Social Familiarity Research Articles

Social Familiarity and Spatially Variable Environments Independently Determine Reproductive Fitness in a Wild Bird.

AbstractThe social interactions that an individual experiences are a key component of its environment and can have important consequences for reproductive success. The dear enemy effect posits that having familiar neighbors at a territory boundary can reduce the need for territory defense and competition and potentially increase cooperation. Although fitness benefits of reproducing among familiar individuals are documented in many species, it remains unclear to what extent these relationships are driven by direct benefits of familiarity itself versus other socioecological covariates of familiarity. We use 58 years of great tit (Parus major) breeding data to disentangle the relationship between neighbor familiarity, partner familiarity, and reproductive success while simultaneously considering individual and spatiotemporal effects. We find that neighbor familiarity was positively associated with reproductive success for females but not males, while an individual's familiarity with their breeding partner was associated with fitness benefits for both sexes. There was strong spatial heterogeneity in all investigated fitness components, but our findings were robust and significant over and above these effects. Our analyses are consistent with direct effects of familiarity on individuals' fitness outcomes. These results suggest that social familiarity can yield direct fitness benefits, potentially driving the maintenance of long-term bonds and evolution of stable social systems.

Analisis Ragam Bahasa Guru dan Siswa dalam Interaksi Kelas di SDN 1 Kabunderan

This The research entitled "Analysis of Teacher and Student Language Variety in Class Interaction at SDN 1 Kabunderan" aims to describe the use of various languages ​​of teachers and students in the school environment of SDN 1 Kabunderan. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method based on existing facts. Data obtained based on observations in the field. The results of research conducted at SDN 1 Kabunderan show that there are a variety of standard, official, relaxed, and familiar languages ​​used by teachers and students such as the use of mixed languages ​​of Indonesian, Javanese and English. The most dominant use of mixed languages ​​is the variety of Indonesian with Javanese ngapak, while the non-dominant use is found in the variety of Indonesian and English. The occurrence of various languages ​​is motivated by Javanese cultural factors, foreign languages, technological developments, social media developments, familiarity, and mutual respect.

Social anxiety and alcohol consumption: The role of social context

Research has identified social anxiety as a risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder. However, studies have produced equivocal findings regarding the relationship between social anxiety and drinking behaviors in authentic drinking environments. This study examined how social-contextual features of real-world drinking contexts might influence the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption in everyday settings. At an initial laboratory visit, heavy social drinkers (N = 48) completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Participants were then outfitted with a transdermal alcohol monitor individually-calibrated for each participant via laboratory alcohol-administration. Over the next seven days, participants wore this transdermal alcohol monitor and responded to random survey prompts (6x/day), during which they provided photographs of their surroundings. Participants then reported on their levels of social familiarity with individuals visible in photographs. Multilevel models indicated a significant interaction between social anxiety and social familiarity in predicting drinking, b = -0.004, p =.003 Specifically, among participants higher in social anxiety, drinking increased as social familiarity decreased b = -0.152, p <.001, whereas among those lower in social anxiety, this relationship was non-significant, b = 0.007, p =.867. Considered alongside prior research, findings suggest that the presence of strangers within a given environment may play a role in the drinking behavior of socially anxious individuals.

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

Liposaccharide-induced sustained mild inflammation fragments social behavior and alters basolateral amygdala activity.

Conditions with sustained low-grade inflammation have high comorbidity with depression and anxiety and are associated with social withdrawal. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for affective and social behaviors and is sensitive to inflammatory challenges. Large systemic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiate peripheral inflammation, increase BLA neuronal activity, and disrupt social and affective measures in rodents. However, LPS doses commonly used in behavioral studies are high enough to evoke sickness syndrome, which can confound interpretation of amygdala-associated behaviors. The objectives of this study were to find a LPS dose that triggers mild peripheral inflammation but not observable sickness syndrome in adult male rats, to test the effects of sustained mild inflammation on BLA and social behaviors. To accomplish this, we administered single doses of LPS (0-100μg/kg, intraperitoneally) and measured open field behavior, or repeated LPS (5μg/kg, 3 consecutive days), and measured BLA neuronal firing, social interaction, and elevated plus maze behavior. Repeated low-dose LPS decreased BLA neuron firing rate but increased the total number of active BLA neurons. Repeated low-dose LPS also caused early disengagement during social bouts and less anogenital investigation and an overall pattern of heightened social caution associated with reduced gain of social familiarity over the course of a social session. These results provide evidence for parallel shifts in social interaction and amygdala activity caused by prolonged mild inflammation. This effect of inflammation may contribute to social symptoms associated with comorbid depression and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam

The author conducted this study with the aim to identify and analyze the factors that influence the purchase intention of skin care products through e-commerce. In this case, the author chose Generation Z in Batam City, aged 8 to 23, as the study's subject since they are familiar with local skin care goods and intend to purchase them via e-commerce.The independent variables used in this research are social influence, reputation, price value, familiarity and information quality. The intervention variable used is trust and the dependent variable used is purchase intention. This study applies an explanatory method with a quantitative approach in data collection. The technique used by the author is the purposive sampling technique. The data in this study was analyzed using smart PLS. According to the findings of this study, a company's reputation, familiarity, and credible information are all key factors in increasing a customer's trust in purchasing a product. The better the reputation and the quality of information offered through e-commerce, the higher the level of consumer trust in the company and the higher the level of consumer familiarity with the company’s product and with the e-commerce used by the company in the transactions process. This will result in the better lever of consumer’s trust in the business. If this trust is established, the customer will be more likely to make a purchase.

(In)consistency matters: An account of understanding the perception of inconsistent expressions on social media.

In their daily use of social media, most people cannot maintain consistency in every message they present, leading observers to experience a feeling of inconsistency. Building on computer-mediated interpersonal theories [i.e., attribution theory, warranting theory, and authenticity model of computer-mediated communication (CMC)], this study aims to explore how people interpret and reconcile perceived inconsistent expressions on social media. Through thematic analysis of data obtained from six focus groups, two main themes were extracted: the origin of perceived inconsistency on social media and the strategies for reconciling perceived inconsistency. Specifically, three forms of perceived inconsistent information were identified: those within the same account; those between public and private accounts; and those between online and offline settings. Additionally, three types of reconciliation strategies were distilled from participants’ narratives: relying on authentic representation; engaging in perspective-taking to compensate for situational factors; and inferring inner motives behind acting inconsistently. With these two themes, this study proposes a two-stage model of processing inconsistency (i.e., reasoning from inconsistency to consistency) in CMC. This model suggests that several factors–including perceived authenticity, social categorical cues, and relationship or familiarity between observers and a presenter–are involved in perceiving inconsistent information and determine the outcomes of interpersonal evaluations. These findings enhance our understanding of online interpersonal perceptions.

A stage model for agent-based emotional persuasion with an adaptive target: From a social exchange perspective

Agent-based automated negotiation is a promising approach for business negotiation; however, most studies in this field focus on negotiation strategies, ignoring the role of similarities between negotiating parties and the interactive social nature of negotiations. This study considers similarities between proposed and expected values in automatic negotiations to improve the agent perception ability. A cloud model was innovatively applied to calculate similarities, and overcome subjective characterization of proposed values in negotiations. Additionally, two social factors, i.e., emotion and familiarity, were identified in negotiations, the Web-Fechner law was applied to model an agent’s generation of emotion, and a familiarity function was constructed to measure the level of familiarity between negotiating agents. Finally, a stage model for agent-based emotional negotiation which integrates similarity, emotion, and familiarity was established. A series of numerical experiments were conducted and comparative analyses of the proposed model with other similarity measures and existing negotiation models were conducted to test the performance of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model can lead to more successful negotiations and fairer negotiating outcomes and simultaneously, maintain competitive negotiation efficiency.

Left-right asymmetry and attractor-like dynamics of dog’s tail wagging during dog-human interactions

SummaryTail wagging plays an important role in social interactions, e.g., dogs show asymmetrical tail wagging in response to different social stimuli. However, the effects of social cues on tail wagging and the intrinsic organization of wagging behavior remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a platform using a deep-learning-based motion-tracking technique to extract and analyze the movement trajectory of a dog’s tail tip during dog-human interactions. Individual dogs exhibited unique and stable wagging characteristics. We further found that tail wagging developed asymmetry toward the right side over three days of dog-human interactions, suggesting that it is a time-sensitive indicator of social familiarity. In addition, wagging appeared to follow an attractor-like dynamic process consisting of stable states and unstable, transitional states. Together, these results revealed sophisticated characteristics and organization of a dog’s tail-wagging behavior during interactions with humans, providing a useful paradigm for studying dogs’ social behaviors and the underlying neural mechanisms.

A systems integral approach in exploring creative innovation in culinary research: the example of seaweed in the context of the new nordic cuisine

Creativity and innovation in culinary research have gained steady academic interest over the last decade. The scholastic interest in creative innovation ranges from its artistic value to culinary creations, gastronomic experiences, and food science and technology. Creative innovation is important for food enterprises to succeed in a highly competitive market. In the context of the New Nordic Cuisine, entrepreneurs and chefs are constantly challenged to bring something new to the dining table. In this context, the processes of creative innovation remain under researched, particularly in the use of seaweed. As such, using the example of seaweed, a relatively new food in the New Nordic Cuisine, the objective of this corpus based study was to explore creative innovation from a systems integral approach, in order to uncover salient themes that contribute the processes of creative innovation in culinary research, and bringing new foods to market. For a corpus driven study, we built a small corpora of interviews with chefs, and food entrepreneurs. We enquired after what inspired and motivated them when faced with a challenge of bringing a relatively new food to market, or in creating new dishes with new available food technologies. The results suggested that food technology plays a critical role in creative innovation, and the resulting new dishes that can be presented to customers. They also suggested that seaweed in the New Nordic Cuisine is an emerging food concept, and that it is embedded in a social and cultural history and familiarity of the Nordic people.

Hippocampal-amygdala memory circuits govern experience-dependent observational fear.

The empathic ability to vicariously experience the other's fearful situation, a process called observational fear (OF), is critical to survive in nature and function in society. OF can be facilitated by both prior similar fear experience in the observer and social familiarity with the demonstrator. However, the neural circuit mechanisms of experience-dependent OF (Exp OF) remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that hippocampal-basolateral amygdala (HPC-BLA) circuits in mice without involving the anterior cingulate cortex, considered a center of OF, mediate Exp OF. Dorsal HPC neurons generate fear memory engram cells in BLA encoding prior similar fear experiences, which are essential for Exp OF. On the other hand, ventral HPC neurons respond to the familiar demonstrator's aversive situation during Exp OF, which reactivates the fear memory engram cells in BLA to elicit Exp OF. Our study provides new insights into the memory engram-dependent perception-action coupling that underlies empathic behaviors like Exp OF.

Humans Can't Resist Robot Eyes - Reflexive Cueing With Pseudo-Social Stimuli.

Joint attention is a key mechanism for humans to coordinate their social behavior. Whether and how this mechanism can benefit the interaction with pseudo-social partners such as robots is not well understood. To investigate the potential use of robot eyes as pseudo-social cues that ease attentional shifts we conducted an online study using a modified spatial cueing paradigm. The cue was either a non-social (arrow), a pseudo-social (two versions of an abstract robot eye), or a social stimulus (photographed human eyes) that was presented either paired (e.g. two eyes) or single (e.g. one eye). The latter was varied to separate two assumed triggers of joint attention: the social nature of the stimulus, and the additional spatial information that is conveyed only by paired stimuli. Results support the assumption that pseudo-social stimuli, in our case abstract robot eyes, have the potential to facilitate human-robot interaction as they trigger reflexive cueing. To our surprise, actual social cues did not evoke reflexive shifts in attention. We suspect that the robot eyes elicited the desired effects because they were human-like enough while at the same time being much easier to perceive than human eyes, due to a design with strong contrasts and clean lines. Moreover, results indicate that for reflexive cueing it does not seem to make a difference if the stimulus is presented single or paired. This might be a first indicator that joint attention depends rather on the stimulus' social nature or familiarity than its spatial expressiveness. Overall, the study suggests that using paired abstract robot eyes might be a good design practice for fostering a positive perception of a robot and to facilitate joint attention as a precursor for coordinated behavior.

Research on the Relationship between Students’ Learning Adaptability and Learning Satisfaction under the Mobile Media Environment

The effective realization of the balance between the supply and demand of students’ personalized learning and the shortage of offline classroom teaching resources is of great significance to large-scale online learning. Based on the relevant theories of learning adaptability, this paper analyzes the five dimensions of students’ learning adaptability to learning satisfaction in the mobile social media environment and studies the mediating effect of mobile social media familiarity on students’ learning adaptability and learning satisfaction. The results show that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the overall questionnaire is 0.930 and the KMO value is 0.873, indicating that the research data have good reliability and validity. Learning motivation, teaching model, learning ability, learning attitude, and learning environment have a significant positive effect on learning satisfaction. The average learning satisfaction of students not familiar with the use of mobile social media (3.70 ± 0.55) is significantly lower than that of students familiar with using mobile social media (4.00 ± 0.46). The research results of this paper provide data support and strategic reference for how to effectively use the fragmented content of mobile social media and provide high-quality online learning support services.

What Contributes to Public Stigma Towards Problem Gambling?: A Comparative Analysis of University Students in Australia, Canada, Croatia and Israel.

Stigma refers to the attribution of negative sentiments towards a particular entity, object or individual. Stigma can be public, perceived, or self-referential and can have negative consequences for individuals, including losses of self-esteem, self-efficacy, social isolation and a reluctance to seek help. Problem gambling is known to be a stigmatized activity, but less is known about what factors are associated with this perception and how it might vary in different countries. The current study examines the relationship between perceived stigma towards problem gamblers and gambling attitudes. perceptions of gambling regulations, gambling involvement, perceived accessibility to gambling, and exposure to people with gambling problems. The sample comprised 1787 university students aged 18-30years from four countries: Australia, Canada, Croatia and Israel. The results indicated that greater perceived stigma was associated with more negative gambling attitudes, less engagement with gambling, and lower perceived social accessibility (the perception that others approve of the activity). Respondents from Croatia, the country with a newer gambling market, reported the most stigma towards problem gamblers as compared with Australia and Canada where gambling is longer established. The findings appear consistent with exposure-adaptation theory, in which tolerance towards people with problem gambling can develop over time in line with greater social acceptance or familiarity with the activity and its consequences. It is suggested that community campaigns and educational programs draw a distinction between attitudes towards gambling in general and those who are negatively affected by the activity.

Exploration of the Non-Cognitive Ability Assessment: The Scientific Value of the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills

Compared with cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills cannot be accomplished through simple academic level tests. It is more through self- reported research and observation reports of others. These two methods are relatively easy to be proposed and tested, but they are easily affected by social expectations, response style and familiarity, resulting in deviations from the real results (Braun et al., 2001; He &amp; Van de Vijver, 2015). Therefore, non-cognitive ability assessment is more challenging.

Relatedness modulates density‐dependent cannibalism rates in Drosophila

Abstract Cannibalism is taxonomically widespread and can have large impacts on individual fitness and population‐level processes. As such, identifying how cannibalism rates vary in response to ecological cues is important for predicting species evolution and population dynamics. In this study, we aimed to identify several eco‐evolutionary factors that affect cannibalism rate and measure how they interacted with one another. To do this, we conducted two experiments using complimentary methods to measure how cannibalism rates varied among larval Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans in response to changes in conspecific relatedness, social familiarity and density. We found that larvae were more likely to cannibalise non‐related larval victims in both species, and that this effect increased at high densities in D. simulans. We found no evidence that Drosophila larvae use social familiarity to assess relatedness. Finally, in D. melanogaster, cannibalistic larvae prefer to cannibalise larvae that are being attacked by a greater number of conspecifics, implying that cues linked to conspecific abundance encourage cooperative cannibalism. By showing that cannibalism frequency in Drosophila spp. is sensitive to relatedness and several other factors, we reveal the complex relationship between cannibalism frequency and species ecology. Also, by showing that the effect of relatedness on cannibalism frequency is density dependent, we advance the current understanding of how ecological variables interact to affect kin selection. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

The Early Start Denver Model Intervention and Mu Rhythm Attenuation in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

We examined the relationship between the Early start Denver model (ESDM) intervention and mu rhythm attenuation, an EEG paradigm reflecting neural processes associated with action perception and social information processing. Children were assigned to either receive comprehensive ESDM intervention for two years, or were encouraged to pursue resources in the community. Two years after intervention, EEG was collected during the execution and observation of grasping actions performed by familiar and unfamiliar agents. The ESDM group showed significantly greater attenuation when viewing a parent or caregiver executing a grasping action, compared with an unfamiliar individual executing the same action. Our findings suggest that the ESDM may have a unique impact on neural circuitry underlying social cognition and familiarity.

Social familiarity improves fast-start escape performance in schooling fish

Using social groups (i.e. schools) of the tropical damselfish Chromis viridis, we test how familiarity through repeated social interactions influences fast-start responses, the primary defensive behaviour in a range of taxa, including fish, sharks, and larval amphibians. We focus on reactivity through response latency and kinematic performance (i.e. agility and propulsion) following a simulated predator attack, while distinguishing between first and subsequent responders (direct response to stimulation versus response triggered by integrated direct and social stimulation, respectively). In familiar schools, first and subsequent responders exhibit shorter latency than unfamiliar individuals, demonstrating that familiarity increases reactivity to direct and, potentially, social stimulation. Further, familiarity modulates kinematic performance in subsequent responders, demonstrated by increased agility and propulsion. These findings demonstrate that the benefits of social recognition and memory may enhance individual fitness through greater survival of predator attacks.

Speech Acts across Cultures: A Comparative Study of Chinese and Pakistani Students’ Request and Politeness Strategies

The examines are the different request strategies in English used by Pakistani and Chinese students according to social distance and power of interlocutors. Data comprises students from Pakistan and China enrolled in an undergraduate program at International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper's (1989) taxonomy of request strategies is taken as a theoretical framework to compare the request speech act patterns of Pakistani and Chinese students. This study analyzed the request speech act in terms of head act strategies used by participants. Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) categorized the request speech act into three request strategies i.e. direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventional indirect strategies. The study identifies similarities between Pakistani ESL learners and Chinese EFL learners in making use of mood derivable as the preferred strategies for making requests in situations of different social distance, power, and familiarity between the interlocutors.

Social isolation impairs the prefrontal-nucleus accumbens circuit subserving social recognition in mice.

Although medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is known to play important roles in social behaviors, how early social experiences affect the mPFC and its subcortical circuit remains unclear. We report that mice singly housed (SH) for 8weeks after weaning show a social recognition deficit, even after 4weeks of resocialization. In SH mice, prefrontal infralimbic (IL) neurons projecting to the shell region of nucleus accumbens (NAcSh) show decreased excitability compared with group-housed (GH) mice. NAcSh-projecting IL neurons are activated when GH mice encounter a familiar conspecific, which is not observed in SH mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of NAcSh-projecting IL neurons in normal mice impairs social recognition without affecting social preference, whereas activation of these neurons reverses social recognition deficit in SH mice. Our findings demonstrate that early social experience critically affects mPFC IL-NAcSh projection, the activation of which is required for social recognition by encoding information for social familiarity.