Abstract
The present study aimed to develop and validate the Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC) to advance the measurements of social exclusion in children and adolescents. A sample of children and adolescents aged 8–17 years was recruited through a multi-stage cluster random sampling in Kunming, China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produced a four-factor solution comprising Economic Hardship, Access to Social Rights, Social Participation, and Relational Exclusion. This four-factor structure was further validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a satisfactory model fit and factor loadings. The reliability and convergent validity of SESC were supported by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients. The gender, household registration, and migration-related invariance of the SESC were supported at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Overall, this study indicated that the SESC is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the multidimensional social exclusion of children and adolescents.
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