Social Considerations Research Articles

Fostering Resilience: The Symbiotic Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Sustainability

This study explores the intersection of entrepreneurship and sustainability, focusing on how businesses can integrate environmental, social, and cultural considerations into their operations to drive sustainable development. By examining the role of sustainable entrepreneurship, the research highlights the transformative potential of integrating the triple bottom- line framework, which encompasses economic prosperity, environmental stewardship, and social equity. The study utilises qualitative methods, including case studies and theoretical analysis, to investigate how entrepreneurial ventures can achieve competitive advantages through sustainable practices. Key findings reveal that businesses with high entrepreneurial orientation marked by innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness are more likely to implement sustainable strategies contributing to long- term economic growth and societal well-being. The research underscores the importance of a holistic approach that balances economic, environmental, social, and cultural dimensions, emphasising the need for businesses to align their strategies with sustainable development goals to ensure resilience and relevance in a rapidly changing global landscape.

Literacy And Artificial Intelligence: Applications And Concerns

Background: The intersection of literacy and Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for education. AI can significantly enhance literacy by offering personalized learning approaches, automated assessments, and diverse educational applications. In this paper, specific examples of AI's role in literacy are provided, alongside discussions of challenges such as reduced human interaction and the risk of perpetuating educational inequalities. Emphasizing the ethical and social considerations in developing and using AI in education is crucial. Materials and Methods: Our research falls under exploratory studies and aimed to capture the current state in the field of Primary and Secondary Education educators regarding Artificial Intelligence. It was conducted through data collection via an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to all school units in the country through the Primary and Secondary Education Directorates in December 2023. Data were collected through the Google Form platform, and statistical processing was done using SPSS 28. The research sample was formed from the voluntary participation of N=1736 educators. A unique aspect of our research was that after the demographic information, participants were asked not to proceed with completing the questionnaire if they answered "Not at all" to question A1: How well do you know what Artificial Intelligence is? Thus, the first data showed that 51% of the participating educators knew nothing about AI, while 49% knew a little, a lot, or very much. After filtering out incomplete questionnaires, our sample was N=866, and data processing was based on this. Results: Our research aimed to explore educators' perceptions regarding the application of AI in literacy development and to identify the key factors influencing these perceptions. The theoretical framework highlighted the potential benefits of AI in education, such as personalized learning, automated assessment, and increased student engagement. Our findings largely align with this framework, indicating that educators recognize the positive effects of AI, particularly in areas such as efficient teaching methods and enhanced learning. Conclusion: The conclusion highlights the importance of harnessing AI for literacy development while fostering students' critical thinking to mitigate potential negative impacts. Initial findings from exploratory research on AI in education are also presented.

Employers’ Perspective of Hiring Child Domestic Workers Rather Than Adult Workers

Domestic child labor has remained a pervasive and pressing issue in many parts of the world for a long, despite various actions and efforts to have been made to combat it globally. Child domestic labor in Pakistan remains a deeply entrenched and concerning issue, characterized by multifaceted challenges that significantly impact the lives of countless children. Child domestic labor persists due to a complex interplay of factors, including poverty, lack of opportunities and cultural norms, among others. This study aims to clarify the reasons behind child domestic work and address the various dimensions of this problem through a comprehensive investigation. This qualitative study was conducted to precisely identify the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of employers' preference for hiring child domestic workers (CDWs) over adult workers. A sample of 15 respondents was drawn from the specific localities of Lahore. Primary data was collected through an interview guide and analyzed thematically for results and coherent discussion. The study reveals the intricate web of factors that underpin this preference, highlighting the economic, social, and practical considerations that shape the lives of both employers and CDWs. Furthermore, the study explores the need for clear legislation to address child labor misconceptions.

Can an AI-carebot be filial? Reflections from Confucian ethics.

This article discusses the application of artificially intelligent robots within eldercare and explores a series of ethical considerations, including the challenges that AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology poses to traditional Chinese Confucian filial piety. From the perspective of Confucian ethics, the paper argues that robots cannot adequately fulfill duties of care. Due to their detachment from personal relationships and interactions, the "emotions" of AI robots are merely performative reactions in different situations, rather than actual emotional abilities. No matter how "humanized" robots become, it is difficult to establish genuine empathy and a meaningful relationship with them for this reason. Even so, we acknowledge that AI robots are a significant tool in managing the demands of elder care and the growth of care poverty, and as such, we attempt to outline some parameters within which care robotics could be acceptable within a Confucian ethical system. Finally, the paper discusses the social impact and ethical considerations brought on by the interaction between humans and machines. It is observed that the relationship between humans and technology has always had both utopian and dystopian aspects, and robotic elder care is no exception. AI caregiver robots will likely become a part of elder care, and the transformation of these robots from "service providers" to "companions" seems inevitable. In light of this, the application of AI-augmented robotic elder care will also eventually change our understanding of interpersonal relationships and traditional requirements of filial piety.

Establishing Sustainable Education for Fashion and Textiledesign According to the SDG

Objective: This study aimed to integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into fashion and textile industry education. It sought to connect the supply chain and address the growing demand for sustainability in the industry through interdisciplinary solutions. Theoretical Framework: Several key theoretical concepts and models were grounded. The SDGs provided a broad framework for integrating environmental, ethical, and social considerations into industry practices. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory was used to understand how economic, environmental, and social dimensions could be balanced in the fashion and textile industry. Additionally, Stakeholder Theory was employed to analyze the interactions between academic institutions and industry supply chains. Method: A qualitative analysis was employed, focusing on how sustainable development was practiced in architectural education. Industry professionals were interviewed to understand industry experiences and needs. A literature review method was used to systematically collect, assess, and synthesize existing research findings. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that fashion and textile colleges needed to establish teaching methods guided by the SDGs. Both academic and supply chain responses were positive, highlighting the potential and feasibility of this teaching model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical significance of this study was discussed, providing insights into how the research findings could be applied or impact sustainable teaching models. These implications could endow designers with necessary sustainability knowledge, skills, and tools in education, strengthen the connection between the supply chain and academia, and enhance interdisciplinary collaboration to drive the fashion and textile industry towards greater sustainability and circularity. Originality/Value: This study contributed to the literature by collecting and synthesizing existing research findings. It demonstrated the value and relevance of the research by guiding academic and supply chain cooperation and enhancing interdisciplinary integration with the SDGs.

Роль соціально відповідального маркетингу в забезпеченні стратегічного розвитку підприємства

In the contemporary business landscape, integrating socially responsible marketing into enterprise strategies is increasingly recognized as a critical factor for sustainable development. This article delves into the essential role that socially responsible marketing plays in ensuring the strategic development of an enterprise, highlighting its impact on long-term viability and competitiveness. Socially responsible marketing involves incorporating ethical, social, and environmental considerations into marketing practices, fostering a more holistic approach to business development. As consumers become more conscious of the ethical implications of their purchasing decisions, enterprises that prioritize socially responsible marketing are better positioned to build trust, customer retention, and a more substantial market presence. Furthermore, the article explores the role of SRM in driving the strategic development of enterprises. By emphasizing sustainability and social responsibility, businesses are encouraged to develop new products and processes that minimize environmental impact and address societal needs. Moreover, socially responsible marketing fosters strong relationships with stakeholders, including investors, communities, and regulatory bodies. Transparent communication and genuine efforts to address social and environmental issues help build stakeholder trust and support, which are crucial for long-term strategic sustainability. This positive stakeholder engagement also mitigates risks and enhances the enterprise’s ability to navigate complex environments. In conclusion, integrating socially responsible marketing into the strategic development of an enterprise is not merely a trend but a fundamental component of modern business practice. Socially responsible marketing supports the sustainable development of an enterprise by aligning economic, social, and environmental goals, thereby creating a competitive advantage and ensuring long-term success. As businesses continue to evolve in response to global challenges, the adoption of socially responsible marketing will be essential for maintaining relevance and achieving strategic objectives. Keywords: enterprise development, strategic development, sustainable development of an enterprise, development strategy, strategic sustainability, social responsibility, socially responsible marketing, enterprise.

Perspectives on conducting "sex-normalising" intersex surgeries conducted in infancy: A systematic review.

Children with intersex variations continue to be subject to elective, irreversible, "sex-normalising" surgical interventions, despite multiple human rights and legislative bodies calling for their prohibition. Our systematic review aims to understand how medical literature reports rationales for "sex-normalising" surgical interventions conducted in childhood, and how they are contextualised within the medical and social controversy surrounding such interventions. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for English language, peer-reviewed articles reporting primary data on elective, genital, "sex-normalising" surgical interventions conducted on individuals <10 years, published 01/07/2006-30/06/2023 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023460871). Data on outcomes reported, rationale for the conduct and timing of interventions and acknowledgement of controversy were extracted. Narrative synthesis described rationales and controversy. Risk of bias was assessed using Johanna Briggs Institute Tools. 11,042 records were retrieved, with 71 articles included for analysis. One of the most common outcomes collected in included literature were cosmetic outcomes, primarily reported by surgeons or parents. 62.0% of studies reported no rationale for intervention timing, 39.4% reported no rationale for conduct and 52.1% acknowledged no controversy in intervention conduct. Rationales included parental desire for intervention, anatomical/functional/cosmetic reasons, and a perceived goal of aligning with sex assigned by surgical teams or parents. Controversies addressed included concerns about the quality of interventions, the ethics of intervention conduct and gendered and social considerations. "Sex-normalising" interventions are conducted based largely on rationales that were not adequately supported by evidence, a desire from parents and surgeons to match genital cosmesis typically ascribed to male and female bodies, and a parental desire for intervention conduct. Legislating and medical regulatory bodies should advocate for ending the conduct of irreversible, elective, "sex-normalising" interventions conducted without the full, free and informed consent of the person concerned, to promote and protect the highest attainable standard of health for people with intersex variations.

Gaining Traction on Social Aspects of E-Biking: A Scoping Review

E-biking is alluring for its various physical, environmental, and financial benefits and the ability to travel farther and faster, and being physically easier to ride than astride an analog (traditional) bicycle. E-bikes are also a source of controversy, especially in places where analog bicycles have been allowed but e-bikes represent a “slippery slope” of technology permissions and/or in situations where the function of e-bikes may increase concerns about safety. Despite an increase in use and conversation about such use, academic literature focused on e-bikes’ social aspects remains sparse. The objective of this work is to describe the existing literature on the characteristics of social aspects of e-biking, particularly in leisure contexts. Analyzing the literature on e-bike social research is crucial considering e-bikes’ rapid rise in popularity and potential effects on access, inclusion, leisure, and sustainability. As e-bike prevalence and use increases worldwide, it is important to understand what topics characterize the existing e-bike literature, and, particularly in leisure-focused studies, to ascertain where studies may lend insight toward aims of inclusive and sustainable access, and related policy considerations. The Integrated Recreation Amenities Framework (IRAF) provides a conceptual framework for considering this question, as it focuses on the topical, spatial, and temporal scales of outdoor leisure-related activities toward sustainable conditions and explicitly provides an opportunity for emergent and case-specific factors to be considered alongside established ones. In this work, we explore the following: (1) How are e-bikes discussed across disciplines? and (2) How are e-bikes discussed in leisure-focused articles? Using a scoping review approach, we analyzed a corpus of 279 peer-reviewed articles relevant to the social aspects of e-bikes. Primarily using the IRAF for conceptual framing, our results center the geographies and contexts, topical areas, interdisciplinarity, and emergent additional social considerations of e-biking in general and in leisure-specific studies. The results enable us to connect interdisciplinary topic discussions and suggest where foundational and connective studies are warranted. This can inform decision making related to e-bike adoption, encourage multi-scalar thinking, and extend interdisciplinary research.

Imagining Just and Sustainable Food Futures: Using Interactive Visualizations to Explore the Possible Land Uses and Food Systems Approaches in Revelstoke, Canada

Food systems are linked to multiple critical sustainability issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, and growing socioeconomic inequalities, and there is a clear need for transformative changes in how food systems are imagined and enacted. For transformations to occur, local governments and stakeholders must be able to consider achievable and desirable futures that involve radically different reconfigurations of space and land use. Based in Revelstoke, Canada, this study uses interactive visualization methods to engage local government and food systems stakeholders in an exploration of three future food systems scenarios that center on changes in food supply, food affordability, and food governance. An interactive visualization tool was developed using the Unity3D game engine, which visualizes how transformations of an underutilized railway site in Revelstoke may appear in 2100. The visualizations were presented to the study participants (n = 10) through an online, Zoom-based workshop, where ‘walkthroughs’ of the scenarios were performed by the researchers and the participants subsequently provided feedback. The results of this study indicate that visualization tools can elicit emotional responses, convey human relationships with food and nature, communicate power dynamics, and incorporate social justice considerations. The results also show that the visualization’s representation of local infrastructure and services, the completeness of a virtual environment, and the plausibility of a depicted future affect the user assessment of the visualized scenarios.

Energy justice and sustainable urban renewal: A systematic review of low-income old town communities

Improving living conditions, quality of public services and social safety nets in blighted and underdeveloped urban areas also are important aspects of urban renewal. In another way, achieving sustainable urban development requires more improvements. Equity, sustainability, and universality are core principles of sustainable development and should be integrated into urban renewal strategies. For instance, urban renewal in old town areas presents multiple challenges, including balancing public investment needs, social justice considerations, and environmental impacts. Studies have shown that inequalities often arise during implementation, disproportionately affecting low-income residents in old town areas. While energy justice is a key concept for reducing these inequalities during renewal process, however existing frameworks lack a multi-dimensional approach. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework that combines sustainable development with energy justice principles during the renewal of old town areas. This framework aims to achieve equitable and sustainable development outcomes in renewal of old urban areas by systematically examining the unequal impacts on low-income groups and proposing equitable energy services and inclusive policies. The proposed equity evaluation framework includes two key components: 1) Main factors in existing renewal strategies, which include equitable access to energy resources, sustainable energy systems, affordability, and public participation. 2) Criteria for refining energy justice evaluation framework, which include accessibility, energy efficiency, community participation, and policy coordination. The research emphasizes the importance of fairness in providing affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy opportunities within urban renewal initiatives. This focus can provide rational perspective and reference for decision makers, thereby empowering vulnerable groups, giving equitable energy access and contributing to achieve sustainable urban development.

Advancements in Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming Models and Solution Approaches for Sustainable Waste Management Practices in Vehicle Routing Problem: A Systematic Literature Review

In recent years, the integration of sustainable principles into the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for efficient waste management has gained significant attention. This paper provides an overview of advancements in multi-objective mathematical programming (MP) models and the optimization techniques for sustainable waste management practices within the VRP framework. Sustainable waste management practices in the context of the VRP involve optimizing routes and schedules aim to reduce the environmental impact of waste collection. It investigates the integration of multi-objectives with sustainability criteria, including social, economic, and environmental considerations. Furthermore, it surveys various optimization methodologies applied in waste management to enhance efficiency and sustainability practices. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was employed as a formal systematic review guideline for data gathering. Data was obtained from studies conducted between 2017 and 2023. The analysis included a total of 18 papers from online sources and databases. Based on the literature review, it has been observed that the majority of the research focused on employing Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models to tackle the optimization problem for waste management. The literature survey demonstrated significant contributions in computational performance, cost-effectiveness, operational efficiency, and utilization of real-world data by improving the solution approaches, aiming to prioritize economic, social, and environmentally friendly solutions. The paper aims to serve as a convenient reference for researchers and practitioners seeking information on using the MP model and solution approaches to optimize VRP for waste management.

Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in Biomedical Data Science.

The rapidly growing scale and variety of biomedical data repositories raise important privacy concerns. Conventional frameworks for collecting and sharing human subject data offer limited privacy protection, often necessitating the creation of data silos. Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) promise to safeguard these data and broaden their usage by providing means to share and analyze sensitive data while protecting privacy. Here, we review prominent PETs and illustrate their role in advancing biomedicine. We describe key use cases of PETs and their latest technical advances and highlight recent applications of PETs in a range of biomedical domains. We conclude by discussing outstanding challenges and social considerations that need to be addressed to facilitate a broader adoption of PETs in biomedical data science.

Defining Death: Toward a Biological and Ethical Synthesis

Much of the debate over the definition and criteria for determining our death has focused on disagreement over the correct biological account of death, i.e., what it means for any organism to die. In this paper, we argue that this exclusive focus on the biology of death is misguided, because it ignores ethical and social factors that bear on the acceptability of criteria for determining our death. We propose that attention shift from strictly biological considerations to ethical and social considerations that bear on the determination of what we call “civil death.” We argue for acceptance of a neurological criterion for determining death on grounds that it is the most reasonable way to synthesize biological, ethical, and social considerations about our death..

Complexity in low-carbon transitions: Uncertainty and policy implications

We explore the uncertain dimension induced by the complexity of energy systems, analyzing whether and under which conditions low-carbon transitions can effectively take place. By accounting for social and environmental considerations, heterogeneous single utility-maximizing agents optimally decide whether to adopt a green technology which reduces carbon emissions, allowing eventually for a green energy transition. We characterize the determinants of the success of such a transition, emphasizing that even if the favorable conditions are met the low-carbon transition may not result in long run environmental improvements due to the path-dependency and metastability phenomena which characterize the complexity arising from agents’ interactions. Public policy may solve these issues by increasing the incentive for single individuals to adopt, ensuring thus the achievement of a permanent low-carbon state. By extending the analysis to a spatial network characterized by multiplexity due to the social and environmental interconnections, we show that spatial interactions negatively affect agents’ adoption incentive and reduce the effectiveness of public policy by interacting in a complex way with path-dependency and metastability. In particular, spatial interactions may require a larger subsidy to support a permanent low-carbon transition, thus neglecting their effects on agents’ behavior and environmental outcomes may compromise our chances to achieve a greener future.

Evolving Environmental Regulations in Response to Climate Change

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. Preliminary empirical review revealed that that environmental regulations needed to be flexible and adaptive to remain effective amidst the rapidly changing climate landscape. It found that static regulatory frameworks were insufficient for addressing the complexities of climate change and highlighted the necessity for regulations to be updated regularly based on the latest scientific and technological advancements. Additionally, it emphasized that the success of these regulations depended on strong institutional capacities, effective enforcement, and international cooperation to ensure comprehensive and impactful responses to global climate challenges. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Environmental Regulation and Policy Change, Theory of Ecological Modernization and Theory of Policy Feedback may be used to anchor future studies on evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. The study recommended that environmental regulations be designed with built-in flexibility to adapt to new scientific knowledge and technological advancements. It suggested enhancing institutional capacities by improving funding, training, and enforcement mechanisms. The study advocated for increased collaboration among stakeholders and greater international cooperation to create a unified regulatory framework. It also emphasized the importance of integrating economic and social considerations into regulatory design, supporting innovation, and ensuring transparency and inclusivity in policy-making processes. These recommendations aimed to improve the effectiveness of climate regulations and foster a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to addressing climate change.

Secure environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data management for construction projects using blockchain

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations are increasingly becoming imperative and obligatory across various industries. The ESG performance within the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is under heightened market scrutiny. However, current ESG management in construction is still in its infancy due to two limitations: (1) a deficiency in ESG knowledge, such as indicators pertinent to construction activities, and (2) a lack of data security in ESG management, culminating in inefficient and unreliable environmental management practices. Therefore, this paper employs the Design Science Research Method (DSRM) to introduce a Blockchain-ESG Integrated (BESGI) framework, facilitating traceable ESG data management within construction projects. This framework presents three significant contributions. First, it identifies ten AEC-ESG indicators by analyzing ESG methods. Second, it proposes a mapping approach for AEC-ESG indicators to construction projects for key ESG information access and data source identification. Third, it develops a blockchain-based data management mechanism for traceable ESG data management in the BESGI framework. It validates and evaluates the framework in a construction project in Hong Kong. The results show that the framework is usable and can save labor costs by 20.15 % compared to traditional ESG management. This study offers a secure data management solution for ESG analysis of construction projects.

The Impact of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) Considerations on Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions: Strategies for Value Creation

The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations in corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;A) has gained significant traction as companies recognize the strategic value of sustainability in dealmaking. This paper explores how ESG factors can be incorporated into M&amp;A strategies to drive value creation, meet regulatory requirements, and enhance corporate reputation. Leveraging improved data and tracking methods, the study highlights the increasing importance of ESG in M&amp;A, presenting a comprehensive analysis of environmental, social, and governance factors and their impact on M&amp;A processes. Through case studies and an analytical framework, the research provides insights into the benefits and challenges of ESG integration, offering recommendations for companies aiming to achieve successful and sustainable M&amp;A outcomes.

English as a language of preference in mathematics learning: perspectives from high school learners in township contexts

The exploration of language preference among mathematics learners in multilingual contexts remains a significant area of study. The aim of this study is to identify the most effective linguistic tools that contribute to the academic achievement of secondary school learners in mathematics. This study specifically examines English as a preferred language for mathematics instruction among high school learners in a Soshanguve community in the Tshwane West District of South Africa. It investigates the attitudes of mathematics learners towards the use of English as the medium of instruction and the reasons for their preference for learning mathematics in English. The study uses a non-experimental quantitative descriptive survey with a sample of 101 high school mathematics learners. Data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire conducted on paper. The primary data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that English is the preferred language for learning mathematics. The study also demonstrates that the inclination towards the English language among high school learners is driven by factors such as pedagogical, social, linguistic competence, and economic considerations. The research findings suggest that the use of English as the medium of instruction is crucial for the acquisition and achievement of mathematics skills. This is because learners' indigenous African languages are inadequate as a medium of instruction in mathe­matics classroom conversations among high school learners. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Basic Education and mathematics educators should enhance learners' English language competence by implementing intense and enriched language programmes.

From Compliance to Capability: On the Role of Data and Technology in Environment, Social, and Governance

The importance of Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations for businesses has evolved from compliance to a strategic imperative. This shift is driven by increased investor scrutiny, reputation and brand value impact, talent attraction, innovation stimulation, community relations, and global regulatory requirements. At the same time, the ESG regulations and policies, related technological landscape, and market trends are continuously changing. It is, therefore no longer tenable for firms to stick to a minimalistic approach of ESG regulatory box-ticking ‘compliance’; instead, it is becoming increasingly critical to develop ESG ‘capabilities’ that help firms to seamlessly and proactively adapt themselves to the changing environment and even turning it into new (strategic) opportunities rather than reluctantly reacting to change, being operationally and organizationally overwhelmed, and disrupted, often with inadequate response and poor adoption as result. Many studies show that data and technology can be powerful enablers of such capability. The evidence is, however, unstructured and dispersed. In response, this study consolidates existing research and presents a comprehensive conceptual framework, bridging the fragmented landscape of ESG data and the technology literature. It offers practical guidance for firms, helping them lay holistic data and technology foundations for ESG and advance toward higher maturity levels in their ESG capability.

Changing Views toward mRNA based Covid Vaccines in the Scientific Literature: 2020 - 2024

IntroductionBefore the global Covid-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mRNA based vaccines had never been administered to the public outside of a single clinical trial that was not completed at the time. However, within the space of 9 months these experimental vaccines were administered to millions through an emergency use authorization (EUA).AimThe aim of this article is to raise awareness that medical science can be biased due to social and economic influences, especially during high stress epochs in history. Scientists should be conscious of always being objective and skeptical regardless of what is happening in the wider world.Material and methodsA literature survey was performed examining the reporting of severe adverse events (SAEs) in articles published between 2020 and 2024.Results and discussionFrom 2020 to 2024, the literature has gone from claiming there are absolutely no SAEs from mRNA based vaccines (2020/2021) to an acknowledgment of a significant number of various SAEs (2023/2024); including but not limited to neurological complications, myocarditis, pericarditis and thrombosis.ConclusionsThe early scientific literature was biased, so as not to report SAEs, due to social and political concerns and overwhelming corporate greed. Only in the last year have scientists been able to publish articles that acknowledge a high number of SAEs linked to mRNA based vaccines. This should act as a warning that science should be completely objective when evaluating health risks, but can often be influenced by social and economic considerations.