Social Economic System Research Articles

Benefit Corporations in the U.S.

The benefit corporation (BC) is a for-profit corporation required to create a positive impact on workers, communities, society, and environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore how BCs reconcile dominant and alternative frames of profit. This study presented here explores three BCs in the U.S. through a dual-method approach based on observations and interviews. The study reveals how BC members understand and express the idea of profit. Furthermore, it shows the formation of an alternative frame of profit and elucidates three processes whereby the dominant and alternative ideas are reconciled. It highlights both interpretive capabilities and limitations of social actors within the dominant discourse of the contemporary social-economic system.

Wpływ władzy totalitarnej na sposoby regulacji polskiego prawa gospodarczego

In the current legal order there are two ways of regulating economic law. According to the dualist concept, economic relations are treated as separate from civil law relations, while, according to the principle of the unity of civil law, the aspects of economic turnover are a specialized part of civil law. In Poland, the dualist concept was replaced under communist authoritarian rule by the principle of the unity of civil law in order to emphasize the low usefulness and lack of practical relevance of economic turnover, which was replaced almost entirely by socialized turnover conducted by economic units with state status. Despite the departure from totalitarian rule and in the current system of social market economy, the principle of the unity of civil law has persisted. The paper shows that the principle of the unity of civil law, although instrumentally treated by authoritarian governments, has a number of advantages that allow it to function successfully in the conditions of freedom of entrepreneurship in the European Union and in the face of political changes that took place in Poland at the turn of the twenty-first century.

THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PHENOMENON

This paper presents the complexity of the contemporary social economy system – its definitions, points of reference, role played in socio-economic development. Furthermore the paper presents a review of selected approaches to social economy, including definitional approaches, e.g. those specific to Anglo-Saxon and continental traditions. It discusses the context in which it emerged and developed as a phenomenon in the public policy and economic areas. It analyses the dynamics of social economy development in Poland, including institutional environment and selected mechanisms of public management. It stresses that top-down initiatives – including those of the central government and the EU institutions – are a key element in making the social economy dynamic in developing the forms of activity (in view of the weakness of endogenous factors). The central and local governments place social economy at the heart of their strategies in many public policies.

Arts choreographical arts as means of integration of student to European space

The article considers the issue of the integration of student youth into the European space. The purpose of the article. The choreographic art is actualized at the present stage of cultural creation. Assimilation of art and its integration into the European space is an important guarantee of the development and interaction of human civilization. The research methodology is based on the synthesis of general scientific methods and cultural-historical approaches. Therefore, the study, assimilation, protection from distortion, multiplication, and transmission to the next generation, therefore, the integration of the main achievements of art is an honorable and responsible matter. Interacting with modern requirements and needs of society, the art of dance affects social relations, economic system, political, ethnic, and national relations. Art makes adjustments to the spiritual composition of society, serves as a prerequisite for the stabilization of all aspects of social life, and thus provides the appropriate balance of historical and cultural formation. The scientific novelty of the research is in an attempt to trace the actualization of choreographic art at the present stage of cultural formation is substantiated. Choreographic art is analyzed as a means of integration into Eurospace. The growing interest of young people in the art of dance gives rise to a natural desire to maximize the reserves of plastic body language, demonstrating the interest of their own artistic worldview and acquired competencies in the educational space. Conclusions. Interacting with the contemporary demands and needs of society, the art of dance influences social relations, economic order, political, ethnic, and national relations. It is emphasized that choreographic art is a socially significant value and is a feeling-filled aesthetic reproduction of knowledge, skills, and competencies. Key words: choreography, art, integration, student youth, Eurospace.

코로나19 팬데믹에 따른 사회적 불안이 범죄 두려움 인식의 다양성에 미치는 영향

The fear of crime in late modernity is related to how they made sense of their environment and to their interpretation of wider social changes. Much of recent study on the fear of crime have pointed how social anxieties relate to wider shifts in social formations and economic systems. Scholars have argued that a time of rapid social change, of decreasing certainty, of increasing diversity and liberalization, and of decreasing deference to authority, crimes were entangled with broader issues of nation­states control and economic inequality. When we approach the fear of crime along such lines, we can observe the social meaning of COVID­19 in a different way. This study adopted a person­centered approach using latent profile analysis with South Korea survey data during COVID­19 pandemic. The results are as follows: First, the public was separated by three groups as an "anxious group" with high fear before and after COVID­19, an "alert group" with a tendency to increase fear due to COVID­19, and a "cautious group" with a moderate tendency between the two groups. Second, while the anxiety group has the complex worry amalgamating all kinds of fear of crime since COVID­19, the alert group has the interconnected concern combining a personal fear with vicarious fear after COVID­19. Third, after COVID­19 the determinants of group separation from fear of crime were gender, age, household income, number of family, type of residence, experience of victimization. In conclusion, public perception of fear of crime after COVID­19 seems to be differentiated into the anxiety group whose are afraid of victimization including women, the alert group whose are consisted with many young men, and the moderate cautious group. The emergence of the alert group who have begun to worry about fear of crime after COVID­19 shows that COVID­19 can reveal social anxiety in late modernity through fear of crime.

Eco-Economic Environment Coupling Based on Urban RSEI Theory

Introduction. Ecological environment is the foundation of social and economic development, and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment is one of the hotspots in urban sustainable development research. Traditional ecological economic measurement methods usually have problems such as difficulty in data acquisition and difficulty in pasteurization. In recent years, with the rise of global remote sensing technology, remote sensing has also been used to observe human social and economic activities. Remote sensing data have been created for the limitations of traditional statistical data with the advantages of being independent in the field of ecological and economic measurement. Methodology. This paper uses luminous remote sensing technique to obtain the visible-near-infrared electromagnetic wave information emitted from the surface at night under cloudless conditions and MODIS data combined with urban RSEI theory to quantitatively invert the ecological environment quality of the study area in 2019 based on a remote sensing perspective, taking a certain urban agglomeration in China as the research area. And it is continuous in time and space. Therefore, the coordination degree of remote sensing data should be fully explored in quantitative research. For proper analysis, regression was used. Research Content and Results. 2019 MODIS data were used to retrieve the six vegetation-related ecological environment factors in the study area and combine the urban RSEI theory to construct the remote sensing ecological comprehensive index of the study area, and the vegetation ecological environment quality and spatial agglomeration characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that vegetation coverage, leaf area index, total primary productivity, and surface moisture make positive contributions to the ecosystem of the study area. Based on the theoretical basis of coupling coordination theory, ecological economic theory, and sustainable development, we measured the degree of coordinated development between the social economic system and the ecological environment system in the study area from 2018 to the future period and combined the research results with the study area. The actual situation explores the practice path of benign coupling of the ecological economy. Conclusion. This paper is completely based on the research ideas of remote sensing data to measure the socioeconomic level and ecological environment quality and proves that remote sensing data and urban RESI theory are efficient and reliable new tools for the coordinated development of ecological economics. The research results can provide a development plan for urban agglomeration.

THE SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIAL ECONOMY IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

The 20-ties of the 21st century are dented by the COVID-19 period. The fall of the world economy, the frustrations of the inhabitants because of their health, and unclear state policies throughout continents require functional measures. The application of the principles of social economy enables creation of the working system of sustainable entrepreneurial activities with the help of state means, transforming small and middle-sized enterprises into a social economy. The knowledge on the system and organization structure of the social economy in the Slovak Republic enables dissemination and potential application in the international context in the current pandemic period characterized by COVID-19. The system of social economy is being defined by Slovak legal regulations and selected statistic indicators about the social economy subjects in the Slovak Republic. A part of it is also a structural classification of the organizational structure of the state administration of the social economy, classification of the kinds of social enterprises, as well as classification of the wider area of the social economy from the multiple points of view in the Slovak Republic. The research results can be used as an argument for implementing of social economy in national economies.

LEGAL REGULATION OF SUPPORT TOOLS IN SOCIAL ECONOMY AND ITS INNOVATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF COVID-19 IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

The 20ties of the 21st century are characterized by the pandemic period of COVID-19. The fall of national economies, the fears of inhabitants regarding their health, and the unfavorable economic situation of big groups of inhabitants require functional measures. Implementing social economy principles in national economies is a tool to improve the economic situation of the marginalized groups of inhabitants without using social networks. The knowledge on the social economy system and legal regulation of support tools in social economy in Slovak Republic enable the dissemination of this knowledge and potentially implement in the current pandemic COVID-19 period even in the international environment. The legal regulation of the social economy offers more support tools to solve current economic problems during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Here we present a structured overview and generalization of the knowledge of legal regulations on the social economy as well as a detailed description of the content of the support tools of the social economy during the COVID-19 period.

Theories of information societies in the context of network identity

In the modern social philosophy the problem of determining the ontology of the social reality that followed the industrial society is topical as never before. Topicality and variability of the problem resulted in creating an abundance of theoretical concept of society, which often oppose. The article uses the notions of «information», «modern», «network» societies as equal, since having different methodological and research base, these categories come from the analysis of one and the same social phenomenon: formation and development of the new type society that is different from the industrial and post-industrial societies. Such a society features the increasing role of information, knowledge and information technologies, increase in the number of people engaged in information technologies, communications and manufacture of information products and services, creation of global information space ensuring the effective informational interaction between individuals via the access to global information resources, informational products and services, which in its turn brings up the problem of personality adaptation to the altered social and cultural environments. The article discusses the theories of M. McLuhan, A. Toffler and M. Castells as theorists of post-industrial society, who consider the communication technology as a decisive factor of the process of forming this or that social economic system. The authors analyze problems of network communities existence, their influence on a human and his identity in the context of these theories.

Development of carbon emission interactive network model: A case study of Northeast Industrial District

Urban carbon emission is one of the hotspots of global change research. The interactive relationships among the carbon emissions of various sectors within the social-economic system are often overlooked. The goal of this research is to take Northeast Industrial District (NID) including Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces as a special case study to explore the impact of different emission sources on the internal interaction of carbon emission system. To do so, a carbon emission interactive network (CEIN) model is developed to demonstrate the interactions of embodied carbon emissions within the system using factorial analysis and input output analysis. The control situation and mutual interactions between sectors within the system of NID were examined, and the impacts of different emission sources on the internal interaction of carbon emission system were discussed. Moreover, the utility indicators were revised to distinguish the impact of system boundaries on changes in system ecological relationships and evaluate the comprehensive properties of the system. It is found that the indirect emissions of NID were huge. Liaoning Province had the largest total emissions during the study period, with indirect emissions accounting for more than 60% of the total emissions. The pulling weights of the agricultural sector in three provinces of the system were significantly insufficient, with all weights less than 3%. The driving weights of the agricultural, mining and primary manufacture sectors in three provinces were insufficient, while the driving weight of the advanced manufacture sector was excessively strong. The most important transmission department did not have the most important effect on the network mutualism. The definition of system boundary had a huge impact on the accounting of system emissions. The results will provide a scientific basis for guiding the reform of the carbon emission system and achieving regional coordinated development.

Small entrepreneurship: The role in the social-economic system

Optimizing the structure of the economy and ensuring the stable employment are the most important components in the policy of developing a flexible and competitive economy. The economic development strategies of the EAEU countries emphasize the need to increase the share of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in GDP and the share of the employed in this sector. However, the planned development parameters have never been achieved, which is determined not only by a long period of economic instability and insufficient government support for SMEs, but also by the social perception of entrepreneurship. The article considers the role of entrepreneurship, primarily small business, in the social-economic system. Based on the generalization of the entrepreneurship interpretations, the authors show that it has both economic and social significance, especially in the countries with developing markets. Small business performs numerous functions and has such features as mass character, innovations, riskiness and responsibility; it is an institution of social development, and a factor of economic growth and political stability. The analysis of the activities of small business in the EAEU countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia) in 2015-2019 shows their significant lag behind the developed countries. However, in recent years, the social role of SMEs has increased for they take into account the needs of local consumers and the possibilities of local markets, which is due both to the number of employees and their qualifications, and to the introduction of science-intensive technologies. The sociological data prove a change in the social perception of entrepreneurship: it is recognized as a successful career option and social status, but also as facing challenges that hinder its development. The article is based on the statistical data of the EAEU countries and the Eurasian Economic Commission, analytical materials of rating agencies and research centers.

Legitimisation of Social Economy Entities: Theoretical Framework for Analysis in Polish Conditions

Abstract Background In the literature one can find studies on the legitimacy of the political system or institutions (organs) of power. There are no studies on legitimacy from the point of view of social economy entities. Social perception is a factor that influences the success of social economy entities. Research aims The author set out to adapt the conceptual (semantic) apparatus to the analysis of legitimacy in relation to institutions operating in the social economy sector. Methodology The article has a theoretical character and presents the importance of the concept of legitimacy in the environment of social entrepreneurship (conceptual paper). The thesis the author will try to prove is that legitimisation of social economy entities is an essential element of the functioning of the social sector. The analysis was made on the basis of Polish conditions. Findings The analysis of planes and factors shaping the legitimacy of social economy entities seems interesting. Summarising the results of the research, it can be seen that the category of legitimacy, combined with the acceptance and legal validation of the activities of individual entities, as well as the entire social economy system, can be useful.

PENERAPAN RASIONALITAS EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PERILAKU ISRAF DI TENGAH PANDEMI

Human beings as social beings in an effort to meet the needs of their lives are always doing economic activities. To regulate these economic activities, there are several economic systems that can be applied, some that adhere to the capitalist economic system, some that adhere to the social economic system. But as Muslims should impose an economic system can put the interests of the people above personal interests so as to create rationality in conducting economic activities. As a human being who has lust tends to have excessive consumption behavior (israf), but man also has a sense that is able to control consumptive nature so that in fulfilling the needs of his life man always control himself to be free from israf behavior. In the making of this journal the author uses qualitative research methods with literature research. Keywords: Rationality, Islamic Economy, Israf

Modelling the coupling evolution of the water environment and social economic system using PSO-SVM in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Being a crucial focal point of China's regional development, green development is a novel concept for the coordinated development of the environment and social economy. Therefore, elucidation of the relationship between the aforementioned factors is scientifically necessary to achieve regional green sustainability. Based on the theory of the gray water footprint and physical and statistical models, this study aims to analyze, evaluate, and predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling evolution between the water environment and social economy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to provide a scientific reference for exploring basic laws of coordinated development, identifying influencing factors, and formulating management strategies. The results showed that: (1) from 2003 to 2017, the carrying capacity coefficients of the gray water footprint (i.e., the KCOD, KNH3-N, and KTP, except for KTN) decreased over time, as shown by a decreasing trend in the degree of the coupling coordination, which was observed from the east to the west; (2) the coupling coordination degree showed a decreasing trend from the east to the west at the spatial level and an increasing trend from 2003 to 2017 at the temporal level; and (3) the optimal scenario was green development (Plan IV) and the overall coordination degree improved. In addition, corresponding policy recommendations were proposed. The research results are scientifically significant and present a theoretical reference for the coordinated and sustainable development of the regional ecological environment and social economy.

The Process and Logic of China’s Socialist Market Economy from Mechanism to System

ABSTRACT Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, state leaders including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping have all made important statements on the fundamental economic system of socialism. Reviewing and analyzing the history of the formulations in important Chinese documents on the fundamental economic system, this paper highlights China’s exploration of theoretical innovation as promoted by innovation in practice. The paper contends that in dealing with the relationships between planning and market and between government and market, and while defending the fundamental role played by the market in resource allocation, we should consistently stress the superiority of socialism and point to the active roles of the party and government, while emphasizing the attribute of “socialist.” In discussing how to combine the socialist economic system with the market economy, the paper stresses the superiority of socialism as a fundamental system, and contends that public ownership must be retained as the mainstay of the economy, so that the general character of the market economy can be transformed and endowed with a socialist character. The paper also discusses how the market economy should be combined with the fundamental economic system of socialism from the perspective of political economy.

Contemporary Bulgarian migration to the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4)

The paper studies the contemporary migration of Bulgarians to countries of the Visegrad Group (V4) – the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. After making a short historical overview of this phenomenon since the 19th century and the contemporary migration of Bulgarians in the years following 1989, the paper analyses the evolution of Bulgarian migration to the V4 countries in the recent years. The authors conclude that there are important migration flows of Bulgarian citizens towards these countries, due to job perspectives, similar social economic systems and the Bulgarian diaspora already living there.

Sharia Islamic Economics in the Middle of Civilization Transition

The existence of an economic system of capitalism, an economic system of socialism, and an economic system of sharia are a response to problems regarding the economy as well as an answer to removing people from the obscurity of the existing economic system. It’s hoped that these systems will be the key to the economic success of a society. But there are always advantages and disadvantages to every existing system. The economic system of capitalism is an economic system hi which investors or owners of capital are the movers and rulers. Meanwhile, the economic system of socialism is a system hi which the government is the main control, this system ignores the position of the individual, everything is regulated by the ruler and no one has the right other than the ruler. The considerations positives and negatives of each system have created a sharia economic system where this system has every positive side of the capitalist and socialist economic system but ignores the shortcomings or negative sides of the two systems. This paper discussed how the economic system of capitalism, the economic system of socialism, the Islamic economic system, and the relationship between them. The method used in this writing was library research, in which the authors used various secondary data from books, article, and many more. The results showed that it is clear that there are far differences between the conventional economic system and the Islamic economic system, the conventional economic system includes the economic system of capitalism and the economic system of socialism.

Contributions of Vegetation Greening and Climate Change to Evapotranspiration Trend after Large-Scale Vegetation Restoration on the Loess Plateau, China

Since the early 2000s, the vegetation cover of the Loess Plateau (LP) has increased significantly, which has been fully recorded. However, the effects on relevant eco-hydrological processes are still unclear. Here, we made an investigation on the changes of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) during 2000–2018 and connected them with vegetation greening and climate change in the LP, based on the remote sensing data with correlation and attribution analysis. Results identified that the average annual ETa on the LP exhibited an obvious increasing trend with the value of 9.11 mm yr−1, and the annual ETa trend was dominated by the changes of ETa in the third quarter (July, August, and September). The future trend of ETa was predicted by the Hurst exponent. Partial correlation analysis indicated that annual ETa variations in 87.8% regions of the LP were controlled by vegetation greening. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the relative contributions of potential evapotranspiration (ETp), precipitation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), to the trend of ETa were 5.7%, −26.3%, and 61.4%, separately. Vegetation greening has a close relationship with the Grain for Green (GFG) project and acts as an essential driver for the long-term development trend of water consumption on the LP. In this research, the potential conflicts of water demanding between the natural ecosystem and social-economic system in the LP were highlighted, which were caused by the fast vegetation expansion.

Retracing Realistic Disaster Scenarios from Archival Sources: A Key Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster scenarios are constructed by integrating natural hazard phenomena and social science sources of information. We profiled 51 natural hazard events of nineteenth century Kashmir that provide insights into the impacts of varying degree of severity that spread through the socioeconomic and political systems, influenced adaptation, and increased the consequences of the resulting disasters. The root cause of these disasters was embedded in the social, natural, and political economic systems of their time, where vulnerabilities overlapped and interacted periodically with successive colonial regimes and acted as tipping points. The combined effect of successive colonial regimes, inept administration, rigid political economy, and natural hazards made the situation go from bad to worse and reduced Kashmir to the depths of distress and subjugation. Over the arc of the nineteenth century, a series of disasters led the Kashmiri population to learn how to live with disasters and minimize risk, bringing about the evolution of social and environmental knowledge. Understanding the natural hazard vulnerability of the Kashmir Valley through archival narratives can help in scenario building to translate findings into formats that reduce related risk now as it did then. The resulting information can be useful for regional design, planning, and policy responses to promote disaster risk reduction.

ТЕКСТИЛЬНАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ «ЦИФРОВОВИЗАЦИИ» ЭКОНОМИКИ

In the article gives the main problems of data-economy, digitalization in hole economy and its textile industry concretely. Show the position of the authors about positives and negatives characteristics of the data-economy as theory and practice of development of market economy. Underline the impotence of data-jerk for Russian social-economic system.