Social Exclusion Of Children Research Articles

Education and Social Exclusion of Children with Chronic Diseases: The School Reintegration

Education and Social Exclusion of Children with Chronic Diseases: The School Reintegration

Multidimensional measurement of child social exclusion: Development and psychometric properties of the social exclusion scale for children (SESC)

The present study aimed to develop and validate the Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC) to advance the measurements of social exclusion in children and adolescents. A sample of children and adolescents aged 8–17 years was recruited through a multi-stage cluster random sampling in Kunming, China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produced a four-factor solution comprising Economic Hardship, Access to Social Rights, Social Participation, and Relational Exclusion. This four-factor structure was further validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a satisfactory model fit and factor loadings. The reliability and convergent validity of SESC were supported by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients. The gender, household registration, and migration-related invariance of the SESC were supported at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Overall, this study indicated that the SESC is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the multidimensional social exclusion of children and adolescents.

The roles of group membership and social exclusion in children’s testimonial learning

Here, we used high- and low-stakes testimonial learning tasks to better understand two important types of social influence on children’s learning decisions: group membership and social ostracism. Children (4- and 5-year-olds; N = 100) were either included or excluded by in-group or outgroup members in an online ball tossing game. Then, children were asked to selectively learn new information from either an in-group or out-group member. They also received counterintuitive information from an in-group or out-group member that was in conflict with their own intuitions. When learning new information, children who were excluded were more likely to selectively trust information from their in-group member. In contrast, when accepting counterintuitive information, children relied only on group membership regardless of their exclusion status. Together, these findings demonstrate ways in which different forms of testimonial learning are guided not only by epistemic motivations but also by social motivations of affiliation and maintaining relationships with others.

Community work practices against children poverty in Southern Italy. Exploring experiences and perspectives in local welfare

PurposeThis paper has a dual purpose: on one side, it analyzes what types of solidarity and social relations are implemented as social support resources applied to actions aiming at the empowerment of children living in poverty. On the other, it investigates on the role of the community in the governance of local welfare practices and its ability to produce social innovations for municipal policies in favor of children and adolescents.Design/methodology/approachProximity, flexibility, generativity and territoriality are just some of the features that – in the framework of the scientific debate – characterize the social work in areas of social disadvantage. In the framework of the debate, this paper presents a qualitative research on the social ties and educational practices promoted and implemented by nonprofit organizations that attempt to counteract educational poverty and social exclusion of children and adolescents in the eastern peripheral neighborhoods of Naples, one of the poorest cities in the South of Italy.FindingsThe results of the analysis reveal a capacitating and generative role of the actions applied to social and educational practices for children and adolescents and their families in poor neighborhoods and peripheral areas; a role that is, however, also useful for community social policies targeting children and adolescents. Among local welfare policies enhancing community resources, such practices have indeed become an active resource of subsidiarity; they also ensure wider rights and empowerment for children and adolescents who live in poor communities and for their families as well.Originality/valueMore recent studies focusing on the role of social ties in deprived context and impoverishment processes, demonstrated that nonprofit organizations operate as crucial actors fostering inclusion and social cohesion, by means of “elective participation”; this guarantees access to protection and recognition resources that are an integral part of the social support these organizations provide in their areas of intervention. Despite the wide debate on the key role of the Third Sector in territorial welfare policies, further empirical studies on the role of these organizations in poor neighborhoods of the cities of the south of Italy are necessary. The value of this article is an attempt to provide to bridge this gap.

SOCIJALNA ISKLJUČENOST DJECE RANE I PREDŠKOLSKE DOBI: KONCEPTUALIZACIJA, RIZICI I MODEL INTERVENCIJA

SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: CONCEPTUALIZATION, RISKS AND INTERVENTION MODEL This paper contains an analysis of the construct of social exclusion with special focus on children. It is based on a review of the literature on social exclusion and the risks of social exclusion, using a qualitative method of document analysis. Social exclusion of children in early and preschool age is defined as a multidimensional construct that includes economic, social, cultural, health and other aspects of unfavourable circumstances and deprivation which individually or in combination may have an adverse impact on child development. According to this definition, risks which can influence the children’s current development, health and quality of life, as well as their adult life, are analysed. The analysed risks include the characteristics of the children themselves, as well as their families and the characteristics of the support system for the child and parents. Based on the analysis of the risks of social exclusion of children of early and preschool age, a model of intervention was suggested, which takes into account a close cooperation of the healthcare system and the system of social care and education. Key words: social exclusion; children in early and preschool age; risks; model of interventions

The association between improved standard of living and paediatric burns

IntroductionIn the “Children’s Hospital Zagreb Referral Centre for Paediatric Trauma of the Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia (MHC)” we observed a significant decline in the number of both hospitalised and ambulatory treated paediatric patients with burn injuries in the period from 2011 to 2018. Our hypothesis is that this decline could be either due to the decline of the paediatric population of Croatia or due to the economic growth and the improvement in the standard of living that Croatians have enjoyed in the past decade. Materials and methodsIn this observational study, we analysed data on the numbers of patients treated due to burn injuries from January 2011 to December 2018 in the Children’s Hospital Zagreb Hospital. Indicators of standard of living and population size estimates were obtained from Eurostat and the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Associations between the proportion of people with poor standard of living and the number of treated patients were analysed with logistic regression models. ResultsPercentage of the population with low housing standards, percentage of Croatians with low level of education, percentage of children that live in jobless households, and percentage of children at risk of poverty and social exclusion were predictors of the rate of hospital admissions, ambulatory treated patients and total number of treatments. The slight decrease in the rate of treated patients was interrupted with notable decline in 2014 followed by the slight increase in 2015. Over following years, the rate did not change remarkably. ConclusionApart from the decline of the paediatric population of Croatia, it is reasonable to assume that the improvement in the standard of housing, level of education and employment rate as well as the reduction in the risk of poverty and social exclusion in children had a notable contribution to the decline in the rate of paediatric burns in the observed period.

Education and Social Exclusion of Children With Chronic Diseases: The Case of Schooling Within Greek Hospitals

This research attempts to identify effective teaching strategies, as well as any barriers encountered in the education of children with chronic diseases. In addition, it attempts to probe the conditions under which the children are being taught after hospitalization. The research data was collected after a series of interviews with parents whose children had been hospitalized for a long time with a serious illness and teachers who had worked in hospital schools or had received a child after hospitalization. The findings of the study show that hospital education has gaps in curriculum content and that significant government attention is needed on program and material infrastructure issues. It also emphasizes the inadequate training of teachers about chronic diseases as well as the approach of children who are reintegrated into school life after a long absence.

Examining Trends in the Child Social Exclusion Index in Australia from 2011 to 2016: Have Geographical Patterns of Disadvantage Persisted Over Time?

Child social exclusion (CSE) is a complex and multi-dimensional measure of social and material disadvantage in which children lack the opportunities and resources to participate fully in their communities and feel connected. The aim of this article is to provide an update of the risk of child social exclusion at small area level in Australia in 2016 and compare the trends and patterns to 2011. We found that many children are experiencing disadvantage on multiple fronts and are unable to participate fully in their community. Australia’s capital cities paint a contrasting picture having clear clusters of neighbourhoods at risk of high but also low levels of child social exclusion. Areas outside capital cities have much lower proportions of children experiencing the lowest levels of social exclusion. We found that from 2011 to 2016, the geographical patterns of the least and most excluded areas remain largely unchanged over time, with 73 per cent of the small areas in Australia remaining in the same quintile in 2011 and 2016. Of the local communities having the highest risk of child social exclusion in 2011, 87% were still in the most excluded quintile in 2016. Between 2011 and 2016, 279 small areas (14%) improved their CSE quintile, but 268 local communities shifted into a more socially excluded quintile. The key drivers of improvement in child social exclusion were ‘above-average’ improvement in the socio-economic well-being of families in these areas and in their educational attainment, and reduced exposure to increases in housing stress.

Cash transfer and professional care for tackling child poverty and neglect in Italy

AbstractThere has been a general increase in poverty over the last decade in Italy, which has mainly affected the younger generations, with children and youth experiencing the worst economic conditions. This is primarily not due to a lack of available economic resources but to the way in which these resources are allocated: mainly in the form of cash transfers rather than services. The provision of adequate services based on professional work needs to be implemented by overcoming two main obstacles which are highlighted by the results of two studies presented here. The first study concerns the quality of professional care and the systematic use of outcome evaluation, the second concerns the vision of professionals and their ability to integrate the provision of services with economic support aimed at improving children’s growth and parenting skills. The two studies were carried out as part of an international debate on how to effectively fight poverty and social exclusion of children which was promoted by the International Association for Outcome-based Evaluation and Research on Family and Children’s Services (iaOBERfcs).

Nexuses between Malnutrition, Social Exclusion of Children and Human Capital: A Qualitative Study

The present study describes the parents’ attitude towards malnutrition, social exclusion of children, and human capital in three districts of South Punjab, Pakistan. The qualitative research approach is applied with three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with parents of children. The interview guide was used to collect data and thematic analysis approach was done. It was concluded that malnutrition made the children socially excluded by damaging their health, academic achievements, and losing their interests in games. It was also concluded that no education and skills of malnourished children become socially excluded from their workplaces. Finally, it was concluded that this situation of malnutrition leads them toward social exclusion. Therefore, this social capital of the future in the shape of social exclusion of children increases the economic burden of family and ultimately nation. To overcome this issue, steps should be taken by the government and community level.

Learning to cope with everyday instances of social exclusion: A review of emotional and cognitive strategies for children and adolescents

AbstractOver 20 years of research has shown that social exclusion is a pervasive and powerful form of social threat. Social exclusion causes a wide variety of negative outcomes including negative emotions and threats to fundamental human needs (i.e., self‐esteem). Most importantly, experiencing exclusion during childhood or adolescence can provoke long‐term negative effects such as depression and anxiety disorders. Despite the growing interest in this domain, only recent studies have started to examine possible coping strategies to contrast the negative effects of exclusion. In this article, we first review the empirical findings concerning the consequences of social exclusion in children and adolescent populations. Second, we focus on cognitive and socio‐emotional strategies that children and adolescents can use to deal with exclusion when it has occurred. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Тhe Need of Professional Social Work in Overcoming Social Problems and Social Exclusion of Children in the Process of Education

School going children face numerous social problems such as peer violence, a social behavior, educational neglect, dropout from regular education, committed crimes, and social exclusion. Inevitably, these problems can have devastating effects on adequate social functioning and personal development of children and can hinder their future potentials and wellbeing. Findings presented in this article are generated from two separate researches related to social exclusion and social problems encountered by children in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of North Macedonia. In general, prevalent problems of children are related to bulling, addictions, and conflicts with caregivers and social surrounding, whereas, social exclusion is more prevalent among Roma children. Problems of such nature require appropriate professional assistance and support. The school teams for professional support of children are mainly composed of psychologist and pedagogues. Nonetheless, the above mentioned problems require involvement of other team members such as social workers and special educators. Equipping professional school teams with adequate staff is enabled by the Law on primary education, whereas the Law on secondary education requires additional amendments in order to ensure possibilities for employment of social worker in the secondary schools. Their main role is to provide professional assistance and support to children and their parents on how to utilize the available community services for mitigating prevailing socioeconomic difficulties and for improvement of learning capacities and results of children coping with different problems.

Od przedmiotu do podmiotu. Status dziecka w rodzinie i społeczeństwie

The status of children in family and society is low since the year dot. This state of things is caused especially by adultcentrism, which means the view on youngsters from adult perspective, including the belief that adulthood is normality and standard, whereas childhood is state of incompleteness and imperfection. The article discusses the roots of adultcentric notions, instrumental treatment and social exclusion of children. The author examines the changes in social status of children and the influenceof consumerism and information revolution on contemporary role of children in family and society. She also considers why the objectification of children is so difficult to end.

Social Exclusion and Parental Incarceration Impacts on Adolescents' Networks and School Engagement.

Although prior research links parental incarceration to deleterious outcomes for children over the life-course, few studies have examined whether such incarceration affects the social exclusion of children during adolescence. Drawing on several lines of scholarship, we examine whether adolescents with incarcerated parents have fewer or lower quality relationships, participate in more antisocial peer networks, and feel less integrated or engaged in school. The study applies propensity score matching to survey and network data from a national sample of youth. Analyses indicated that children with incarcerated parents have more antisocial peers; we found limited evidence, though, that parental incarceration adversely impacts peer networks and school integration domains. Generally, the results suggested that the impacts of parental incarceration on adolescents' social lives have less to do with isolation than with the types of peers adolescents befriend. Findings provide support for the idea that parental incarceration may adversely affect children's social exclusion.

Quality of care of children with symptomatic epilepsy with lissencephaly

Objective: Study and compare the clinical and electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings in children with symptomatic epilepsy with lissencephaly, assess the effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy and quality of life of sick children. Methods: The study involved 22 children. Submitted neurological examination, brain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), EEG (electroencephalography). Results: Neuroimaging in the survey equally revealed pachygyria (50%) and agyria (50%). The 9.09% noted a combination of these anomalies. The debut of epileptic seizures significantly more often observed in the age of six months (50%) (p=0.0304). The predominance of epileptic spasms in the debut of epilepsy (50%). Were reported more often by focal seizures with secondary generalization and without secondary generalization (63,64%). Neuroimaging, EEG correlation was observed in 45.45% of children. In the treatment of seizures in patients with lissencephaly often used valproate (90.9%). Less – topiramate (27.27%), vigabatrin (22.73%), hormones, levetiracetam, carboxamide derivatives (18.18%), benzodiazepines (13.64%), phenobarbital (13.64%), benzonal (4 , 55%). Two patients did not receive treatment in the absence seizures (9.09%). In the analysis of results of treatment of children with lissencephaly revealed the following characteristics: remission of seizures was observed in two (9,09%) children, slowing attacks – ten (45.45%), lack of effect of the therapy – eight (36,36%), including transformation convulsing from six (to 27.27%). Positive dynamics of the EEG was recorded in two (9.09%) patients. Deterioration or lack of positive EEG changes – at eighteen (81.81%). The examined children drug resistance was noted in 36,36%, and the absence of positive EEG changes in 81,81% of cases. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that one of the common causes of severe forms of epilepsy in children are malformations of brain development, particularly lissencephaly, so their early visualization, verification and adequate antiepileptic therapy correlated with the prevention of pharmacoresistant symptomatic epilepsy and social exclusion of children.

The implications of social exclusion and low material resources on children's satisfaction with life domains: A study of 12 year-olds in 13 countries

This cross-national study tests how children who live under conditions of low material resources and social exclusion fare in their views of three life domains: Home and family, Friends and relationships and Self. Addressing the limitations of income measure, especially for children, the study uses two recently developed child-centered measures for child socioeconomic disadvantage (Gross-Manos, in press), in a sample of 12years-olds (N=15,836) from 13 diverse countries. Performing series of logistic regressions the study analyzed the odds of children identified by these measures as disadvantaged presenting lower satisfaction across the three life domains. The findings show that children who live with these extreme disadvantages, especially both, have much lower odds of being satisfied with these life domains, especially in the Self domain. Children who were identified as socially excluded showed lower odds of being satisfied in all three life domains, and in almost all of the countries, compared to those who live under low material resources, pointing to the importance of measuring children's social exclusion in a separate way. The findings are discussed, analyzing cross-national patterns that emerge, and some implications for social policy.

Falling Off the Edge: the View of Social Exclusion in Children Due to under Age Employment and Low Family Income

Focus of this research paper is to assess social exclusion in children due to underage employment in Peshawar-Pakistan. Social exclusion in children was found significantly and positively associated with undertaking paid work, leave entitlement in the job, low monetary returns, long work duration and harsh treatment from employer. Moreover, social exclusion was pronounced in children from families with health problems, insufficient amount for food, education, utility bills, new cloths and honorable social life. Likelihood of social exclusion in children increases with their involvement in paid job, feminine gender, belonging to religious minorities and are from single parent family, however, likelihood of social exclusion decreases when a child stops feeling himself as poor. Protecting children against underage employment, provision of economic security at family level and forceful and broader application of child labor law in both public and private sectors of economy by the government with a comprehensive follow up strategy were suggested policy recommendations.

아동의 사회적 배제의 영향요인

아동의 사회적 배제의 영향요인

Child poverty and its impacts on social exclusion in Taiwan

ABSTRACTThis study employs indicators of child poverty and social exclusion to examine the relationships between the risk of children falling into poverty and their chances of being socially excluded in Taiwan. This study defines ‘children in poverty’ as those in a household deprived of 60% of an equivalent median income. The dimensions of child social exclusion include necessities, health, leisure activities, local services, neighbourhood problems, and care. This study analyses the data of the ‘2012 Child Welfare and Needs Survey of Taichung City’, with a sample of 604 children randomly selected from the population under 18 years of age in Taichung City. It is found that 27% of the children are in income poverty; female, disabled, children in single-parent or grandparent-headed families, and children of rural areas have higher poverty rates. As for poor–non-poor children comparisons, children in poverty are significantly more likely to be deprived of common necessities, access to Internet, leisure activities, a variety of local services, a safe neighbourhood, and care for children. These findings suggest that material deprivation (poverty) has multiple impacts on facets of the child’s social life and his or her living standards. To promote children’s participation in society, raising them out of poverty is the most important task.

The social exclusion of children left behind in China

This paper examines the social exclusion of rural Chinese children who are separated from their migrant parents, and outlines social care measures to address this issue. Based on a qualitative inquiry with 23 Chinese kin caregivers and five school personnel, we identify the psychosocial and relational impacts on children left behind in family, school and community contexts. The research sheds light on concerns for children’s social and emotional well-being and educational outcomes. We argue that this large-scale social phenomenon presents implications for social harmony and inclusion, and call for social work interventions to support families and communities to better meet children’s needs.