitativa, dando cuenta de las formas de apropiación, usos y significados que se construyen en los espacios públicos como escenarios permanentes de manifestación política, cultural y social.

Women And Wedlock: A Study On Female Marital Status Among the Hindus, Muslims and Christians of Assam, India

Although marriage is a social institution but marital status and age at marriage are important demographic determinants as these aspects influence the pattern of fertility and natural growth of population. Studying the various aspects of marital status of any population group especially the figures related to women can give an exposition about the probability of fertility rate as well as social manifestation prevailing in the society. It also helps to understand the preferred specific age at marriage for women. However, little is known about the marital status of women living in Assam cutting across religions—Hindu, Muslim and Christian. In this backdrop, an attempt has been made through this research to examine the changing trend of marital status among the Hindu, Muslim and Christian women of Assam. The research is based on secondary data and Census information and considers the entire state of Assam. Census data of 2001 and 2011 shows interesting and striking information about the changing situation of marital status among the Hindus, Muslims and Christians of the state. It is arguable that the study linked to female marital status is saliently more influencing in this context as it determines the socio-economic status of women and pattern of fertility in any society. Among the different religions of Assam, Hindu women have the highest married proportion followed by Christian while Muslim is the lowest in the same category. Depending on the socio-cultural practices, economic conditions and the level of educational attainment, the age at marriage varies among the religious groups. The proportion of woman being married at a younger age has been less, is an indication of advancement in the educational scenario.

Borders as the productive tension between the universal and the particular: challenges for education in a global era

For some scholars and commentators, the era of globalisation represented a new border-less age. However, the continuing legacy of colonial expansion through contemporary forms of imperialism and mass movement of migrants and refugees, has ensured that, in today’s globalised world, the relevance of the border is growing, not declining. Indeed, the question of the border seems more urgent than ever. It is this urgency that has driven us to pause, here, on the idea and problem of ‘the border’. We argue that borders are a ‘fact’ of social life and that the border represents the social and material manifestation of the political and ethical problems of the relationship between the universal and the particular. This relationship is an irresolvable but necessary tension for the pursuit of justice, which we suggest sociological and education work must confront and attend to.

Reforma da previdência e trabalhista no Brasil: a democracia midiatizada no pós-impeachment de 2016

From 2013 Brazil has given a new meaning to its policy in a very particular way. One of most striking consequences for country’s democracy was culmination of impeachment of twice- elected president (2010 and 2014) with more than 51 million direct votes, Dilma Rousseff, of Partido dos Trabalhadores. The new government started in 2015 was marked by intense oppositionist manifestations articulated by right-wing parties and rightwing politicians, together with conservative and neo- liberal sectors and institutions such as Federacao da Industria de Sao Paulo (FIESP) and with broad support, in an alternation of scheduling and spiral of silence, of much of traditional and corporatist Brazilian media. Parallel to this, isolation of legislative branch from one of largest investigations into corruption (which begins within Petrobras and expands to other institutions, including real estate market and political class) -the Lava Jato, which included name of most Brazilian politicians ended up generating a crisis not only of political representation, but within political system itself. President Dilma suffers a coup d’etat and leaves government in 2016. Assumes its deputy president, Michel Temer, with proposal of being the president of great In this context are inserted proposals for social security reform (PEC 287) that among other things changes minimum age required for retirement; and labor reform that dilutes some rights of formal workers in name of a generation of employment and income of productive sector, as an alternative to come out of economic crisis. However, mood of dissatisfaction and polarization between left and right did not calm down after impeachment. And since beginning of 2017, when these two reforms were put on agenda of media and Congress for voting, a series of protests, demonstrations and strikes reasserted forces of desire for direct political participation. The left, somewhat discouraged post-impeachment, saw popular dissatisfaction with two reforms, possibility of union of a large part of population in a single cause: stop dismantling of workers’ rights. Thus, some demonstrations and striking movements were carried out in first year of Temer Government, but silenced or scheduled in a distorted way by mainstream media. This article therefore proposes to analyze implementation of reforms of Social Security and Labor Legislation as mechanisms of popular cohesion around dissatisfaction with new government of Michel Temer and how this relates directly to media coverage that has made on social manifestations after impeachment of President Dilma. Qualitatively it will proceed analysis of discourse of main news made around reforms.

On essence of association between physical culture and physical education

Interaction between such concepts as «physical culture» and «physical education» and their role in human social life are considered. Objective – to reveal the relationships between physical culture and physical education. Methods: analysis of special literature. Conclusions. It has been established that the term “physical education” in scientific and social practice is interpreted as a social phenomenon and as a process that reflects the dual nature of human social activity, which simultaneously acts as the subject and object of the culturalhistorical process. It has been shown that physical education represents one of the forms of social manifestation of physical culture.

You Got Spirit, Kid: Transmedial Life-Writing across Time and Space

You Got Spirit, Kid: Transmedial Life-Writing across Time and Space

A contradição na Ciência da Lógica e na Filosofia da História

O artigo procura reconstruir a noção hegeliana de contradição e o seu papel no desenvolvimento da História universal. O conceito perpassa o coração da Ciência da Lógica hegelina, especialmente na passagem da Lógica da essência na Lógica do conceito. A contradição não caracteriza uma categoria ao lado de outras categorias e não é integrante de uma estrutura categorial, mas aparece como um movimento transversal que atravessa a Ciência da Lógica e articula o movimento de autoconstrução do próprio sistema filosófico. Num primeiro momento, o artigo está centralizado no conceito de contradição na Ciência da Lógica, precisamente na passagem da Lógica da essência na Lógica do conceito, a partir de contraditórios categoriais como substancialidade e acidentalidade, absoluto e relativo e universalidade e particularidade que se integram dialeticamente. Num segundo momento, esta exposição se desdobra na noção de contradição na Filosofia da História universal enquanto móvel da realidade. Neste campo da Filosofia do real, o Espírito universal se exterioriza em múltiplas manifestações culturais, políticas, civilizacionais e sociais. O método consiste no trabalho de leitura e interpretação de textos hegelianos extraídos das obras em questão, auxiliado com textos de comentadores da obra hegeliana. Em razão de questões argumentativas, não seguiremos a tríade hegeliana de Lógica, Natureza e Espírito, mas da Ideia universal como intrínseca à História, articulados no movimento da racionalidade da História.

A TALE OF TWO VISIONS: Representing the Orientialized West, Representing the Orient

Starting in the eighteenth century, the West’s interest in the exotic was matched with a rival gaze from the East. The fluid seams where the so-called dualities met have generated powerful spaces of tension: Occident, Orient; master, colonized; and public, private. The elite Muslim Ottoman women’s agency in dress via adoption of corsets, tight-fitting dresses and the adoption of overstuffed seating furniture modeled after the Turkish divan in the West resulted in an unprecedented conflict between furniture, the body and the dress. The inclusion of the body and its dress in the discourse helps to construct an interior design theory that deals with the immediate, experiential role of the body unlike the abstract body in space, which served architectural theory for centuries. Furthermore, the body fosters social manifestation of spaces. This is the fascinating story of a cultural exchange between women: an exchange of divans and corsets.

Своеобразие формирования и развития системы здравоохранения в период оккупации Старооскольского района Курской области

The article studies how the occupational authorities established medical institutions and developed health services in the Stary Oskol district of the Kursk region from July 2, 1942 to February 5, 1943. The author has analyzed scholarship and archival materials and concluded that the problem needs a further study. The article analyzes the process of medical institutions reconstruction. It focuses on the formation of financial resources, which was indispensable for their restoration, and the outset of their work. The author underscores the difficulties in providing medical institutions with professional personnel, and secondly, the instances of collaboration among the local population. Such cooperation could be justified not just by self-preservation, but also by preoccupation with public needs. Collaboration on the territory of the Stary Oskol district occupied by the German troops was not extensive. However, the health care was under-stuffed and badly supplied, the population had little food and less money, which resulted in rising death rates in the Stary Oskol district. A large part of the documents is being now introduced into scientific use by the article. It significantly expands traditional notions of the national scholarship on the occupation regime, the difficulties in medical institutions development and healthcare delivery to the local population and the prisoners of war, thus allowing a better understanding of the problem. The novelty of the article is in its being a first study of formation and development of the health care system under the new political regime and of social collaborationism manifestations among an insignificant part of the civilian population during the occupation of the Stary Oskol district, Kursk region.

Access to Justice for Victims of Structural Violence in Makassar, South Sulawesi

Structural Violence is a manifestation of repressive act for overcoming the problems happened in society that reflects lack experience and understanding about social-culture condition. Access to justice for violence of structural violence is a rights warranted by constitution and must be given due to systemic and large impact. The aim of this research is to find out structural violence happened in Makassar as a result of social conflict and manifestation of people rights for access to justice in completing that conflict. this research is descriptive with empirical/sociological approach. The result of the research showed that social conflict occurred as arrogance of power and the blockage of communication in completing the problem. The un synchronized between one law to the other law; weak of apparatus understanding and the arrogance character of Makassar peoples are the other causes. Marginalization which lead to people counterproductive is the biggest cause from impact occurred. Access to justice for victims of structural violence on the one side seen as blessing for victim, however for the authorities is a threat that can disturbing the existence of dominance to low class people.

Psyсhologiсal defense mechanisms of children with cerebral palsy in the context of mothers attitude to a child’s disease

Introduction. Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant prevalence in industrialized countries and is characterized by a high level of disability. Children and adolescents with CP face challenging situations. Physical defects repeatedly manifest in the daily life of a child in the form of other extraordinary events such as hospitalization, surgery, prolonged immobilization, and separation from family. Such events can be accompanied by feelings of fear, anxiety, helplessness, and pronounced symptoms of maladjustment. Under these conditions, certain biological and social compensatory manifestations help to identify such complicated conditions and restore the normal functioning of the body. Compensatory manifestations are a type of compensatory defense mechanisms. The major role in establishing a system of protection is played by the relationship between a child and his or her parents. Defense mechanisms can be formed during the process of assimilation of protective parental behavior, or because of the inappropriate attitude of mothers to the child’s illness. The purpose of the research was to study the defense mechanisms in children with CP in the context of mothers’ relationship to her child’s illness.
 Materials and methods. The research involved 120 people. The experimental group included 30 children with CP aged 5 to 11 years and their mothers. The control group consisted of relatively healthy children (30) and their mothers. The following was used to achieve the goal: the elements of clinical and biographical method, projective technique, the technique of diagnostics of attitude to the child’s illness.
 Results and discussion. The repertoire of psychological defense mechanisms in children with CP is limited in comparison with those in healthy children. Children with CP are dominated by the defense mechanism of “denial” that can play a negative role in the process of adaptation of these children in a situation involving complex treatments. The mothers of children with CP share an emotionally intense relationship with their child’s disease. Excessively disturbing attitudes of the mother to the disease of her child can contribute to the formation of negative psychological defense mechanisms of negation type in the child, which reduces the child’s psychological compensatory capacity and capability of adaptation in conditions of complex treatment.