Social Adaptation Of Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of mental and social adaptation of patients with breast cancer.

e23167 Background: In 2018, in the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, there was conducted a study of the effectiveness of a mental and social adaptation of patients to the disease and treatment in the framework of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: The patients with breast cancer (n = 28, mean age 31 ±7) were examined at the stages of diagnosis and admission to the hospital. The basis of the study is the «Narcissism Evaluation Test», EORTC QLQ-C30, as well as the following ICF domains: Body function - global psychosocial functions (b122), temperament and personality functions (b126), energy and drive functions (b130), sleep functions (b134), attention functions (b140), psychomotor functions (b147), emotional functions (b152), thought functions (b160), higher-level cognitive functions (b164). Activity and participation- doing housework (d640), family relationships (d760), intimate relationships (d770), acquiring, keeping and terminating a job (d845). Results: The increase in values (7.26–13.61; p < 0.05) on the “Depersonalization” scale indicates an attempt to dissociate from threatening processes in oneself by means of dissociation and splitting, to preserve the coherence of the personality structure. This tendency can be viewed as an attempt by the patient to deny that destabilization affects his personality and lifestyle, which leads to the experience of melancholia as an attempt at destruction of Self-Concept. Such reactions are classified by us within the framework of psychogenic, i.e. conditionally normal in the situation of cancer, however, it was shown that the pathology of “psychogeny” significantly reduces the quality of life and social adaptation. For example, in 11 patients, there is a decrease in the quality of life (62.85; p < 0.05), disturbed sleep, emotions, energy and drive functions (b134, b152, b130), and there are difficulties in the resumption of labor activities (d845). Conclusions: Experiencing the threat to the integrity of Self-Concept launches psychological defenses, as a result of which a rapid regression of Self-Concept occurs before the primary narcissism. Psychogenic reactions during pathologization contribute to the patient’s social and mental maladjustment.

Quality of life and indicators of social adaptation in patients with congenital hydronephrosis

Purpose of the study : to study the quality of life, motivational orientation and frustration reactions in patients with congenital hydronephrosis. Quality of life is understood as an integral indicator of living space, personal, subject, professional potential, human health. Materials and methods . The study involved 30 patients aged 13–24 years old who underwent plastic repair of the Priyolan’s segment according to the Heines – Anderson – Kuchera. To study the quality of life, two types of criteria were used: psychodiagnostic (SF-36 questionnaire, assessment of the severity of success motivation S. Shapkin, Rosenzweig test of frustration) and medical (intravenous infusion urography, ultrasound of the urinary system (MFR), computed tomography, radioisotope methods). Results . The data obtained suggests that pronounced pain syndrome significantly reduces the quality of life of patients with congenital hydronephrosis, also reduces the overall indicator of positive emotions, the mood is characterized as anxious and depressive. Conclusion . Anomalies of the urinary system lead to a pronounced violation of the patient's quality of life and his social adaptation. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the pronounced pain syndrome reduces the quality of life of patients, and health limits the exercise of physical activity, daily and professional activities. Also reduced overall positive emotions. In 50% of patients, the motivational orientation is not balanced in terms of avoiding failures and achieving success. A high frequency of extrapunitive frustration reactions was found. All these factors greatly impede the social adaptation of the patient.

Musculoskeletal sequelae of childhood bone sarcoma survivors

Background. Childhood solid tumor survivors are known to be at risk for serious musculoskeletal late effects that may result in disability, associated with multicomponent antitumor treatment.
 Aims. To improve the quality of life of childhood bone sarcoma survivors.
 Materials and methods. Forty-six children and adolescents (22 males, 24 females) were treated for primary bone sarcomas (follow-up, 22216 months). Mean age at orthopedic diagnosis was 15.09 years (range, 623 years). Treatment consisted of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the initial tumor and metastasis left after induction and/or oncologic surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. We used the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events for reporting.
 Results. The most common grade of late effects observed was grade 2 (91 cases). We observed serious adverse events, that is, grade 4 (life-threatening consequences) in five cases and grade 5 (death related to adverse events) in one. A total of 32 orthopedic patients had fewer than six late effects, while 14 had more than six late effects.
 Conclusions. The development of musculoskeletal sequelae is unavoidable in the majority of the survivors due to the need to use them in very aggressive treatment strategies leading to a significant increase in survival. Early diagnosis and orthopedic correction of adverse effects are necessary to ensure an acceptable quality of life and good social adaptation of patients.

Medical and Economic Impact of the Gluten-Free Diet on the Quality of Life and Social Adaptation in Patients with Gluten Enteropathy - а Ten-Year Clinical Experience

The gluten-free diet (GFD) is complex, costly and influences all activities related to nutrition, which makes it hard to follow throughout the entire life. The avoidance of a wide spectrum of foods containing gluten often requires significant changes in the dietary habits and the lifestyle.

Medical and social rehabilitation following testicular prosthesis in post-orchiectomy patients

Aim. The aim of this study was to optimize indications and techniques and to develop the optimal timing for testicular prosthesis following inversion in adolescence considering the assessment of quality of life of patients at different times following the surgery. Materials and methods. We observed 70 patients with gonadal loss following critical ischemia (torsion) at ages 11-18 years (average, 15.5 ± 2.3 years). In total, 49 patients underwent joint replacement after orchiectomy due to torsion. In 21 patients, prosthetics were preceded by orchiectomy for testicular atrophy as a result of twisting. The interval from an acute episode to joint replacement ranged from 6 months to 15 years. Three techniques for testicular prosthesis implantation were applied: prosthetics with inguinal access without suturing the scrotal entrance (n = 14); prosthetics with inguinal access with suturing the scrotal entrance by the originally developed technique (n = 34); and a prosthetic scrotum (n = 22). Patient satisfaction was assessed based on the different outcomes of testicular inversion according to the originally developed questionnaire. Results. Suturing the scrotal entrance reduces the risk of implant migration in the proximal direction due to anatomical prerequisites. Scrotal access does not have this drawback but increases the risk of inflammatory complications. The esthetic result of prosthetics depends on patient’s age during orchiectomy. Older patients tend to have better cosmetic results. The most favorable results of prosthetics are noted at the time that has passed since the turn - no more than 3 years; all unsatisfactory results are noted at the time of more than 5 years since the twist. Testicular prosthesis increases social adaptation of patients after gonadal loss and improves their quality of life. Conclusions. 1. Testicular prosthesis is an essential stage of patient rehabilitation after an orchiectomy for inversion. 2. Prosthetic inguinal access by the originally developed technique is optimal from a technical perspective and provides the most physiological standing of the implant. 3. Prosthetics results directly depend on the period following the initial operation. 4. Testicular prosthesis complications can be minimized with the accumulation of knowledge and surgical experience and their rational prevention. 5. Assessment of patients’ quality of life illustrates the necessity of gonadal prosthetics for cosmetic compensation of organ loss and psycho-emotional and social rehabilitation. (For citation: Shormanov IS, Shchedrov DN. Medical and social rehabilitation following testicular prosthesis in post-orchiectomy patients. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2018;8(2):43-52. doi: 10.17816/uroved8243-52).

Combined radiofrequency for the treatment of lumbar discogenic radiculopathy

Introduction. Intervertebral disc degeneration often is a cause of low back pain (LBP) and reactive radicular pain. Thermodiscoplasty, or intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) is used for minimally invasive treatment of discogenic pain. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is used as an interventional method for radicular pain elimination. Objective. To study the dynamics of pain syndrome and social adaptation in patients undergone combined treatment with the IDET and PRF DRG for chronic discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathies. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 20 patients treated at the Neuromed Clinic in Kyiv and the Pain Medicine Center in Kyiv was conducted. All patients had degenerative-dystrophic disease of intervertebral discs L4–L5 and L5–S1 with L4, L5, S1, S2 radiculopathy. A standard examination included biplane spondylography, MRI, and the neurological status assessment. The character of the pain was confirmed by a provocative contrast discography, the involvement of the corresponding spinal root was established during the selective radicular blockade. The results of the treatment were assessed using the visual-analogue pain scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results. No complications were found. Two patients (10 %) had unsatisfactory results in the form of a lack of positive dynamics. They underwent transforaminal endoscopic discotomy for up to 7 days. The rest of patients noted a significant reduction in pain. This tendency was keeping for 6 months. Conclusions. The combined use of IDET and PRF DRG is an effective and safe method for the treatment of chronic lumbosacral discogenic radiculopathies.

Clinical Dynamics of Mental Retardation and Social Adaptation of Patients as They Age

Objective. Identify the patterns of social adaptation of patients with mental retardation (MR) with aging in relation to clinical dynamics, analysis of the factors and circumstances associated with the development of MR and determining patients’ adaptive potential. Materials and methods. A total of 187 patients with MR were followed through childhood to age 23–25 years, with histories of mean duration 17.7 ± 3.7 years. The main study method consisted of clinical psychopathological investigations, with assessment of social functioning using the Assessment of Social Skills and Abilities in Adolescents with Chronic Mental Disorders and the Questionnaire for Assessment of Social Functioning and the Quality of Life of Mental Patients. Results and conclusions. About 90% of young patients with mild MR were able to attain a professional education, though only 40% had permanent employment, 35% having temporary jobs. A total of 80% of patients with moderate MR were not in work, and fewer than 10% had temporary jobs. Disability status assigned in childhood persisted in most patients. A number of early risk factors for birth with MR were identified. The level of social adaptation of patients was found to correlate with the depth of intellectual deficit and to depend on various external factors.

Modern diagnostics and treatment of posttraumatic hydrocephalus

One of the frequent consequences of severe traumatic brain injury is posttraumatic hydrocephalus that not only hampers the processes of consciousness recovery, rehabilitation, and social adaptation of patients but also is the cause of disability. Pathological processes underlying the clinical picture of posttraumatic hydrocephalus and the relationship between CSF circulation disorders and structural changes in the brain substance have not been adequately studied. Of particular importance are patients in the chronic vegetative or minimally conscious state, recovery from which is blocked by posttraumatic hydrocephalus. The question of reversibility of impaired consciousness depending on the disease duration has remained open. High risks of purulent-inflammatory complications of shunting surgery are especially important in patients with chronic infection foci (tracheostomy, gastrostomy, epicystostomy, prolonged bladder catheterization, pressure ulcers, etc.), but their actual effect on the shunting outcomes has not been revealed. Posttraumatic hydrocephalus remains a topical neurosurgical problem requiring clarification of its diagnostic criteria, differentiation from atrophy-related ventriculomegaly, and comprehensive development of pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects.

Personality traits and sex-role schema in adult patients with childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency not treated with growth hormone

Background. Patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency have quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of pituitary hormone production that may trigger psychological consequences. Several studies have evidenced symptoms of social disturbances in these patients. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate personality traits and psychological sex-role schema influencing social adaptation in patients with childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency.Material and Methods. Study involved a unique group of 28 adult patients with childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiencies that were never treated with growth hormone. To psychological assessment the short Polish version of Bem’s Sex Role Inventory and the Polish version of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were used in the study. Results. The analysis of scores on the Polish version of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory showed significantly elevated results in the scales for lying, hysteria, psychopathic deviation, hypochondria, and schizophrenia as well as decreased scores in hypomania indicating a number of symptoms of maladjustment in many different areas of life. The short Polish version of Bem’s Sex Role Inventory scores indicated that most of combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients were sex-undifferentiated and no one was androgynous. Conclusions. The sex-role schema and certain personality traits seem to predispose childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients not treated with growth hormone to problems with social adaptation and greater susceptibility to situational stressors. Neurotic reactions, tendency for social alienation, and lack of flexibility have all been observed in these patients. Therefore, combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients may more often need special support when it comes to coping with disease.

The Medical Social Efficiency of Rehabilitation of Patients Having Cerebral Stroke in Ambulatory Conditions

The article substantiates efficiency of medical social rehabilitation activities in out-patient conditions on the basis of study of health conditions, life-style and medical care organization of patients with ischemic stroke. The obtained data demonstrated a higher efficiency of complex rehabilitation therapy. The efficient application of possibilities of out-patient polyclinic institution increases the level of physiological, psychological and social adaptation of patients.

Hepatic encephalopathy: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment

The aim of review. To present modern concept on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Summary. HE is a complex of neurological and psychiatric disorders that develop on a background of severe liver diseases due to portal blood shunting and impaired liver detoxication function. Expert opinions on the leading mechanism of HE pathogenesis are contradictory. Some believe, that the leading part is played by the effect of hyperammoniemia on neuronal functions; the others give major importance to the change in aminoacid spectrum and neurotransmitter disorders; the third give the most attention to elevation of mercaptan concentration and level of shortchain fatty acids, change of GABA-benzodiazepine complex function. HE is characterized by heterogeneity of manifestations. Cognitive (varying from the minimal changes to coma) and motor (muscles stiffness, baryphonia, tremor, etc.) disorders prevail in the clinical presentation. The basic approaches in treatment of HE include: detection and elimination liver damaging factors that provoke onset or stimulate progression of HE; reduction of production and absorption of ammonia or increase of its elimination. At frequently relapsing and progressing liver failure liver transplantation is performed. Conclusion. Involvement of the central nervous system at liver failure is the major problem from the point of view of duly and correct diagnostics, treatment, and social adaptation of patients. Many aspects of HE in particular its pathogenesis are insufficiently investigated.

The weight of borderline intellectual functioning on the capacity of integration and social adaptation of patients with borderline personality disorder

From the analysis of current scientific literature are still few studies on the relationship between personality disorders and borderline intellectual functioning, since the latter, without its own specificity, has always been considered as a kind of undefined zone between intellectual functioning medium and intellectual disabilities. Several studies have shown the presence of comorbidity of the personality disorders with BIF, emphasizing a higher frequency of Borderline Personality Disorder. BIF is considered a significant risk factor for the development of a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular in our observations ongoing since 2003, it assumes an important weight on the global functioning of patients with personality disorder as we have stated in the intervention SOPSI 2012. In detail, this study focuses on the relationship between BPD and BIF, noting the weight the latter on the social adaptability, job placement and creation of bonds of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. Patients included in this study were 52 (40 F and 12 M), of which 27 belonging to the first group had a borderline intellectual functioning in comorbidity with BPD and 25 individuals belonging to the second group with BPD without BIF. The results show that 33% of individuals included in the first group did not find a job working compared to 16% of the second group, showing further falls in attention and concentration, therefore, in the ability to anticipate and generalization, impacting strongly on the degree of adaptation to social life, while there are not significant differences in the ability to create emotional ties between the two groups.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The first experience with a new technique of portal endoscopic discectomy for herniated cervical discs

To master the methodology of a new technique, portal endoscopic discectomy, and define the indications for this surgery on herniated cervical discs; to compare outcomes of this surgery with outcomes of anterior microsurgical discectomy. The study included 25 patients who underwent portal endoscopic cervical discectomy. A comparison group consisted of 25 patients who underwent anterior microsurgical discectomy and placement of an interbody cage. A comparison of the results of surgeries revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of postoperative local and radicular pain syndrome. According to the Neck Disability Index (NDI), a significant improvement occurred in patients with endoscopic surgery. According to the Odom criterion, a significant advantage in the number of excellent and good outcomes occurred in patients of the study group. There were significant differences between groups in the duration of postoperative hospital stay. The duration was 3 days in the study group and 5 days in the control group, on average. Portal endoscopic discectomy is highly efficient in treatment of herniated cervical discs and enables achieving clinical outcomes associated with much less surgical trauma. The study demonstrates not only the efficacy of the suggested technique but also its safety compared to that of traditional anterior microsurgical techniques that usually involve interbody fusion. This surgery surpasses other interventions in the rate of rehabilitation and social adaptation of patients as well as reduces postoperative hospital stay.

Diagnosis and treatment of craniosynostosis: Vilnius team experience

Background. The aim of the study was to review the methods of diagnosis of craniosynostosis and to analyze Vilnius (Lithuania) team experience of surgical treatment, surgical methods, aspects of anesthesia for patients with craniosynostosis and to present early results of surgical treatment. Materials and methods. A retrospective review of all patients with various types of craniosynostosis treated surgically during the period from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014 was performed. The following data were analyzed: age, type of deformity, surgical technique, surgical time, methods and course of anesthesia, intra- and postoperative complications, parents’ satisfaction, head form. Results. 24 patients were treated. The mean patient’s age at the time of surgery was 13.47 ± 8.2 months (min 7.3, max 46.5). Eliminating 3 patients whose age at the time of surgery was over 2 years (24.5, 29 and 46 months, respectively), the mean age of other 21 patients was 10.63 ± 1.77 (min 7.3, max 14.1) months. There were 9 cases of isolated trigonocephaly (37.5%), 7 cases of isolated scaphocephaly (29.2%), 7 cases of isolated anterior plagiocephaly (29.2%) and 1 case of posterior plagiocephaly combined with scaphocephaly (4.17%). All craniosynostoses were diagnosed clinically and diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomographic scanning. The median duration of surgery was 336.47 ± 59.63 minutes (min 308.13, max 364.82). The medium stay in the intensive care unit was 2.53 ± 1.28 days (min. 1.92, max 3.14). In all cases rigid osteosynthesis was performed. 2 children were diagnosed with syndromic craniofacial abnormalities. In 23 (95.83%) cases an intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion was required. In 24 treated patients there was no mortality. During the early and late postoperative period no infections, CSF leakage and dural tears were observed. No neurological impairments or any signs of neurological deficits were observed by any of the treated patients. In all of cases parents were satisfied with their children’s changed head shape and aesthetic results. Conclusions. Cranioplasties for correction of craniosynostosis give good aesthetic results and this is a safe method, which helps to correct the head shape as well as improves the social adaptation of patients.

Возможности медикаментозного лечения и психотерапии в потенцировании ремиссии у пациентов на ранних стадиях шизофрении

В статье определены критерии клинической ремиссии, которые используются на современном этапе для пациентов с шизофренией (международные критерии Andreasen N.C., 2005). Отмечено, что недостатком данных критериев является отсутствие среди них критериев, отражающих социальную адаптацию пациентов, уровень их функционирования в обществе. В статье проведено комплексное исследование 237 пациентов с первым манифестным приступом шизофрении и представлены результаты оценки исходов болезни за 2-летний период, включая клинический, социальный и личностный аспекты. Проведен сравнительный анализ исходов шизофрении в группе пациентов (122 человека), которые были включены в комплексную программу лечения, и в группе пациентов (115 человек), получавших стандартную терапию. Комплексное лечение включало медикаментозную терапию и разработанную автором систему психотерапевтической реабилитации, содержание которой тезисно представлено в данной статье. Выявлены положительные корреляционные связи между более высоким уровнем социального функционирования, качества жизни, когнитивного функционирования пациентов, степени осознания пациентами психической болезни и благоприятными клинико-социальными исходами шизофрении. Методом построения многофакторных математических моделей установлены значимые предикторы двухлетних исходов болезни. Среди них: особенности лечебно-реабилитационной тактики, длительность нелеченого заболевания, выраженность симптоматики в продромальном периоде психоза, клиническое состояние пациента после купирования острой продуктивной симптоматики, уровень качества жизни пациентов и степень осознания пациентами психической болезни. Установлено, что при стандартизации по всем значимым факторам риска применение комплексного лечения пациентов с использованием медикаментозной терапии и разработанной автором системы психотерапевтической реабилитации позволяет снизить риск неблагоприятного двухлетнего исхода болезни (p < 0,001), отношение шансов равно 0,17 (95% доверительный интервал 0,06–0,45). Представлено клиническое наблюдение, которое демонстрирует то, как меняется прогноз болезни при использовании стандартного или комплексного лечения.

Early Outcomes of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Tumors of the Humerus

At present in 90% of patients with malignant tumors of long bones and large joints the organ-saving intervention - oncologic joint replacement can be performed. The risk of complications after such operations on the upper extremity is low however the adequate functional results can not be achieved. The analysis and evaluation of oncologic and functional results after application of anatomic (group 1, n=28) and reverse (group 2, n=14) shoulder prostheses in patients with proximal humerus tumors was performed. Mean age of patients made up 32±4 and 38±3 years in the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Primary bone tumors were diagnosed in 19 (68%) patients from the 1st and 12 (86%) patients from the 2nd group. Mean follow up period was 42 months. Progression of the disease at terms from 6 to 14 months was observed in 4 patients with primary malignant bone tumors. Functional result by MSTS scale was 60-80% in 3, 40-60% in 6 and under 40% in 19 patients from the 1st group. In 2nd group functional result ranged from 80 to 100% in 6, from 60 to 80% in 6 and from 40 to 60% in 2 patients. Application of modular reverse prosthesis for the treatment of patients with proximal humerus tumors is a perspective technique as it enables to increase functional result and social adaptation of patients significantly.

Association between longitudinal changes in prefrontal hemodynamic responses and social adaptation in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

BackgroundPatients with affective disorders exhibit changes in regional brain function and show abnormal social adaptation. However, to our knowledge, no near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study has examined the relationship between these two phenomena longitudinally. This study examined the region-specific functional abnormality associated with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), and the association between particular longitudinal changes in regional activation and social adaptation. MethodsWe evaluated frontotemporal functioning during a verbal fluency test (VFT) for patients with BD (N=18), those with MDD (N=10), and healthy controls (HCs; N=14) using NIRS. NIRS measurements and the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS) were administered twice with an interval of approximately 6 months. ResultsThe BD and MDD groups showed lesser activation than the HCs in the bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior part of the temporal cortex (VLPFC/aTC). Longitudinal changes in SASS scores were positively associated with the extent of change in left VLPFC/aTC activation in the BD group and with right VLPFC/aTC activation in the MDD group. LimitationsOur small sample size limited statistical power, and the effect of medication and multiple comparisons cannot be excluded, although these effects were considered in the interpretation of the present results. ConclusionLongitudinal increases of VLPFC/aTC activation were associated with improvement in social adaptation in patients with BD and those with MDD. NIRS measurement could be a useful tool for objective evaluation of changes in social adaptation in BD and MDD.

Oncoplastic resections for breast cancer

Oncoplastic resection (OPR) is alternative to radical resection in the classic version. Performing the OPR we can improve the aesthetic result of surgical stage of treatment, psychological and social adaptation of patients with breast cancer without increased risk of local recurrence without significant increase of risk of local recurrence.

Когнитивно-стилевые факторы защитного поведения больных шизофренией

The article deals with the problem of social adaptation of patients with the initial stage of paranoid schizophrenia; mechanisms of psychological defense directed on decreasing anxiety are considered as important forms of adaptation behavior of patients with paranoid schizophrenia; certain features of the cognitive sphere are at the basis of psychological defense. The author calls attention to a brief literature review of views of the nature of these cognitive features. On this evidence in the article they experimentally test a thesis that features of the cognitive-style sphere are the basis of choosing and activization of one or another form of psychological defense of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. This aspect of considering interrelation of a cognitive style and psychological defense is not reflected in domestic and foreign sources.The author has examined 80 patients with paranoid schizophrenia (with disease duration no more than a year); all the patients were in medicated remission at the moment of examination. For realization of research objectives the author has used psychodiagnostic techniques directed on studying features of defense behavior and characteristics of the cognitive-style sphere. As a result of the carried out research the author has revealed mechanisms of psychological defense prevailing in the structure of defense behavior of patients with paranoid schizophrenia: intellectualization, displacement, regression, compensation. By results of the carried out research, the basis of defense behavior of patients with the diagnosis “schizophrenia, a paranoid form” is a great differentiation and structuredness of information processing at excessive submission to situational factors and subjective difficulty of overcoming their influence; low accuracy of perceptual scanning with difficulties of distinguishing contextual significant signs in a multiple-choice situation, insufficiency of the preliminary analysis of the perceived information; low level of a categorial control.

Застосування холіну альфосцерату в пацієнтів із гострим ішемічним інсультом

Досліджено ефективність холіну альфосцерату в пацієнтів у гострий період ішемічного інсульту. Його застосування справляє виражений ефект на відновлення рухових і мовних функцій. Відзначено більш раннє відновлення свідомості й сприятливий вплив на психічну діяльність, продуктивне мислення, пам’ять і соціальну адаптацію пацієнтів у цілому.