Social Development In Rural Areas Research Articles

Multifunctional Use of Agricultural Land with Support for Selected Ecosystem Services in the Territory Protected Water Management Area Žitný Ostrov

Agroecosystems represent one of the largest managed systems in the world and are also considered to be the largest surface polluters. This is particularly evident in highly vulnerable areas such as the model area assessed in our study, the Protected Water Management Area Žitný Ostrov, which contains the most productive soils in the Slovak Republic. At the same time, the Žitný Ostrov represents the largest groundwater reserves in Central Europe. We based this study on the information system of valued soil ecological units (VSEUs) and their spatial extension to the agricultural soils of Slovakia. We used the synthetic–parametric method for a summary (aggregated) evaluation of the production potential of provisioning soil services, which we have classified into 10 categories (1—very low potential; 10—very high potential). Overall, there were 3000 individual VSEUs identified in the area of interest. By eliminating repetitive VSEUs, we evaluated 72 subtypes and, based on similarity parameters, they were further aggregated into 40 soil subtypes. The result is a spatial representation of the proposed zones within the model area (zones for sustainable economic use of soils with the support for ecologization of agricultural technologies, non-productive land use, cultural and social development of rural areas, and the protection and revitalization of the landscape and its components). The approach is also suitable for use in other areas.

DEVELOPMENT AND DETERMINATION OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE RA

Food security is one of the main goals of the agrarian and economic policy of the state. It forms the vector of movement of any national food system towards an ideal state. In this sense, ensuring food security is an ongoing process. At the same time, to achieve this, there is often a change in development priorities and mechanisms for the implementation of agricultural policy. The definitions of food security formulated in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security (1996) contain the following main areas: physical access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food, economic access to food of adequate quantity and quality for all social groups of the population, autonomy and economic independence of the national food system, reliability, sustainability, which means that the national food system is developing in an expanded reproduction mode. A proper food policy is seen as a system of measures aimed at a systematic and effective solution not only to the problems of production, foreign trade, storage and processing, but also to the equitable distribution of basic foodstuffs, as well as the social development of rural areas. Taking into account the importance of ensuring a high level of food security for the Republic of Armenia and the fact that there is a strategy or doctrine for ensuring food security, a comprehensive, methodological development of the methodology for food production, analysis of availability and definition of food was carried out. security in RA. For this, a system of indicators, mechanisms for assessing food safety, assessment criteria and a definition model were developed.

Entrepreneurial Dynamics and Typology in Rural Development

The term “rural entrepreneurs (RE)” has become a social and rural development factor in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of rural entrepreneurship and describe the typology of entrepreneurship. This research was conducted in three typologies of villages, such as (1) agricultural industry, (2) agritourism, and (3) traditional area, in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through village observation, in-depth interviews with 90 informants, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The dynamics of rural entrepreneurship were affected by various factors: (a) politics, (b) social networks, and (c) economics. Furthermore, three typologies of RE were identified: (1) political-based RE, (2) economic asset-based RE, and (3) social network-based RE. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs could accumulate rural resources, comprising local government and social-economic networks. In summary, the primary keys to encouraging social development in rural areas were providing access to economic assets and social networks and boosting entrepreneurial spirit.

Інтеграційні процеси у сфері сільського зеленого туризму як фактор активізації розвитку сільських територій

The article analyzes rational approaches to the need to develop rural green tourism, the importance of which is actualized in the conditions of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The author believes that the key component in the development of the country's agrarian sphere is the comprehensive development of rural areas aimed at stable development of agricultural production, improvement of working and living conditions, and preservation of the natural environment of the population. The revival and further economic and social development of rural areas of Ukraine now is directly linked to the tourism industry, particularly green tourism. The author researched the phenomenon of gastronomic tourism and analyzed the problems of its development in the current conditions in Ukraine, generalizing the theoretical, methodical and practical aspects of the development of gastrotourism. The article presents gastronomic routes of the Vinnytsia region, which cover interesting historical places, architectural highlights, and well-known excursion projects. Vinnytsia region is rich in culinary traditions, which should become the basis for the development of gastronomic routes in the region, and the unique tourist «magnets» could be created in the communities. The sphere of gastrotourism has growth potential, but without the creation of additional «magnets» for tourists, it has no chance of independent realization. It is determined that clusters as integration structures are focused on creating new value within a network or reducing transactional and economic costs. They complement each other in production and sales chains or when implementing innovative projects. The initiators and coordinators of the creation of network organizations can be different institutions in accordance with the nature of the activities. Although wine clusters in Ukraine are developing as well, at the present moment this market has not reached its full potential.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS THE GOAL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF RURAL AREAS

Introduction. Achieving stable economic growth was one of the main goals of any state in the 20th century. The mindless desire at any cost to demonstrate to the world the growth of the gross domestic product, it is not supported by the introduction of new technologies and care for the environment, almost led to a global collapse. Suddenly it turned out that nature is not able to satisfy the growing needs of humanity. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the fundamental provisions of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on theoretical and methodological issues of regulating the social and economic development of rural areas, as well as the achievements of world science in solving the problems of their balanced development. The author used general scientific and special research methods to solve the tasks: historical and economic – to analyse the genesis of theories and practice of regulation, study of the processes of economic and social transformation of rural areas during integration transformations, assessment of risks and positive consequences of agro-European integration; abstract and logical method – for substantiating and concretizing the main provisions of the concept of social and economic development of rural areas; when clarifying and comparing the economic essence of the “sustainable development” category; comparative analysis – to determine trends and regularities of foreign and domestic experience of rural development. The results. The theoretical approach and interpretation of the concept of “rural territory” from the standpoint of sustainable development, as a formalized structure of society – a local community engaged in economic development to improve the quality of life of its residents, has been clarified. The quality of life of the population of rural areas can be characterized by the degree of satisfaction of material and spiritual needs of citizens. From these positions, the sustainable development of rural areas is more a means of achieving a decent quality of life than a goal of the local community. At the same time, the quality of life is a criterion for the sustainability of the social development of rural areas. Actually, the goal of economic development is to ensure the well-being of the local community. Discussion. The post-war period of revitalization of rural areas of Ukraine will make adjustments to the theoretical foundations of their sustainable development. First of all, the task of European reference points for the development of rural areas with highly developed social infrastructure, innovative agricultural production will arise. Keywords: rural territories, sustainable development, rural area, population, environment.

Violence against Women and Social Development in Rural Peru

The present research aimed to determine the relationship between violence against women and social development in rural areas of La Libertad, 2022, for this I work with the type of basic research, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design correlational level – descriptive cross-section, for this we analyzed 374 women from the province of Otuzco de la Libertad, by applying the questionnaire for both study variables. Therefore, as a result of the 374 women, 57% perceive violence against women at a high level, of which 2.9% perceived a fair level and 23.5% good and 0.55% deficient in relation to social development. On the other hand, it was possible to contrast the hypothesis where a Rho = 0.734 ** (high negative correlation) and a (p<0.05) was obtained for both cases, therefore the Ha is admitted and the Ho is refuted, therefore, it is evident that violence against women is related to social development in rural areas of La Libertad, 2022. Conclusion, it was demonstrated that if violence against women decreases, it would improve social development in rural areas of the province of Otuzco.

Study on the Sustainable Development Factors of Agriculture-Oriented Characteristic Towns in China

In recent years, China’s agriculture-oriented characteristic towns (AOCTs) have developed rapidly. However, the development of AOCTs in different regions varies. Having examined 131 AOCTs in China, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for the sustainable development of AOCTs and applies a sub-constraint evaluation model to study the performance of AOCTs. The main findings are as follows. (1) The most important dimension for the sustainable development of AOCTs is “social development”, which implies that in order to build AOCTs, the government should pay attention to social development in rural areas, especially improving medical services and public service. (2) Under the dimension of “social development”, the three most important factors are the unemployment rate, per capita consumption expenditures of rural households, and per capita consumption expenditures of urban households. This implies that we must adhere to the policy for ensuring rural employment and encourage the development of local enterprises in order to provide more jobs and change their existing consumption structure. (3) Among the four main economic zones in China, the eastern region has the most advantageous factors, and the western region has the least; furthermore, regarding the disadvantaged factors, the western region has the most and the eastern region the least. This shows that AOCTs in different regions should determine their respective advantages and disadvantages, match resources accordingly, and formulate their own development strategy, which could also contribute to decreasing the gap between the eastern and western regions. Hence, the results of this study not only clearly point out the important factors for the sustainable development of AOCTs but also make them detailed and specific in order to provide the government with targeted and highly operable suggestions.

A methodology for assessing the performance of a budgetary institution in the context of managerial analysis

Subject. This article explores the possibilities of using macroeconomic indicators of crop production development and the standard of living of the population of rural areas to analyze the performance of budget organizations that provide public and commercial services to crop subjects. Objectives. The article aims to test the hypothesis that the effectiveness of management activities in organizations that perform the State function of maintaining crop production through State subsidies and commercial contracts with farms should be determined not only by the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of allocated funds, but also by analyzing the results of financing regions expressed by macroeconomic indicators. Methods. For the study, we used an economic analysis, and the logical and empirical methods. Results. The article defines macroeconomic indicators, on the basis of which data characterizing the intensity of the use of agricultural land, as well as the social development of rural areas, are calculated. Conclusions and Relevance. Indicators of crop production efficiency and social development should be taken into account to assess the quality of management of budgetary organizations. The proposed methodology can help to comprehensively assess the activities of a budgetary institution in the performance of State functions and in the future can be introduced into the system for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of heads of budget organizations on the basis of KPIs. The results of the study may be useful for the creation of models for assessing the performance of budget organizations in performing the State function.

Enabling policy and regulatory environment for solar power development: Lessons in Asia-Pacific region

Solar energy democratizes energy access. It also has helped address price volatility that is typically associated with the use of imported fossil fuels and has received prominence particularly during crisis periods including oil price shocks. Countries such as Sri Lanka and Bangladesh took the lead to scale up the use of solar home systems in the 90’s providing income generation and social development in rural areas. A new cycle of solar development has taken place over the last 15 years propelled by the use of enabling policy and regulatory instruments, ramping up of solar manufacturing capacity in People’s Republic of China, the scaling up of clean projects through models such as solar parks that took off in India and replicated in other Asian countries including Cambodia. The declining cost of solar power coupled with the mobilization of long tenor concessional public financing (including multilateral support) has helped address key risks and crowd in private capital to the sector. Over time, there is a focus on energy storage for better utilization of solar power as well as offer value added services including for heat and water production, transport sector decarbonization and now green hydrogen. This expands the use case for solar power permitting it to play a more prominent role in meeting energy requirements in the region and particularly in the context of NDC commitments. Policy and regulatory instruments would also need to evolve to help meet these newer and more ambitious deployment plans.

FORECASTING PARAMETERS OF FARM DEVELOPMENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL USING THE STELLA PROGRAM

Given the importance of forecasting the production of agricultural products by farms, the study created an original model in the STELLA program, which identified the impact on the number of agricultural enterprises, land area and fertilizers. The created model showed that in Ivano-Frankivsk region by 2030 with the stabilization of the number of agricultural enterprises, land area and the increase in mineral fertilizers per hectare of sown area may increase agricultural production by farms. This will help solve important issues for the region and the state in general, related to strengthening food security, ensuring the social development of rural areas. The prognostic changes in the volume of agricultural production determined by the STELLA program by farms of the region until 2030 can be the basis for the development of a promising model of the agricultural production system at the regional level.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UDMURTIA

The article shows the socio-economic development of rural areas of Udmurtia in recent years, with the allocation of territories of advanced development and lagging areas. The results of the sociological analysis of the factors shaping the standard of living of rural residents are presented, the main ones are highlighted. A new indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the level of social development of rural areas is proposed, its significance for rural areas of Udmurtia is calculated. The deepening of the differentiation of rural development depending on various factors, including social and industrial, is proved and the main reasons for this discrepancy are given. .Statistical materials show how factors of social and economic development of rural areas affect the level of migration of the population. The results of correlation and regression analysis of the main factors influencing the migration of rural residents are presented. The influence of the specifics and efficiency of industrial activity in rural areas on the standard of living of the population is shown. Based on the wage level indicator, the influence of modern technologies and digital transformation of agricultural production on the development of the territory is shown. The measures of state support for the development of backward rural areas focused on the development of social infrastructure and stimulating innovative investments in production activities are proposed.

Development of Rural Areas in Ukraine in the Context of Decentralization: An Empirical Study

Decentralization in Ukraine was actualized due to the inability of the local self-government system to satisfy the needs of the rural population in public services for the comprehensive development of a person, their self-realization, and the protection of their constitutional rights. The purpose of this empirical study is to examine development of rural areas in Ukraine in the context of decentralization. The methodology used was exploratory qualitative in nature and used a multiple case study, wherein data analysis were applied. We have found that the first result of decentralization in 2015–2018 is a slowdown in the decline of the proportion of the rural population, in the rate of decline of the available rural population, and the employment rate of the rural population. Our study refutes the hypothesis that the rural development targets, which were defined at the beginning of decentralization and fixed in the current legislation, have been achieved. Rural development targets have not been achieved, and economic modeling shows that there are no prospects for achieving them in the near future. The research results presented in the paper are of considerable importance for developing economic policy and the social development of rural areas, by addressing the needs of these rural areas.

Integral assessment of the social development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory

Integral assessment of the social development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory

ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫНЫҢ ЗИЯТКЕРЛІК ӘЛЕУЕТІ

The article substantiates approaches to improving state regulation of rural development by developing a set of regional policy instruments, as well as supporting the diversification of the rural economy and improving the activities of rural institutions, infrastructure facilities. The policy on the development of rural territories is proposed to be considered as a sphere of mutual responsibility of the state, rural territories, science, business and civil society. State regulation of rural social development does not matter in itself, but is reduced only to measures that mitigate the negative consequences of the formation of market relations. As a result, there is an urgent need for a systematic presentation of the substantive foundations of state regulation of rural social development, analysis of the consequences of its market transformation in the modern Kazakh economy and identification of areas for improvement [1]. The purpose of the article is to propose methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of state regulation of social development of rural areas based on the analysis of its content and features and to develop areas of improvement in modern Kazakhstan conditions. And also to consider the content of state regulation and features of social development of the village; to classify the means of implementing forms and methods of state regulation of social development of the village; generalization of the assessment methodology and development of criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of state regulation of social development of rural areas; determination of institutional and socio-economic consequences of market transformation of state regulation of social development of rural areas.

STATE REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS

The article substantiates approaches to improving state regulation of rural development by developing a set of regional policy instruments, as well as supporting the diversification of the rural economy and improving the activities of rural institutions, infrastructure facilities. The policy on the development of rural territories is proposed to be considered as a sphere of mutual responsibility of the state, rural territories, science, business and civil society. State regulation of rural social development does not matter in itself, but is reduced only to measures that mitigate the negative consequences of the formation of market relations. As a result, there is an urgent need for a systematic presentation of the substantive foundations of state regulation of rural social development, analysis of the consequences of its market transformation in the modern Kazakh economy and identification of areas for improvement [1]. The purpose of the article is to propose methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of state regulation of social development of rural areas based on the analysis of its content and features and to develop areas of improvement in modern Kazakhstan conditions. And also to consider the content of state regulation and features of social development of the village; to classify the means of implementing forms and methods of state regulation of social development of the village; generalization of the assessment methodology and development of criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of state regulation of social development of rural areas; determination of institutional and socio-economic consequences of market transformation of state regulation of social development of rural areas.

Socio-demographic and socio-economic fundamentals of rural development

The purpose of the study is the socio-demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas in Ukraine. Methodology. The study’s methodological basis is the method of theoretical generalization, comparison, systems approach, and systems analysis. Results. The peculiarities of regulating the social development of rural areas from the demographic and economic point of view are characterized, the socio-demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas is generalized. It is established that the state of social infrastructure sets the task of successful social development of rural areas. The living climate in the rural territorial network highlights the latest research and publications of socio-demographic development of rural areas and theoretical and methodological provisions of socio-economic development of rural areas, analysed the features of solving problems of preservation of rural areas in Ukraine. It is revealed that the solution of problems of preservation of rural territories and labour potential is necessary by creation of social, industrial, engineering interaction of urban and rural areas. Practical meaning. It consists of the generalization of socio-demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas. Based on this work, the relevance of this topic for modern society is determined. Prospects for further study. Socio-demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas depends on the effective implementation of its own competitive advantages. Further research will be devoted to the issues of socio-demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas in Ukraine.

Socio-engineering arrangement of the village — the basis of rural development

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.

Characterization of rural small-scale rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Mexico

Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) production has developed rapidly, particularly in the highlands of central Mexico. The objective of this study was to characterize rainbow trout production systems based on factor and cluster analysis. Data were collected for 21 variables from 71 trout production units (TPU) through semi-structured interviews. Four groups were obtained. Group 1: rural entrepreneurs, and Group 3: organized family TPU, are business-oriented operations developed with government support schemes with incorporated internal procedures enabling higher production and sales either to wholesalers or final consumers as fresh trout. These groups have the potential to scale up their operations. Group 2: small-scale family TPU, and Group 4: small-scale artisan TPU, are less organized, based on family labor, have lower yields, and sell their products at the farm gate or to small restaurants. These groups represent the role of aquaculture for social development in rural areas. Public policies, government support schemes, growth of markets, and high demand for trout have favored all four groups. Based on the results, development strategies and applied research must be directed differentially to each group of rainbow trout producers.

Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Product E-commerce Development under the Background of Rural Revitalization

With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years, and the strong support of the Chinese government, the world’s most extensive Internet area has been formed. In recent years, my country’s E-commerce has developed very rapidly, which has promoted the development of rural E-commerce. The development of rural E-commerce has promoted the development of the rural economy, especially in the current country’s rural revitalization strategy. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated: “Insist on focusing on the construction of national infrastructure and social development in rural areas, deepen the construction of new rural areas and poverty alleviation development, comprehensively improve rural production and living conditions, strive to increase farmers’ income, and maintain a sustained and rapid income of farmers. increase”. Rural E-commerce is a key link in the realization of the strategic goals of rural revitalization. Although my country’s rural E-commerce development has made some outstanding achievements at this stage, in terms of the time period of rural E-commerce development, it is only in its infancy. There are bound to be many problems to be solved, and some problems in the treatment of the juvenile industry may make this industry disappear. This article is based on the rural revitalization strategy. This article explores the current problems in the development of rural E-commerce in my country, and proposes specific development paths to contribute to the further development of rural E-commerce.

Solid Biofuels Scenarios from Rural Agricultural and Forestry Residues for Mexican Industrial SMEs

In Mexico, as in the rest of the world, the industry sector is frequently highly dependent on fossil fuels; in addition, energy transformation processes are not very efficient and scarcely oriented towards climate change mitigation. Given these facts, solid biofuels (SBFs) from agricultural and forestry residues from rural areas may represent an alternative that contributes to the decarbonization of the industrial sector, especially in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). From an economic and climate change mitigation perspective, this study evaluates harnessing SBFs in SMEs related to lime, bricks, dairy products, craft beer, and artisanal mezcal (a well-known Mexican distilled alcoholic beverage), products mainly manufactured in rural areas of Mexico. For each of these SMEs, we constructed two energy consumption scenarios that span from 2018 to 2050. On the one hand, a baseline scenario (BS) that reflects the behaviour of historical energy consumption in Mexico and, on the other hand, an alternative scenario (AS) that proposes the use of SBFs with modern and efficient technologies and sustainable inputs of agricultural and forestry residues originated mainly from rural areas. According to our results, a comparison between the two scenarios reveals that two out of five SMEs industrial niches studied, appear with mitigation costs in the AS namely brick kilns, and limekilns SMEs that have mitigation costs of 9.99 and 19.74 USD/tCO2e, respectively, primarily due to the high investment cost of the new MK2 kilns and the relatively high cost of pellets, respectively. Since these niches have high mitigation potentials (7.77 MtCO2e for brick kilns and 2.83 MtCO2e for limekilns), their implementation requires adequate incentives and financing. On the contrary, the dairy, craft beer, and mezcal SMEs niches have negative mitigation costs (−14.30, −10.68, −0.98) USD/tCO2e, mainly due to the high savings in the cost of fossil fuels and their materialization, especially for the mezcal niche which has a mitigation potential of 2.97 MtCO2e, requires only an adequate regulatory and normative framework. We conclude that using commercial SBFs (pellets, briquettes, and traditional firewood) in SMEs niches contribute to generating formal markets with adequate distribution channels, both for SBFs and sustainable residual biomass inputs (residual firewood, agave bagasse, and spent barley grain). This alternative scenario also promotes the creation of green jobs in agricultural and forestry areas, adding an economic value to residual biomass inputs not previously considered and contributing to the social development of rural areas.