Social Development In Rural Areas Research Articles

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ КЛАСТЕРНИХ СТРУКТУР НА СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ

The article summarizes the features of the formation and development of cluster structures in rural areas. It is noted that the modern system of organization of production in rural areas requires the formation of new types of relationships. Central to this process may be the development of clusters in rural areas, the creation of which promotes the formation of high-tech and science-intensive associations with a closed production cycle with a high level of added value in the final product, creates new jobs, development of social and industrial infrastructure. rural areas. The cluster is a system that operates on the basis of cooperation of a group of neighboring territorial producers, and combines different forms of management, producers of means of production, processing plants that operate on the basis of competition and cooperation and support innovative development through joint efforts. Such a system is aimed at creating competitive products. The laws and principles of organization of clusters in rural areas are determined. Clusters in rural areas can be formed through market self-organization, which occurs mostly at the initiative of the leading enterprise in a particular industry. It does not hurt to note that potential members of the cluster, as a rule, produce similar products, and therefore are actually competitors in commodity markets. It is noted that the state policy to support the development of clusters in rural areas should promote the modernization of infrastructure, increase the efficiency of business and social development of rural areas, highlighted the main elements of clustering policy in rural areas. Thus, today for rural areas clusters are the most effective form of organization and management of production, as the market will no longer compete with individual enterprises, but whole complexes, which will increase their competitiveness. Thus, clusters in a single rural area will contribute to the sus-tainable development of this area on the basis of initiative, awareness, integration, interest, which, in the future, contribute to improving the level and quality of life of the rural population; creating appropriate conditions for attracting investments and implementing new investment projects; development of new business services on the basis of cooperation of various research institutions; introduction and use of innovative technologies in the framework of cooperation of cluster entities; solving most socio-economic and environmental issues and problems. Therefore, it is advisable to deepen theoretical and applied research on the problems of agro-industrial clustering.

The Land Transfer from the State Treasury to Local Government Units as a Factor of Social Development of Rural Areas in Poland

Sustainable rural development (with the development of social functions) is currently one of the basic objectives of the rural areas policy in Poland. The main purpose of this article is to determine the level of social development of rural areas and to examine whether the National Support Center for Agriculture (NSCA) activities (in the form of transferring land to communes for the implementation of social goals) have an impact on that development, and to what extent. In this article, an assessment of the social development level of rural areas using the Hellwig method was carried out. The research covered the years 2005 and 2018, on the districts of the Warmian-Masurian voivodship located in the northeastern part of Poland. The detailed analysis also covered the rural and rural-urban communes of Lidzbark, Kętrzyn, and Bartoszyce districts. The obtained results were compared with the area of land transferred by the NSCA Regional Office Olsztyn to local government units in 2004–2017, for the implementation of social goals. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for a comparison. The results are presented in tabular form and visualized using GIS software in the form of carto-diagrams (diagram maps). Results show a positive influence of NSCA on social development of rural areas.

Infrastructure support for social development of rural areas of the Kiev region

The article is devoted to the problems of development of rural territories. Considered topical issues, the reasons for imperfect infrastructure support, analysis and proposed ways to overcome the problems of rural lag in the development of social infrastructure. Various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of social infrastructure have been investigated. The article contains the results of researches of the rural sector of Ukraine in the context of the region – the Kiev region. The functions of the socio-territorial subsystem, which provides functioning of the rural sector, and its connection with the processes of reproduction of the labor force are analyzed. The results of the analysis based on the settlement of the rural population, social conditions of the peasants' life, living conditions and the tendencies of its reproduction are contained. The study of statistical data, allowed to highlight certain changes that arose on the basis of structural changes and dynamics of the rural population of the Kiev region. Are identified regions of the Kiev region, which can be attributed to a group of depressive according to the age category of residents living in them, based on the analysis of natural movement, migration and development prospects of rural settlements. According to the statistics of the natural movement and migration of the rural population, the aging of the nation and high mortality rates are also noted. The list of objects of social purpose is presented, and attention is focused on provision of rural settlements with these objects and networks of engineering infrastructure. An example of the administrative and economic centers of the metropolitan region, analysis and description (distance, number of flights, centers of social services) of the transport accessibility of service centers for non-central villagers has been carried out. The studies allowed to study the network of social infrastructure of rural settlements, as a result of which the areas of commercialization of social sectors, including utilities and engineering infrastructure, were identified. It is proved that infrastructure provision creates preconditions for the socio-economic development of rural areas and the country as a whole. Key words: rural territories, development, social infrastructure, quality of life, services.

International Scientific and Practical Conference on Agrarian Economy in the Era of Globalization and Integration

International Scientific and Practical Conference on Agrarian Economy in the Era of Globalization and Integration (AGEGI 2018)October 24-25, 2018, Moscow, RussiaThe International Scientific and Practical Conference on Agrarian Economy in the Era of Globalization and Integration was held on October 24-25, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. The conference was organized by the Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Organization of Production, Labor and Management in Agriculture (VNIOPTUSKH), and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Conference aimed to bring leading scholars, educators, and practitioners in the fields of agricultural economics, environmental studies, agricultural engineering, and sustainable development to share their research results, insights, and experiences and to discuss actual trends, challenges, and solutions. The focus of the Conference, its interdisciplinary approach, and international outreach allowed to create a truly engaging and intellectually challenging atmosphere.The conference was held in the Headquarters of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia and brought over 300 speakers and participants representing various universities, research institutions, as well as the leading agricultural and industrial enterprises from Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and a number of Central Asian nations. We were also very honored to have representatives of the emerging African countries. In particular, the conference was marked with participation of Mohamed Ali Kamil, the Emergency and Authorized Ambassador of the Republic of Dzhibuti in Russia, and Dr. Anisset G. Kochofa, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Benin to the Russian Federation and Former High Commissioner of the Eurasian Economic Cooperation Organization for International Cooperation. A great number of policy experts and policy makers took part in the conference and presented their challenging views on the state of agricultural economy in the Eurasian Economic Union and its development prospects in the era of globalization and integration.We are pleased to introduce the Conference Proceedings containing a selection of high-quality papers from contributed presentations in the conference. These papers present an integrated approach to agricultural systems, economic development, and the environment, which is highly necessary in order to respond to a number challenges in conditions of increasing globalization and integration. The intensification and diversification of agricultural systems is observed due to the rapid social development and economic growth in different parts of the world. Such tendencies cause increasing impact on natural resources and lead to unpredictable environmental consequences. Also, agricultural systems are under stress from climate change, environmental degradation, and population growth. The current institutions, policies, and agricultural technologies can hardly cope with such rapid changes. The featured papers present a wide variety of opinions and address these challenges in a comprehensive and innovative ways. Thus, the resulted collection of papers is of interest to a wide audience, including not only specialists and experts with a detailed knowledge of the topic, but also scholars, lecturers, and undergraduates of various fields of economics.Aleksei V. BogovizDoctor of Economics, Professor, Chief ResearcherFederal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics

The problems and perspectives of development of rural health care

The changes in social and economic life that took place in Russia during last decades resulted in significant reduction in agricultural production, deterioration of life of rural population, limitation of accessibility and decreasing of quality of medical care that negatively impacted health of rural residents. The results of research studies testify low level of rural population health, which by many indices is worse as compared with urban population. The persistent tendency of its deterioration is established. These processes occur against the background of implementation of the Federal target program "The sustainable development of rural areas in 2014-2017 and until 2020" which is a logical continuation of the program "The social development of rural areas until 2013". The programs determine main directions of regulating integrated development of rural areas including such an integrated section as development of rural health care. The study was targeted present proposals concerning reformation and prospects of development of rural health care on the basis of analysis of key indices of medical organizations functioning, supporting rural population, with consideration of morbidity and accessibility of medical care to rural areas residents.

Marketing ruralnog turizma Dunavskog regiona

Within tourism, as one of the largest and fastest-growing world industries, a prominent place is taken up by separate, selective forms of tourism. Rural tourism enables consumers to return to the natural setting and relief from pressure and stress emerging in urban environments. As eco-friendly travel into relatively well-preserved areas, rural tourism features as a significant element of sustainable tourism, economic and social development of rural areas. In view of this, the entire management, realization and implementation of the marketing strategy of developing rural tourism should be based on a compromise of interests of different and numerous stakeholders. The subject of this paper is the Danube Region and rural tourism of this region, and the objective is to emphasise the significance of further development of this special, selective form of tourism by applying marketing concept. Secondary data and methods of induction, deduction, synthesis and analysis were used for the purpose of this writing this paper.

Problems and Main Mechanisms to Increase Investment Attractiveness of Agricultural Production

The main idea of this article is the justification of the necessity and the creation of conditions for attracting investments in economic entities of agrarian and agro-industrial production.The authors consider topical issues of increasing the investment attractiveness of industries and businesses in agro-industrial production of the subsidized region at the federal and regional levels. The authors note that ensuring the food security of the administrative district, the region and the country as a whole largely depends on the solution of this large-scale task. The forms, methods and mechanisms affecting the activation and inflow of investment and financial resources into agro-industrial production are exemplified by the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (in particular, the Chechen Republic).The subject of the study is the organizational-economic relations connected with increasing the investment attractiveness of the agrarian sector and agro-industrial production. The article gives authors’ definition of the economic category of the “investment attractiveness†.The results can be used by the government of agro-industrial production of subsidized subjects of Russia in the development and implementation of regional agricultural development programs and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, as well as social development of rural areas.

Ukrainian

Ukrainian

Multi-criteria decision-making model in the strategic planning of table egg production in the Republic of Croatia

Until 2012, egg production in Croatia was mostly in cages, which was not in accordance with the European Union standards on the welfare of laying hens. Therefore, producers of table eggs could not continue their current practice and had to use those systems permitted in the EU member countries, such as organic, free-range, indoor or enriched cages. The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate various systems of table-egg production using a method of multi-criteria analysis called the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thus, the aim was to determine scientifically which production system was the favoured option for the Croatian poultry sector. According to the results, production of eggs using an indoor system for housing hens was the best option (priority 0.317). This was followed by a free-range system (priority 0.242). The third-ranked alternative egg production system was in cages (priority 0.237), while the fourth and the least acceptable alternative refers to egg production according to organic principles (priority 0.202). Based on the results of the multi-criteria analysis and respecting the worldwide trends that reflect changes in consumers’ habits and their concerns for food safety and quality, as well as their preference for local markets and local products, it is recommended that eggs be produced in an indoor system of keeping laying hens. In this sense, egg production on small farms provides the possibility of self-employment and creation of additional income to contribute towards overall economic and social development of rural areas.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF HOUSING IMPROVEMENT FOR URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF THE ORENBURG REGION

Living conditions refer to the main characteristics that determine the level and quality of life. Living conditions in Russia are differentiated according to the levels of family income, family structure, location of residence and other factors. The relevance of the study of living conditions in the context of urban and rural areas increases with the growing necessity of creating the basis for social development in our country (“State program of development of agricultural industry, and of raw material and foodstuff market for 2013–2020”, approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2012, No. 717). The analysis of factors that contribute to the change of population’s living conditions depending on the type of the settlement (a city, a rural area), significantly clarifies the tendencies of the economic and demographic processes that take place in Russia (for example, the reasons of the population migration from rural settlements into cities, the instability of agricultural production etc.). The purpose of the study is to identify the most significant socio-economic factors that determine the changes of housing conditions of the urban and rural population of the region. The urban and rural households of the Orenburg region are the subject of research. The materials and methods of the study. The information base of research includes the data of household budget survey, made by Orenburgstat. The information was detailed in the context of urban and rural areas in the period from 2003 to 2016. The authors comparatively analyzed the level and the structure of disposable household resources, consumer spending and other indicators that were relevant for rural and urban households of the Orenburg region. The authors gave a quantitative assessment of the impact of the structure of consumer spending and disposal resources of households and demographic factors on the level of provision of comfortable housing for urban and rural households. The choice of a modified statistical correlation coefficient was motivated by the fact that the initial data array consists of time series, some of which are non-stationary time series. The usage of a modified correlation coefficient allows the exclusion of the auto-correlation influence effects, therefore providing us with the objective estimate of the interrelationships in the dynamics. The research results showed that the factors, determining the change in the level of comfortable household provision are different for the urban and rural population. For example, the rural households are not as heavily affected by the increase of utility fees (water, sewerage, gas, electricity) in the context of the growth of the comfortable housing provision. The improvement of living conditions of urban households in the Orenburg region is associated with the family structure change, increased life expectancy as well as with the increase in the proportion of houses in renting. The conclusion. Taking into account the differentiated impact of factors on urban and rural households, the state must direct the efforts on social development of rural areas and on the improvement of rural population’s living conditions. This will allow the development of domestic agriculture and will reduce the demographic losses in rural areas that were caused by the urbanization and declined living standards.

Resin-tapped pine forests in Spain: Ecological diversity and economic valuation

Since ancient times, Mediterranean pine forests have been habitat for human activity, providing a wide range of goods such as timber, seeds, resin and derived products. Among them, tar and resin have played an historical role on the interaction between human activity and forests. In Spain, the resin played an important role in the economic and social development in rural areas during 20th century. But after 1980, resin production plummeted and the virtual disappearance of resin tapping caused the abandonment of traditional forest activities and the subsequently losses of ecosystem forest services (provision, regulation and cultural). This paper deals with some of the ecosystem services provided by resin tapped pine forests and shows how the abandonment of this traditional forestry activity would lead to a loss of social welfare beyond the economic activity. Among these ecosystem services, special attention is paid to the biodiversity of the pine forests. For that purpose, a stratified vegetation sampling was conducted in the leading resin-tapping Spanish region. Ecological analysis was therefore compared with the social preferences for several attributes associated to resin-tapped pine forests in Spain, including the biodiversity of flora.

FUNDS AND PROGRAMS FOR SUPPORTING EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

The aim of this paper is to present the different forms of support and the accompanying them sources of funding which were allocated for the education and development of the rural population between 2002 and 2016 and define the effects of these activities. A number of the EU policies, programs (including national ones), offers of various foundations for the rural population have been reviewed. Scientific literature, empirical materials and description of the EU and national institutions have been studied, as well as programs supporting the economic and social development of rural areas in Poland. The data required to write the article come from research institutions such as IRWiR, IERiGŻ and available GUS’s and The World Bank’s publications.

Review on Gender and Poverty, Gender Inequality in Land Tenure, Violence Against Woman and Women Empowerment Analysis: Evidence in Benin with Survey Data

Inequalities in opportunities and rights between women and men have occupied many researchers over the last two decades. This study reviews literature on (i) gender and poverty, (ii) inequalities in land rights between women and men and their implications for the economic and social development of rural areas in developing countries, and (iii) violence against women in the rural population. World Bank survey data (3507 rural households) were used to analyze women's perceptions of agricultural land rights and violence against women in Benin. The Poisson model is adopted to investigate the determinants of physical violence against women in rural households in Benin. The results show that women are more vulnerable to poverty than men. Women are disadvantaged in access to productive assets such as access to credit and arable land, education, labor market, control of incomes earned in households, and are excluded in decision-making in households and institutions. The results also highlight that women in rural areas do not have access to land and do not participate in land management decisions. Based on the Poisson model, the results show that restrictions imposed on women by their spouses significantly increase the number of physical violence against women in households. Moreover, the results suggest also that an increase in the economic value of assets owned by women significantly reduces the incidence of physical violence against women in households. These results suggest that implementing development actions to increase incomes and empowerment women helps to reduce poverty, increases food security, reduces violence against women, and improves household welfare.

The Production of Biodiesel From Jatropha Curca and Its Social Impact

The social impact of planting and harvesting the jatropha curca for the production of biodiesel in the province of Manabí is shown, where there are several municipalities involved in this process, mainly the populations that live in rural areas where the conditions are created for their improvement of quality and good living from the income they receive for performing these tasks. A social relationship model was designed that links the social development of rural areas in the province of Manabí with the sowing, harvesting and industrialization of jatropha curca in social development, demonstrating the benefit of using indigenous natural resources for the in the improvement of the quality of life of the populations directed to the economic, energetic, social and environmental sustainable development.

A novel biorefinery integration concept for lignocellulosic biomass

The concept of an integrated biorefinery has increasing importance regarding sustainability aspects. However, the typical concepts have techno-economic issues: limited replacement in co-processing with fossil sources and high investment costs in integration to a specific plant. These issues have directed the current investigations to supply-chain network systems. On the other hand, these studies have the scope of a specific product and/or a feedstock type. This paper proposes a novel biorefinery concept for lignocellulosic biomass: sectoral integration network and a new hydrothermal process for biomass conversion. The sectoral integration concept has the potential for sustainable production from biomass: pre-treatment at the biomass sites, regional distributed conversion of biomass from various sectors (e.g. black liquor, sawdust, straw) and centralized upgrading/separation of crude biofuels. On the other hand, the conversion processes compose the vital part of such a concept. The new conversion involves partial wet oxidation - or simultaneous dissolution with partial wet oxidation for solid biomass- followed by lignin recovery with acidification and a reactor that can perform either hydrothermal liquefaction or supercritical water gasification. The process can intake both liquid and solid biomass to produce lignin as biomaterial and syngas or bio-oil. The new concept can contribute social development of rural areas by utilizing waste as valuable raw material for the production of multiple products and reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil-based production.

Wine tourism development in South Africa: a geographical analysis

ABSTRACTWine tourism, which is growing and developing on a global scale, is widely considered a driver of economic and social development in rural areas. Limited job opportunities and unemployment are prevalent in most rural areas, particularly in South Africa. In 2015, the South African wine industry generated close to 300,000 direct and indirect employment opportunities. A geographical analysis of the development and current state of wine tourism in the region can assist in the country's efforts to develop a new strategy to enhance and preserve wine tourism in the future. Wine tourism development is analysed from a nodes, network and winescape perspective using the results from a national questionnaire survey. This mostly quantitative approach explains the wine tourism development over more than 40 years from a supply-side perspective including its wine tourism product portfolio and in terms of its physical footprint. Wine tourism development commenced from only three pioneer open cellar doors in 1971, to network formation of 21 wine routes and today boasting well-established wine tourism destinations. The Stellenbosch-Franschhoek-Paarl nexus emerges as South Africa's premier winescape, as being a well-established destination in its mature life cycle phase. Strong evidence of hierarchical differentiation between the wineries of the more established wine tourism regions has emerged. The impact of the wine tourism resorts on the smaller wineries has yet to be determined in the context of the resilience of the whole region. The development of wine tourism is also responsible for the transformation of rural landscapes and especially in the regions that have the most developed wine routes. These regions need higher-level protection (especially the cultural and natural resource bases) in the form of an ‘agricultural reserve’ or the declaration of a ‘national heritage site’.

Актуальні проблеми становлення фермерських господарств

Аналізуються причини що стримують становлення та розвиток фермерських господарств України. Основними з них є несформованість аграрного ринку, проблемність пошуку каналів збуту на альтернативних засадах, висока мінливість цін, монопольний вплив на формування яких мають посередницькі організації. Ринок не вивчається і не прогнозується. Фермерські господарства не можуть реалізувати свої переваги, які полягають у можливості швидшої, порівняно з великими підприємствами, адаптації до існуючого ринкового середовища. Намітилась тенденція передачі фермерськими підприємствами земельних угідь у суборенду агрохолдингам, що призводить до зростання безробіття у селах, посилення економічних і соціальних проблем. Показано, що лише законодавчого визначення поняття сімейного фермерського господарства для виникнення та розвитку таких господарств недостатньо. Необхідними передумовами активізації фермерського руху є створення умов для ефективного функціонування таких господарств.

Current Situation of Basic Education in Poverty-stricken Counties of China in the New Era and New Rural Construction -Take County Zijin of Heyuan City in Guangdong Province as an example

Basic education in rural areas is an important part of China’s basic education system. It plays a significant role in improving the quality of the rural population and promoting the economic and social development in rural areas, and is of great importance to the new countryside construction. Although China’s rural basic education has made great achievements since reform and opening up, many problems still exist. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the above problems, this paper takes the case of basic education in County Zijin of Heyuan City as an example, and proposes some practical countermeasures for the reference in better development of basic education in rural areas.

On Some Issues of Constitutional-Legal Regulation of Rural Life

In the article on the basis of scientific literature, social studies, law-enforcement practice are highlighted issues of legal regu- lation of rural life. Stresses the importance of the regulatory functions of the State based on law, proposes measures to its strengthening in achieving public policy objectives on sustainable integrated economic and social development of rural areas.

Problems and Mechanisms of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas (at the example of the Republic of Mordovia)

1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction of the problem The last thirty years on the international agenda there is an acute problem of sustainable development of the world civilization, separate countries and local subsystems, which include rural areas. They take 2/3 of the territory in Russia and are occupied by 26% of the population. With a rich potential (natural, historical, cultural and other), rural areas perform numerous national economic functions, including those which do not have the proper government support (for example, maintenance and improvement of the potential of nature, or social control over the vast sparsely populated areas of the country). However, the critical condition of rural areas is recorded almost on the entire territory of the country; it is reflected in the low living standards of the rural population, the outflow of personnel from agriculture, depopulation of rural settlements. It leads to the lack of domestic production and increased food imports, depopulation of rural areas, which ultimately hinders the achievement of the main objectives of the agrarian policy of the country. 1.2 Importance of the problem On the government level in Russia the following documents are dedicated to the solution of the problems of sustainable development of rural areas: the Concept of sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to (2010), the Federal Target Program Sustainable development of rural areas 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020 (2013), Strategy for sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (2015). Since 2003 the implementation of the federal target program Social development of rural areas till 2013 has been carried out, which has contributed to house construction and some development of the manufacturing infrastructure, however the necessary level of social comfort of living of the rural population has not been achieved and the negative processes continue. This shows that the measures applied by the government do not fully consider the diversity and complexity of the conditions and processes of development of rural areas, individual events are scattered, not systemized, and don't have stimulating character for self-development of rural communities. The theory of the development of rural areas is at the stage of its formation, since scientific studies are actively conducted for only last five years, and until recently, the predominant focus was on the development of agriculture and the social and labor relationship in the industry. There are practically no scientific studies on the rural settlements as the most important spatial ecological social economic formations, representing them as a system consisting of the population--the keeper of the unique traditions and culture, environment, economy, ecology and social sphere. In addition, Russian practice needs methodological support of management for sustainable rural development due to imperfections of the applied tools. The study represented in the article is dedicated to this. 1.3 Background/Review of literature Studies of sustainable development of rural areas are carried out in the framework of sustainable social and economic development in balance with the environment, proposed by the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development and stated in the report Our common future (Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 2008). The approaches developed by the international community on agricultural policy and sustainable development of rural areas have a great importance. Thus, a systematic approach by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides a combination of different directions and mechanisms of action to stimulate the overall economic and social development, the growth of the rural economy, development of market relations and institutional environment of the market, the rational use of natural resources and environmental protection. …