Social Cultural Development Research Articles

CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: INTERNATIONAL ASPECT

Urgency of the research. The activity of social enterprises extends practically to all types of activities - from production to social services, nature conservation, resource saving, etc., so it is important to study the specifics of their development, taking into account their functioning in different parts of the world. Target setting. Activating the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine requires a deep and thorough study of the specifics of the development of social entrepreneurship abroad. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. A number of scientists were engaged in research and identification of concepts of social entrepreneurship, namely Grishina Y. S., Defourny J., Young D., etc. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The main and additional features of the American and European concept of social entrepreneurship are defined. The research objective. The purpose of this article is to identify and generalize the characteristics of the two main concepts of social entrepreneurship: American and European. The statement of basic materials. The article shows that the processes of formation and development of social enterprises are influenced by the features of social and economic and cultural development, the traditions of doing business, self-organization of the population in solving public problems, and caused the emergence of two basic concepts of social entrepreneurship: American and European, that are, basic views and understanding of social entrepreneurship in the US and Europe. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the characteristic features of each of the considered concepts of social entrepreneurship are defined.

Impacts of Holocene perturbations of the Onega-Ladoga hydrological system on the ancient coastal population

Neolithic settlers of the periphery area of the Last Glaciation were affected during the Holocene by dramatic sequences of the catastrophic environmental transformations. This statement is developed in the paper based on geodynamic approach which is important to understand factors of social-cultural development of those territories. The paper contains results of the investigations of environmental cataclysms in the Onega-Ladoga hydrosystem during the last 7 ca. Three major paroxysms (5,7, 5,3, 3,1 BP) have been identified basing on stratigraphical and spatial analyses of the reference archaeological and palaeogeographical studies of the Vuoksa, Svir and Neva rivers. In each of the mentioned case large earthquake had resulted in drastic water cataclysms. Environment and hydrological regime of the main water basins were chanced and these perturbations stipulated disastrous consequences for lives, livelihoods and migrations of on-shore Neolithic communities.

Principals Leadership Styles and Students’ Academic Performance in Enugu Metropolis: A Comparative Survey of Public and Mission Secondary Schools

Education is a fundamental human right enshrined in all major United Nations and International Charters. As a result, there is need to provide it in most efficient manner. Education plays a major role in social emancipation, political, economic and cultural development of countries. However, the low performance of teachers and its negative impact accentuated by the dwindling fortunes of students’ academic performance have become a great concern to major stakeholders in the education sector. The study compares the leadership styles of principals in public and mission secondary schools on students’ academic performance in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Ex-post facto descriptive research design was adopted. Data collection instruments were the use of structured questionnaire and interviews. The Yamane’s (1964) statistical formula was used for sample size determination. A total of 285 copies of the questionnaire were administered to principals, teachers and supportive staff of the selected Secondary Schools using simple random sampling techniques. A combination of chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation statistical tools at 0.05 level of significance was utilized. Results of the investigation reveal that autocratic leadership style was positively correlated with students’ academic performance. The study recommends that the application of autocratic leadership style by principals has the capacity of increasing the level of students’ academic performance.

MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT EKOLOGIS KULTURAL UNTUK PENYELAMATAN MATA AIR DI KOTA BATU

The construction of the hotel that was opposed by the users of water resource triggered the emergence of social movement. While inititating movement, they initiated the programs of community empowerment as well. It means that the community empowerment is one of strategies of movement. Then, besides focusing on cultural activities, the other activities are the optimization of youth potentials and the care about community activities. In this context, the ecological cultural is joined by the other community interests. This strategy is effective because the empowerment stimulated the development of social network and local culture. The critic of this empowerment is culture is not a central of activities. The culture is still used as instrument for the conservation of environment. This stance is always questioned and criticized by the environmental and cultural activists in Malang Town. This article will describe the model of cultural ecological empowerment in Batu City that is described from the emergence of community empowerment, the forms of the community empowerment, the form of social changes after interventions, and the strengths and weaknesses of this empowerment. This article utilized the descriptive research method with ethnographical approach. Meanwhile, the used sampling is purposive sampling with eight subjects of research are activists of Nawakalam Gemulo, community based organization in Cangar Hamlet, Bulukerto Village, Batu City.

MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT EKOLOGIS KULTURAL UNTUK PENYELAMATAN MATA AIR DI KOTA BATU

The construction of the hotel that was opposed by the users of water resource triggered the emergence of social movement. While inititating movement, they initiated the programs of community empowerment as well. It means that the community empowerment is one of strategies of movement. Then, besides focusing on cultural activities, the other activities are the optimization of youth potentials and the care about community activities. In this context, the ecological cultural is joined by the other community interests. This strategy is effective because the empowerment stimulated the development of social network and local culture. The critic of this empowerment is culture is not a central of activities. The culture is still used as instrument for the conservation of environment. This stance is always questioned and criticized by the environmental and cultural activists in Malang Town. This article will describe the model of cultural ecological empowerment in Batu City that is described from the emergence of community empowerment, the forms of the community empowerment, the form of social changes after interventions, and the strengths and weaknesses of this empowerment. This article utilized the descriptive research method with ethnographical approach. Meanwhile, the used sampling is purposive sampling with eight subjects of research are activists of Nawakalam Gemulo, community based organization in Cangar Hamlet, Bulukerto Village, Batu City.

HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES OF HOSPITALITY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The aim of the work. The article examines the essence of the hospitality concept. It determines the main historical principles of its development in the territory of Kyivan Rus, outlining the influence of the Christian tradition on the Ukrainian hospitality formation. The methodology of research. To conduct the study such methods as analytical; systemic; historical; logical; culturological were applied. The scientific novelty is a systematic study of the hospitality’s historical principles development as a socio-cultural phenomenon in Ukraine. Conclusions. Hospitality as a sociocultural phenomenon is a specific moral behavior model of a certain ethnic community members based on the system of its customs and rituals, morality norms and law. For many centuries adherering to its own traditions in the ordinary, ritual and everyday spheres of activity, every ethnos creates a system of advantages that penetrate into an everyday life, stipulating certain standards of the utilitarian behavior. Ethnic and national features of hospitality and its functioning are predetermined by a heterogeneous level of the the social culture development in different regions of the world and by the influence of local customs, rituals and tastes.

Longitudinal study of religiosity and mental health of adolescents with psychiatric problems. The TRAILS study

PurposeThis study used longitudinal data to examine the influence of the religiosity of pre-adolescents with psychiatric problems on the course of mental health during adolescence. MethodsIn the TRAILS clinical cohort of 543 pre-adolescents (10–12 years), mental health problems were assessed using self-report at baseline, T2 (12–14 years), T3 (14–17 years), and T4 (17–21 years). The Youth Self Report (YSR) was used at baseline, T2, and T3, and the Adult Self Report (ASR) was used at T4. Religiosity was assessed at baseline using self-report and information from mothers and fathers, resulting in three categorical religiosity variables and six SOCON (Social Cultural Developments Questionnaire) religiosity scales that assess religiosity in greater detail. Repeated measure ANOVA analyses were performed for each independent religiosity variable with internalizing and externalizing problem behavior as dependent variables, gender as a factor and time (T1, T2, T3 and T4) as within factor. Results were adjusted for marital status of parents and socioeconomic status and corrected for multiple testing. ResultsThere were main effects of the self-report SOCON scale “Humanistic beliefs” and gender and gender “by Humanistic beliefs” interaction effect on internalizing problems. Follow-up tests revealed that among females “high” scores on “Humanistic beliefs” were associated with increased internalizing problems. ConclusionsThere were hardly any associations between religiosity and mental health in a clinical cohort of pre-adolescents up to adolescence. The exception being that among females strong humanistic beliefs were associated with internalizing problems. Implications of these findings are discussed.

How to Succeed with Film Production in the Regions?

Abstract This article explores what two regional film production companies in Norway do to survive and succeed with their goals. The production of feature films in Norway is largely an Oslo-based effort, but despite this reality, there are companies in the regions that produce feature films. The analysis draws on semi-structured interviews with eight employees in two companies. Mer Film has in relatively short time managed to attract talented directors and establish networks with international, critically acclaimed production companies. Filmbin was one of the first film companies in Norway who committed themselves to the production of films for children. The article shows that success must be related to context and that reputation, talent development and choice of genre, geographical location, networking and social capital, risk diversification, entrepreneurship, organizational culture and leadership, are essential factors for the companies.

Historiography of agricultural modernization problem of Russia from the second part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century

The Russian history from the second part of 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century is a very significant period for the development of the country. One can say that at that time peasant community faced globalization challenge. Agricultural problem was a key issue, which penetrated the whole period bringing up political controversies, ideological strives, success in economical development, starvation in 1891, reforms and revolutions 80-90th of the 19th century were critical for the whole epoch as unsolved peasant issue at that moment was one of the reasons of revolutionary upheavals of the 20th century. For the last twenty-five years the study of different sides of peasant community life has progressed really far and has broken new ground. It is necessary to single out that this progress has been done due to extensive capabilities, which started in the soviet time as well as to the prerevolutionary study of this question. We single out following areas of focus in modern researches which form the problem of modernization of the agricultural sphere from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Firstly, it is the policy to peasant community and race because of the governmental deal. Then it is a huge amount of works dedicated to social-economical village development - peasant autonomy, farming and landed property, land market development, productivity of land, condition of labor force, cooperation problem and development of peasant industry, financial issue of the peasant community. Traditionally social-cultural development of the village is in the great demand including popular education, common law for peasants and the evolution of the peasant family.

Research on the Development of Modern Design Under the Society Culture Context

This thesis attempts from the social cultural point of view, to re-examine the development of modern design. Through this perspective, the author discusses the definition, method, function and purpose of modern design in different social cultural development periods. And attempts to explore the meaning of today's design from the perspective of social culture. It is concluded that design itself has evolved from one kind of behavior to one culture, which affects the way of human society from product to all levels of society. Modern design and social mass culture both promote each other and influence each other, and finally form the impetus on the development of human society. The thesis also discusses the problems and the cognitive bottlenecks encountered of China design today.

CONTENT FEATURES OF TOLERANCE IN STUDENTS

The article deals with the problem of tolerance in the aspect of its substantial features in the Russian students. The student's period is a further development of the individual in the direction of expansion of representations about social competence, development of social interaction culture, respect for different social groups. The character of the empirically identified intergroup similarity is determined by the age-specific features of studentship as a youth group, a crucial age of the tasks associated with interpersonal and intergenerational communication, political apathy, lack of interest in the field of ethno-cultural social reality. It is shown that tolerance as respect, acceptance and appreciation of other cultures, ways of expression and manifestation of the human personality of the students is fully formed. It is revealed that in the structure of tolerance of students ethical, cognitive, affective components predominate, the least represented components being conative, need-motivation, active, stylistic, identificational and group ones. It was found out that content of tolerance is characterized by regional specificity as environmental factor.

PERCEPTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN'S PERSPECTIVES ON JAPANESE SUPERHEROES: A STUDY ON THE WAYS CHILDREN IN SINGAPORE APPROPRIATE MEDIA CULTURES RELATED TO JAPAN

INTRODUCTION:In this new digital media age, children face significant new opportunities of encountering different cultures. Engagement with global media texts and artefacts not only involves a complex intersection of visual images and information, ideas and narratives across an array of multimodal formats, but also offers opportunities for children to be creative and knowledge producers. In other words, children are not merely consumers of media texts; they are actively engaged in a range of activities - fantasies, make believe play, drawing, writing and other forms of meaning-making - reflecting, incorporating and commenting on these media texts. Some of these activities involve the purchase of particular media products - for example branded toys or games - others such as role-play, drawing or storytelling. Children as storytellers, players and artists draw upon familiar elements from media narratives to create their own meanings.The world of Japan is one that attracts them and they are exposed to Japanese initiatives through superheroes to face the challenges posed by this new mediated global environment. Japanese cultural products can shape not only how the child thinks about herself, but how she relates to others and the Japanese society at large. Interestingly, Japan has a segment of her popular culture devoted to fantastic stories about individuals or characters with superhuman powers. These stories tell of heroes with strengths that children may identify with in the hope becoming as successful as these characters. It then becomes imperative to understand how these heroes play an important role in shaping children's media cultures. To understand this phenomenon, a study was designed to provide evidence-based insights to inform current understanding on children's media cultures in Malaysia and Singapore with regard to favourite and influential Japanese superheroes. This study gave insights on the ways Japanese Superheroes were incorporated in their growth as young people.PROJECT FRAMEWORK AND DESIGN:This study addresses the various ways in which children engage with the Japanese superhero narrative that cross media boundaries - comic books (manga), animated television shows and films (anime), video games, toys and other design products (stickers, posters, accessories, stationery). The work of (Buckingham, 2008) and (Fox, 1993) are helpful in developing our understanding of how children use superhero stories to make sense of their world and how these stories develop skills that are key to their social-cultural development. Paley (1984) argues that young children construct stories based on superheroes in order to explore inner fantasies of control and empowerment over their environment. Media culture can further be a site for exploring some of the most powerful elements of our psyches (Kress, 2003), (Muramatsu, 2002) and the discourses of superheroes can be particularly appealing for young children who are constantly involved in exploring oppositional binaries of right and wrong, good and evil, male and female ( (Dyson, 1996); (Davies, 1997).The research works by (Clerkin, 2012), (Yamato, et al., 2011) and (Martin, 2007) highlight that other than ideological values and mythic elements, research on superhero narratives also reveal three main impacts on the children's media cultures:(i) Bringing children from different countries and cultural contexts together;(ii) Allowing superhero narratives and media practices to cross borders to children's other lifestyle interests in fashion, design, music and toys products;(iii) Enhancing intellectual and creative development, helping children in their learning, specifically as creators and meaning-makers in media literacy and skills development.The superhero genre in very broad terms can be seen as narratives, encompassing stories of action and adventure in which the main protagonist uses some form of supernatural power in order to overcome one or several antagonists. …

Cause Analysis of the Secondary Mountain Disaster Chain in Wenchuan Earthquake

Earthquakes and their secondary disaster chains are often destructive. It poses a great threat to the social development, economic development and cultural development by studying the typical disaster chains in the 5.12 major earthquakes in 2008. This paper analysis of its universal causes and summarizes characteristics of the disaster to prevent and control the harm caused by earthquakes and their secondary disaster chain more effectively is the urgent need of I in the contemporary society. In order to study the causes of the mountain secondary disaster chain, with the typical secondary mountain disaster chain of the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of disasters using field investigation, remote sensing technology, the method of data analysis. The study found that the typical disaster chains of Landslide - Debris flow – Dammed Lake, Earthquake – Landslide – Dammed Lake – Debris flow are affected by topography and geomorphology. At the same time, it is also related to precipitation, accumulation bodies and other factors. Ginkgo Mozigou located in Chaping mountains The relative height difference is very large, very steep. A series of secondary disasters are caused by heavy rainfall and a large amount of debris accumulation the dam on the river at Shikan home, close to the two fault zones. The slump accumulation bodies slow down in the whole shape.

Analisis Yuridis Normatif dan Hukum Islam Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 30-74/PUU-XII/2014 Tentang Batas Usia Perkawinan Anak (Perempuan)

Islam knows no age limits, the foundation in this case is strong enough for the Prophet of Islam himself married Siti Aisyah at the age of 6 years. so from the point of view of Islamic law looks no gap. but Islam does not stress if the condition is in a state of emergency can be changed law will follow the situation. The Court rejected the applicant's judicial review, the Court assesses the applicant's argument is groundless and rejected applicants for all. Judges consider that the need for an age limit for women in particular adapted to many aspects, such as health, social, cultural, and economic. In fact, there is no guarantee an increase in the age limit for women to marry from 15 to 18 years would reduce the divorce rate, tackling health problems, as well as other social issues. To prevent child marriage is a big issue, according to the Court not only by the limitations of age alone. There is a possibility, if it is based on various aspects of the development of social economy, culture, and technology, 18 years of age can be lower or even higher.

РОЛЬ МАРКЕТИНГУ В РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ПРИКОРДОННОГО РЕГІОНУ: ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

Окреслено пріоритетні напрями розвитку сільських територій у руслі політки європейської інтеграції України. Доведено необхідність впровадження сучасних управлінських технологій у практику діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування сільських територіальних громад України. Першочерговий акцент зроблено на сільських територіях прикордонних регіонів України, які найбільш відчутно стикаються із сучасними викликами європейської інтеграції нашої держави. Відзначено необхідність забезпечувати першочерговий розвиток маркетингу сільських територій у прикордонних регіонах України в таких ключових напрямах: інституційно–економічному, інформаційно–управлінському, соціально–культуральному. На цій основі здійснено систематизації основних завдань розвитку маркетингу сільських територій прикордонних регіонів України у кожній із трьох окреслених площин, відповідно до основних викликів сучасного етапу європейської інтеграції України. Розроблено пропозиції для органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування України, в яких першочергове значення відведене начально–освітній та інформаційно–консалтинговій компонентам з метою підвищення якості управлінської підготовки працівників органів місцевого самоврядування сільських територіальних громад у прикордонних регіонах України. Показано, що більшості європейських урядів довелося відмовитися від надміру витратної системи прямої бюджетної підтримки сільсько­господарських товаровиробників. Замість цього було впроваджено механізм фінансових субсидій, спрямований, насамперед, на стимулювання інновацій в аграрному секторі економіки, а також на ведення екологічно безпечного сільського господарства. Крім того, суттєво зросла частка витрат на розвиток інфраструктури сільських територій та фінансування програм соціально–культурного розвитку села. Аналізуючи особливості функціонування інституційно–правового механізму реалізації спільної аграрної політики ЄС, відзначено, що в ЄС дедалі частіше організаційною платформою для здійснення заходів з розвитку сільськогосподарського виробництва стають не стільки фермерські господарства чи агрокорпорації, скільки сільські території та сільські громади загалом. Перспективою подальших наукових досліджень у руслі окресленої проблематики є виявлення резервів нарощування людського потенціалу сільських територій в умовах поглиблення європейської інтеграції України

Формы и методы проведения преобразований в ходе аграрной реформы

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of economic and industrial complexes to improve the welfare of our country. It is necessary to improve the targeting of support from the state, the central government, in order to overcome the uneven social and economic and cultural development of rural areas, ways to improve the effectiveness of management decisions and support of rural areas. Grants are required to serve the development of small businesses in the agricultural sector and to strengthen farmers.

Pedagogical Conditions of Development of Social Worker Communication Culture in Post-Qualifying Training

The paper addresses the problem of underdeveloped communication culture of social workers in Ukraine. The term of ‘social worker communication culture’ has been defined and its components have been listed. The criteria, parameters and development levels of social worker communication culture have been examined. Summative assessment has shown through the combination of quantitative and qualitative data analyses that communication culture of social workers in Ukraine should be improved urgently. The pedagogical conditions of social worker communication culture development and the suggested methodology have been substantiated and verified in a post-qualifying training. The obtained results can be of help when designing the training programmes for social workers in the Social Welfare System in Ukraine and other developing countries undergoing social and economic reforms.

On the way to «Bibliodawn»

The article discusses such action to support reading as «Biblionight». It considers topics of libraries participation in forming modern social-cultural space and development of librarians professional competencies.

Quality Assurance in Teacher Education

Teachers are the crucial elements in preparing young people not only to face the future with confidence not build it with purpose and accountability. Education is a dynamic process of human development and empowerment. Teacher education has been widely advocated as the single important ingredient in the economic, social and political and cultural development of developing/developed society. Teacher without quality can be judged as a man without mind. Quality of teacher education depends basically on a number of factors such as infrastructure, learning environment curriculum, teaching learning materials (TLM) and teacher's participation with demand of changing society Quality enhancement in teacher education is a deliberate process of change that leads to improvement. In academic problem two teams are often used namely “Quality Assessment and quality assurance”. They are like two sides of a coin. The formen refers to the internal and external evaluation used to assess the overall teaching research performance of the institution. There is a need for teachers in community health, guidance and counselling, research strategies, competitions personal development and student support services.

Conversations and Memory Processes: A Commentary

SummaryThis commentary on Salmon and Reese lauds the efforts of the authors to explain the significance of parent–child conversations about negative events and experiences for children's subsequent memory for them. Salmon and Reese place their review in the context of theories of social–cultural development and attachment relationships, perspectives essential to understanding the development of skilled remembering. This commentary elaborates on Salmon and Reese's analysis by focusing on the basic processes involved in memory formation and later retrieval, with special emphasis on those that contribute to forgetting. The analysis further elucidates the myriad ways that parent–child conversations influence children's memory. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.