Social Arrangements Research Articles

PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT FARMS

The article considers the trends taking place in modern conditions in the agrarian sphere – peasant farms. Concepts and definitions characterizing the essence of functioning new agrarian forms of economy are analyzed. The place and role of the state and farming as equal partners in the social arrangement of rural areas and in the preservation of the traditional way of life in the countryside is emphasized. The author considers some of the concepts and definitions to be generally accepted, the other ones are of a search and research nature, which gives the article originality. Contradictions and problems impeding the development of new agrarian forms of economy are revealed. The relevance of the theme consists in the need to develop family farms as a priority form of individual entrepreneurship and as an important source of sustainable growth in food production. The long-term domestic experience of development of peasant farms and private holdings using achievements in foreign countries is studied and on this basis, practical recommendations on accelerated development of individual forms of agricultural production are offered. In general, the agricultural economy should be diversified in order to provide social protection, the opportunity to generate employment and increase the profitability of farmers.

How does responsible leadership emerge? An emergentist perspective

AbstractIncreasing academic and practitioner conversations regarding corporate responsibility, have led some leadership scholars to question the possibilities to accomplish responsible leadership. Drawing on an emergentist perspective, through an empirical study in three organizations, the article develops the responsible leadership literature by offering a critical analysis of the emergence of responsible leadership. Our key finding is that responsible leadership emerges as participants' “shared concerns,” namely: ‘environmental and communal concerns,” “professional concerns,” “employment concerns,” and “commercial concerns,” which constitute social arrangements that give meaning to what is responsible and possible. The theoretical perspective we develop highlights the conditioning role of shared and nested concerns of the study participants and unpack how the social context variously shapes responsible leadership.

Thinking about social power and hierarchy in medical education.

Social power has been diversely conceptualised in many academic areas. Operating on both the micro (interactional) and macro (structural) levels, we understand power to shape behaviour and knowledge through both repression and production. Hierarchies are one organising form of power, stratifying individuals or groups based on the possession of valued social resources. Medicine is a highly organised social context where work and learning are contingent on interaction and thereby influenced greatly by social power and hierarchy. Despite the relevance of power to education research, there are many unrealized opportunities to use this construct to expand our understanding of how physicians work and learn. Hierarchy, when considered in our field, is typically gestured to as an omnipresent feature of the clinical environment that harms low-status individuals by repressing their ability to communicate openly and exercise their agency. This may be true in many circumstances, but this conceptualization of hierarchy neglects consideration of other aspects of hierarchy that may be generative for understanding the experiences of medical learners. For example, medical learners may experience the superimposition of multiple hierarchies, some of which are fluid and some of which are calcified, some of which are productive and helpful and some of which are oppressive and harmful. Power may work 'up' and 'across' hierarchical ranks, rather than just from higher status to lower status individuals. The conceptualizations of how social power shapes human behaviour are diverse. Often paired with hierarchy, or social arrangement, these social scientific ideas have much to offer our collective study of the ways that health professionals learn and practice. Accordingly, we posit that a consideration of the ways social power works through hierarchies to nurture or harm the growth of learners should be granted explicit consideration in the framing and conduct of medical education research.

Engagement factors for household waste sorting in Ecuador: Improving perceived convenience and environmental attitudes enhances waste sorting capacity

This study contributes to developing a set of engagement factors to address waste mishandling and enhances waste sorting intention in households. Prior studies do not specify a set of factors to mobilize and empower households toward better waste sorting engagement. In addition, in Ecuador, waste separation rates are low, and household waste sorting reduces the separation efforts at collection facilities to increase the recycling efficiency for sustainable plastic waste management strategies. This study adopted the theory of planned behavior to understand waste sorting engagement factors, and the factors are described in qualitative information and linguistic preferences. Hence, this study applied the fuzzy Delphi method to screen out the less important attributes and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory to visualize the interrelationships among attributes. This study finds that waste sorting capacity is driven by environmental attitudes, perceived convenience, social norms and economic drivers. The results also indicated that households’ environmental attitudes, perceived convenience and economic drivers are causal factors that drive waste sorting engagement. For practitioners, separation knowledge, willingness to participate, pro-environmental decisions, and social responsibility arrangements are the driving criteria for improving waste sorting engagement and reducing and eliminating pollution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Improving Post-Relocation Support for People Resettled by Infrastructure Development

ABSTRACT Lagging other components, project-induced resettlement rarely, if ever, is completed after those resettled are compensated and replacement infrastructure handed-over. Initiating livelihood restoration programs may jumpstart but fall short of re-articulating dismantled local economies. Successful resettlement requires pre- and post-relocation actions that will help resellers and their hosts re-articulate new routine social and economic arrangements and improve their well-being. This Special Issue examines the distinct challenges of the post-relocation phase of resettlement. During this phase, the resettlement burdens shift from the relocation project to the resettlers, their hosts, and third parties; from individual to collective issues; and from mitigation to development. For decades, China has experienced with a variety of long-term, post-relocation policies, programs and methodologies. The contributors provide a glimpse of an extensive toolkit being crafted for use in this localized context-defined phase. Some are transferable. Others are not. Post-relocation support (PReS) adds value to improving the likelihood of successful outcomes.

Room Arrangement and Social Cohesion in Senior Homes – A Study in China

ABSTRACT Private rooms are widely preferred by residents in senior homes. However, having roommates may help them to maintain social networks, leading to promoted social cohesion and health. The differences in social cohesion among senior-home residents who reside in private or shared rooms need investigation. Focusing on social cohesion and room arrangement, on-site questionnaire surveys recruited 345 residents from eight senior homes in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Controlling for personal and facility factors, ANOVA tests were employed to investigate the differences in social cohesion among residents who resided in private or shared rooms. Room arrangement was found significant to social cohesion in assisted-living and nursing-care residents. At the assisted-living level, triple-room (room shared by three) residents had stronger social cohesion than private-room or double-room (room shared by two) residents (p ≤ 0.01). At the nursing-care level, residents with less roommates had stronger social cohesion (p ≤ 0.05). At the independent-living level, no factors significant to social cohesion was found. The influences of room arrangement on social cohesion vary by care level and facility. To promote social cohesion, triple rooms are suggested for assisted-living care whereas private rooms are more appropriate for nursing care. Senior-living rooms should be social-friendly through appropriate arrangement in cultural contexts.

Phonography Culture

Phonography Culture

Contemporary Fairy Tales: Narrating Women Academics Through Metaphors

This article contributes to the feminist literature that explores the vast landscape of metaphors on the professional experiences and identities of women academics found in scholarly works. In their now classic studies on the semantic content of these tropes, feminist scholars have identified one large cluster of metaphors that allude to structural barriers or natural phenomena (e.g., ‘glass ceiling’ and ‘chilly climate’), criticised for overlooking human agency. This paper is novel in that identifies (and problematises) another ample cluster of shared meanings: ‘tale and myth’ metaphors drawing from fairy tales, legends, sagas, folklore, mythology and religious imagery. I argue that many such metaphors aim to capture the lower status of women academics (e.g., ‘Cinderella’), and are characterised by: liminality, as they open up possible-worlds and untested social arrangements (e.g., ‘Alice in Wonderland’); ambivalence, as they portray women as either monsters, or prodigies, or both (e.g., ‘intellectual Frankenstein’); reductionism, in that they implicitly seek to subsume complex social phenomena under familiar fictional plots; and (relatedly) normativity, in that they create expectations as to the likely development of a situation and implicitly suggest a course of action. Particularly the latter two characteristics constitute significant limitations of ‘tale and myth’ metaphors: nonetheless, can there still be merit in their use? In the paper, I advance a suggestion.

Cube Fest 2022

Cube Fest 2022

An Expert Roundtable Discussion on Experiences of Autistic Autism Researchers.

An Expert Roundtable Discussion on Experiences of Autistic Autism Researchers.

Respon Investor atas Tanggung Jawab Sosial Tata Kelola Perusahaan di Indonesia: Perspektif Resource Based View

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance disclosure on firm value in Indonesia. This study uses a Resource Based View perspective which is still rarely used in testing firm value. This study uses data and information from manufacturing companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2019. After purposive sampling, the final sample that can be used is 260 observations. Testing the data using multiple linear analysis with panel data. The test results show that corporate social responsibility and corporate governance have no effect on firm value. The test results in this study indicate that the Financial Services Authority as the supervisor of issuers in the Indonesian capital market, needs to improve corporate governance and corporate social responsibility arrangements.
 Keywords: Governance; Sustainability; Disclosure; Firm Value.

Institutional management praxis and the logic of capital: Accumulated labor and the exploitation of teaching in teaching intensive fields

Abstract: Exploitation is possible because of rules and social arrangements that have an asymmetric impact on groups who hold different relative positions within the nexus of cultural, political, economic and social power and advantage. Based on a synthesis of critical ethnographic research, the present article provides an analysis of exploitation in one specific higher education field; Initial Teacher Education and Research (EDITE). Exploitation is not usually associated with higher education. However, the article describes a structure of decision-making for exploiting the accumulated labor of teacher educators and their students, in the interests of other groups of academics. Distinct social class and gender are identified, and the article concludes that there is little wonder that teaching intensive fields are often strongly criticised for the scientific quality of their content. The level of research investment in them is so low that they are in serious difficulty in maintaining adequate scientific research connections for programs and career opportunities for research-qualified staff.

Last suppers at Sardis

AbstractThe realia of shared meals provide a key index for social behavior in Late Antiquity. Much attention has been paid to the architecture and ceramics of dining, but usually separately and from unrelated contexts. Three excavated rooms at Sardis present an opportunity to extend this discussion to the furnishings that once stood at the center of domestic hospitality. Nearly complete marble tabletops recovered from their places of intended use show differing approaches to the physical and social arrangements of convivial dining, with implications for interpreting reception areas in Late Roman houses. Circumstances of preservation indicate that all three rooms were leveled, probably by earthquakes, in the early 7th c. CE.

Reconfigurations of the social sphere in Brejo da Paraíba in the 21st century: imprints of plantations in Latin America

Abstract The research project “Reconfigurations of the social sphere in Brejo of Paraíba in the 21st century” looks into the new social arrangements in that region of northeastern Brazil, which stem from the abrupt changes in the context that was prevalent in the early 1990s, which were triggered by the closure of sugarcane processing plants, following the bankruptcy declared by Santa Maria processing plant. Included in a broader debate regarding the imprints left by centuries on social structures organized around export-led plantations in Latin America, this is a collective research project that aims to inquire into different conversion strategies in comparison with the previous position occupied by social actors in the golden period of sugarcane production.

The geological and mining heritage in the tourist industry in Northeastern Russia

One of the trends in the tourist industry in Russia and in the world is expansion of geo-touring. Geo-touring, as a widely unknown but prosperous tourism sector, means traveling to the unique geological sites of mining. Numerous natural monuments and geological sites of mining are situated in Northeastern Russia. However, traveling and its commercialization are straitened by the imperfect regulatory and legal framework of this economic sector. This research aims at provisional assessment of the prospects for the involvement of natural geological sites of mining in the touristic and recreational activities in Northeastern Russia. It is suggested to accomplish audit of natural sites defined as the natural monuments, as well as the sites unappraised by the government, and to create an integrated register with regard to new requirements, standards and regulations. The new updated regulatory and legal framework should take into account the economy, demography and social arrangement in the mineral mining territories. The economic advisability of practical use of the natural monuments and geological sites of mining in Northeastern Russia is currently difficult to evaluate as the government in the recent decades has unsupported the infrastructure development required for the transition to new management models in the territories with a long history of mineral production. To define the number of tourists anxious to visit a natural legacy site is also anything but simple. Nonetheless, generation of a register of the monuments of nature and the geological and mining heritage sites should be started today in order to build a model of their involvement in the national economic activities. Northeastern Russia, with its geographic position, vast territory and diversity of geological sites, has all possibilities to develop geo-tourism.

Hierarchical Regression of Wellbeing and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults in Abu Dhabi.

This study investigates the wellbeing factors related to self-rated health for older adults in Abu Dhabi (≥55 years). The purpose is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of self-rated health, considering various wellbeing factors, controlling for factors such as gender, nationality and long-standing illness if present. This research drew from a sample of 2375 older adults who participated in the Abu Dhabi Quality-of-Life Survey (QoL) conducted in 2018. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed where the first two models corresponded to gender, nationality and having a long-standing illness or not. The third model focused on the wellbeing factors of Abu Dhabi citizens (i.e., social networks and connection, income and housing, sports and activities, mental feelings). The analysis revealed the insignificance of gender and nationality as controlled variables while having a long-standing illness showed significant adverse effects. The most significant variables were social support networks, family and social arrangements and connections. Other variables of significance included housing satisfaction, household income satisfaction, frequency of practicing sports, current mental status and life satisfaction. Policymakers could use the outcomes as insider intelligence for policymakers and social work professionals to create policies, programs and services to enhance the lives of older people in Abu Dhabi.

Another economy calls for another perspective

Economics makes sense of the economy. Another economy that may or may not come about in response to the Corona crisis will require another sense making. This article provides a possible alternative perspective, a value-based approach. It includes a model with five spheres that encourages a visualization and conceptualization of the economy beyond the market and governmental spheres that dominate the standard economic perspective. By including social and cultural spheres as well as the sphere of the oikos (home) we are encouraged to think of social arrangements, relationships and other “shared goods,” sense making, culture and other qualities of living. The exploration of another perspective includes two concrete proposals for alternative institutions to deal with problematic debts and creating work for people with limitations.

Collaborations in Environmental Initiatives for an Effective “Adaptive Governance” of Social–Ecological Systems: What Existing Literature Suggests

Moving from the scientific literature on the evaluation of environmental projects and programs, this study identifies how and under which conditions collaborations in environmentally sustainable projects are considered effective for the adaptive governance of SES. The method adopted is a systematic literature review based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 56 articles selected through specific queries on the SCOPUS database and published from 2004 to 2020. Results of the quantitative analysis identify conditions able to evaluate collaborations, highlighting the need to adopt a transdisciplinary approach analysing both social and ecological challenges and assessing both social and ecological results. Moreover, they suggest preferring using primary data involving multi-sector and multi-scale actors and enlarging the geographical context to the most vulnerable countries. The results of the qualitative analysis provide specific recommendations for collaborations being effective when related to communication, equity, foresight, and respect, which need to be further strengthened by all actors. Multiplicity in visions and approaches should be seen as a resource able to stimulate creativity in social arrangements and environmental practices, making collaborations in environmental projects instrumental for the effectiveness of adaptive governance of SES.

Does Convergence Liberalism Risk Anarchy?

Public reason liberals argue that coercive social arrangements must be publicly justified in order to be legitimate. According to one model of public reason liberalism, known as convergence liberalism, this means that every moderately idealized member of the public must have sufficient reason, of her own, to accept the arrangement. A corollary of this Principle of Public Justification is that a coercive social arrangement fails to be legitimate so long as even one member of the public fails to have sufficient reason to endorse the arrangement. This high bar for justification has led many critics, most notably David Enoch, to argue that convergence models are incapable of vindicating liberalism. They argue that in a sufficiently diverse society, there will always be someone for whom an arrangement is not justified, and therefore convergence liberalism leads to anarchy – the view that no law or coercive social arrangement is legitimate. Other critics accept that convergence liberalism could vindicate core liberal institutions but nothing more, and thus argue that the view makes libertarians effective “dictators”. In either case, critics hold that this objection is sufficient to reject convergence liberalism, either in favor of alternative public reason views or as a means of rejecting all public reason views.
 In this paper I argue that convergence liberalism can overcome this anarchy objection. I show that the objection largely rests on misinterpretations of convergence liberalism, and thus clarify aspects of the theory. However, I also show that internal debate over the scope of public justification – what stands in need of justification – must be resolved in favor of a wide scope, encompassing both State-based and non-State-based coercion, in order to overcome the anarchy objection. Therefore, my response to the anarchy objection has implications for how convergence liberalism should be developed going forward.

The 2017 independence referendum and the political economy of Kurdish nationalism in Iraq

In September 2017, the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq held a referendum for independence despite the high likelihood of heavy retaliation. In contrast to the narrative that presents that decision as the result of gross miscalculation, this article offers an alternative explanation highlighting the role played by Kurdish nationalism in upholding the structures of power of the region. The current class structure, institutional framework and rentier economy of Iraqi Kurdistan had their origins in the 1990s when Kurdish forces gained permanent control of the region. The new ruling class that developed in that decade had a profoundly extractive character and based its power on a strategy of appropriation of the public resources pursued through the control of the political institutions and security forces. The 2017 independence referendum must be understood as an attempt to thwart the threat to this social arrangement represented by a wave of popular protests. These events reveal the profound connection between Kurdish nationalism and the region’s class structure. They also allow us to appreciate the – often neglected – political agency of the subaltern classes in a rentier society.