Soccer Stadium Research Articles

The importance of being benched: soccer, contingency and re-enchantment

This essay argues that soccer still possesses the capacity to re-enchant the world. First, it delineates an evolutionary model of soccer history – a wave model – different to the nostalgics’ linear version of soccer history. Second, it argues that soccer can be considered a secular strategy of re-enchantment due to four reasons: soccer is not only agon (competition) but also arete (striving for excellence and beauty); the mental zone of both player and spectator is related to Kant’s idea of aesthetic experience as presupposing what he calls ‘disinterestedness’; soccer stadiums are places of secular sacrality; and soccer is determined by its high degree of contingency, but since instrumental reason and reduction of contingency are part and parcel of modern day soccer, it shall further be argued that the bench – due to it being the very embodiment of contingency – embodies a potentially enchanting countermove to the scientification of soccer.

العنف الرياضي في ملاعب كرة القدم الأردنية

The current study aimed to identify the level of sports violence in the Jordanian Soccer stadiums. The study sample consisted of (146) players, referees, administrators, and fans who were randomly selected from the population of the study. The results showed a medium level of violence in the Jordanian football stadiums from the point of view of the study sample and the lack of differences in the views of the study sample regarding the level of sports violence and riots in the Jordanian football stadiums due to the variables of age, educational level, sports rank, and marital status). The study recommended that it is necessary to activate on the role of media in highlight on positive sport events and avoid sports violence and improve qualification of sport referring and benefit from other countries' experiences like Turkey which applied laws and punishments on administrators, referees and players who behave negatively towards others with increasing the number of police in Football Stadiums. هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مستوى العنف الرياضي في ملاعب كرة القدم الأردنية، تم استخدام المنهج المسحي الوصفي وذلك لملائمته لطبيعة هذه الدراسة التي تم تطبيقها على عينة قوامها (146) فرد (لاعب من الدرجة الأولى والممتازة في إقليم الشمال، حكم، إداري، مشجع)، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من مجتمع الدراسة، وأظهرت النتائج وجود مستوى متوسط من العنف الرياضي في ملاعب كرة القدم الأردنية من وجهة نظر أفراد عينة الدراسة، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود اختلافات في آراء أفراد العينة حول مستوى العنف الرياضي في ملاعب كرة القدم الأردنية باختلاف المتغيرات (العمر، المستوى التعليمي، المكانة الرياضية، الحالة الاجتماعية)، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تفعيل دور وسائل الإعلام في التركيز على الأحداث الرياضية الإيجابية ونبذ العنف الرياضي، وضرورة رفع كفاءة التحكيم الرياضي، والاستفادة من تجارب الدول الأخرى مثل تركيا، تطبيق الأنظمة والعقوبات الرادعة على الإداريين واللاعبين والحكام الذين يصدر عنهم سلوك استفزازي تجاه الآخرين. وتكثيف تواجد رجال الأمن العام.

Voting on a NIMBY Facility

This paper provides a spatial analysis at precinct level of the 2001 referendum of the Allianz Arena, a professional soccer stadium in Munich in Germany. While at the city level voters clearly supported the sports arena, voters in proximity of the proposed site opposed the project. Voters in proximity of an alternative site instead supported the project. We conclude that residents expected net costs of proximity to stadia and engaged in the referendum in order to shift the stadium away from their neighborhood. These findings indicate that sport facilities may exhibit a NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) character, which stands in contrast to the evidence available for the United States. Proximity costs and benefits of sports facilities apparently vary across sports and countries.

Lifestyles and Preferences for (Public) Goods: Professional Football in Munich

This paper investigates the 2001 referendum on the Allianz-Arena, a professional soccer stadium in Munich, Germany, with respect to lifestyle-specific voter preferences. Using political party affiliation and milieu probabilities as proxy variables, we find that lifestyle-specific preferences, values and attitudes more significantly contribute to the explanation of voting outcome compared to traditional strata-orientated indicators of economic wealth. Thus, lifestyle, preferences, tastes and attitudes are not proportionally related to income. Results are robust to stadium proximity effects and spatial dependency.

Dictatorships, disasters, and African soccer: reflections on a moment in Zimbabwean soccer

This article is a reflection on a particular moment in Zimbabwean soccer, the National Sports Stadium disaster of July 2000. Reading the soccer stadium as a dense semiotic site with many slippages of symbols and meanings, the article draws links between the game of football and that of politics. Both games offer narratives of the nation that constantly collide and merge as they share the same features. Complex rules regulate both games but there is always a potential for dictatorship, subversion, and disaster. Using the trope suggested by the novelist, poet, and cultural critic, Chenjerai Hove, on dictatorship in soccer and politics, the article attends to areas of rule bending and flouting that diminish fair play and justice. The article uses the football stadium disaster genre to argue for a redemptive politics and politics of the human in the practices and ideologies of both ZANU PF and MDC, the arch-rivals in the political struggles in Zimbabwe.

How information guides movement: Intercepting curved free kicks in soccer

Previous studies have shown that balls subjected to spin induce large errors in perceptual judgments (Craig, Berton, Rao, Fernandez, & Bootsma, 2006; Craig et al., 2009) due to the additional accelerative force that causes the ball’s flight path to deviate from a standard parabolic trajectory. A recent review however, has suggested that the findings from such experiments may be imprecise due to the decoupling of perception and action and the reliance on the ventral system (van der Kamp, Rivas, van Doorn, & Savelsbergh, 2008). The aim of this study was to present the same curved free kick trajectory simulations from the perception only studies (Craig et al., 2006, 2009) but this time allow participants to move to intercept the ball. By using immersive, interactive virtual reality technology participants were asked to control the movement of a virtual effector presented in a virtual soccer stadium so that it would make contact with a virtual soccer ball as it crossed the goal-line. As in the perception only studies the direction of spin had a significant effect on the participants’ responses with significantly fewer balls being intercepted in the spin conditions when compared to no-spin conditions. A significantly higher percentage of movement reversals for the spin conditions served to highlight the link between information specifying ball heading direction and subsequent movement. The coherence of the findings for both the perception and perception/action study are discussed in light of the dual systems model for visual processing.

高等教育における芝生に関するカリキュラムの現状

The current state of the curriculum concerning the lawn in the higher education of our country was investigated. A lot of citizens hope for the space of lawn to be made in the stadium in rugby, the soccer stadium, and golf links, and so on, and more in the schoolyards, and parks. Unprofessional might be managed for the space of lawn. However, specialist's knowledge is necessary to create the space and lawn management. In a present higher education, how the curriculum concerning the lawn is going is clarified, and the current state of the specialist's training is clarified. From the results, curriculums concerning lawn are very a few. It became clear from these to only 13 schools, and 23 subjects that related to the lawn in the whole country. Moreover, it became clear also there were 12 subject to which the visit and the practice of actual lawn management were done besides the lecture. The research system that specializes in the lawn should be weak, and to train the specialist, the curriculum of these higher education be enhanced more in Japan.

How a Soccer Stadium Helps with an Education in Science and Seismology

neering undergraduate students from the university’s Faculty of Engineering. Several researchers teach a number of math, physics, geophysics, and seismology-related courses and are often on the lookout for undergraduate students whom they can recruit for their research activities. Conversely, a student might reach out to the researcher and indicate an interest in extending his or her activities beyond the classroom. Senior students who are more versed in the disciplines of geophysics often know which field they would like to extend their activities into and are more readily absorbed into some research group. However, if the student is still at an early stage in his or her degree, finding suitable activities for him or her is more challenging because of the student’s limited knowledge of the underlying physics and underdeveloped mathematical toolkit. Here we will discuss the experiences gained from such a case in which, under an adviser’s guidance, a student undertook a very simple yet enlightening research project in seismology at the middle of his degree in geophysics engineering. We will show how the project aided the student in preparing and devel oping basic scientific research methodologies, critical analysis capabilities, and essential seismological tools for a more serious investigation in seismology and tectonophysics that was to hap pen later as part of his undergraduate thesis. THE PROJECT With the intent of designing a research experience that was fun and engaging, yet scientifically sound, an old project that was almost a rumor was resurrected. The National Seismological Service (SSN), operated for the Mexican government by the IG, has a broadband network throughout the country. One of the stations, CUIG, is located in a vault within UNAM’s main campus in southern Mexico City. A basaltic masonry sta dium, built to host the 1968 Olympics with a seating capacity of 63,000, is located 1.5 km away from the seismometer (Figure 1). The Olympic glory is all but faded now, but the stadium still hosts one of the most popular teams in the Mexican profes

Research on the Role of Soccer Stadiums and City Planning

Research on the Role of Soccer Stadiums and City Planning

Owens Corning helps World Cup Soccer Stadium get greener with Cem-FIL® alkali-resistant glass fibers

Owens Corning helps World Cup Soccer Stadium get greener with Cem-FIL® alkali-resistant glass fibers

Soccer Attendees’ Preferences for Facilities at the Fionia Park Stadium: An Application of the Discrete Choice Experiment

The discrete choice experiment (DCE) is introduced in sports economics by empirically investigating soccer attendees’ preferences for facilities at a soccer stadium in Denmark. The appropriateness of the strategy of differentiating prices based on quality of opponents (A vs. B matches) is investigated. The results indicate that respondents are capable of understanding the exercise. The DCE is a useful and valid tool in assessing the strength of preferences for stadium facilities. The study found positive preferences for the investigated facilities, except for the use of cheerleaders where the authors observed some heterogeneity.

Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire

On Sunday April 13, 2008 a fire broke out on a grandstand in the Euroborg soccer stadium in Groningen The Netherlands. The polyamide chairs on the grandstand were set on fire and supporters were exposed to the emitted smoke which induced mild health effects. The Dutch government was concerned about potential health risks that such fires could have to exposed fans. Especially the exposure to toxic fumes was considered a risk because prior research has proven that large amounts of chemical compounds are emitted during the burning of chemical substances such as polyamide. Among these emitted compounds are HCN, CO, NO x , NH 3 and volatile organic compounds. To study if supporters were exposed to hazardous chemical compounds we designed a laboratory controlled replica of a part of the grandstand of the Euroborg stadium to perform fire-experiments. This simulation of the fire under controlled circumstances proved that a wide variety of chemicals were emitted. Especially the emission of CO and NO x were high, but also the emission of formaldehyde might be toxicologically relevant. The emission of HCN and NH 3 were less than expected. Exposure assessment suggests that the exposure to NO x is the main health risk for the supporters that were present at the Euroborg fire.

A mulher nos estádios: das plumas ao disfarce

No começo do século XX, durante os primeiros anos do futebol no Brasil, a mulher era presençamarcante nos estádios, assim como as famílias. Como se tratava de um esporte amador adotado pela elite brasileira, as arquibancadas ficavam lotadas de moças elegantes, vestidas segundo a moda europeia, com seus chapéus enfeitados de flores e plumas que davam um colorido peculiar ao local. No decorrer do século, no entanto, a mulher vai, gradualmente, afastando-se do futebol, e o estádio passa a ser visto, cada vez mais, como um ambiente masculino.

DE PAUS E PEDRAS A PALAVRAS: BREVE INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O INSULTO COMO LINGUAGEM DISFÊMICA

This paper focuses on swearing – the use of “bad language” – in the form of insults uttered by youngsters and adults in soccer stadiums within the context of Italian immigrant descendents in Northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Considering that an insult is an offence towards a person and/or the group to which s/he belongs and towards the values which identify them, by investigating language forms used and semantic categories they relate to we are able to get a better understanding of the culture of the region under study

Field research concerning contra-flow as a measure for massive evacuation

The present study concerns a practice test that aimed at investigating to what extent contra flow or reverse laning (Dutch: tegenverkeer) works well in the Netherlands and how participating car drivers evaluate it. Reverse laning may be a solution for a capacity problem in case all lanes of roads are needed to evacuate large areas. To that end, the lanes of the Bornholmstraat (an entry / exit street near the Euroborg Soccer Stadium in Groningen) were reversed in one, outward-bound direction after a selected FC Groningen soccer match. The coincidental participants received a short questionnaire that contained a few questions concerning their behavior, opinions and feelings about the evacuation. To maximize the response rate a bonus was announced; if they returned the questionnaire, it gave them a chance of winning VIP tickets for a FC Groningen match. The 690 useful respondents who had driven in the reversed lanes situation thought that the test setup was safe and understandable; 79.3% had chosen the right lane corresponding to their stated destination, 79.2% had felt safe. Capacity gains by an extra traffic lane in the outward-bound direction were estimated at 50 to 80%, leading to the conclusion that reverse laning may well be used in Dutch evacuation plans. Recommendations are made to that purpose.

Locating Intermediality: Socialization by Communication and Consumption in the Popular Cultural Third Places of the Music Club and Football Stadium

Based on two different case studies in the realm of popular culture, my contribution will clarify the mechanisms involved in the (symbolic) production and consumption of space. The music club and the soccer stadium function much in the same way, as interfaces between producers and consumers of places, prompting “prosumption of space” (Raumprosumenten). A loss of function in such “third places” cannot be linked to the transition from informal cellar clubs to (soberly designed) regional discos outside the city – or from the national-league stadium to the World Cup arena (also outside the city). Nor can it be attributed to the mediatization of these spaces by technology. On the contrary, we find an exponentiation of what third places had always already been, spaces of “intermediality” (between work and leisure, between seriousness and play, between young people and adults). In the World Cup stadium, unique events, experiences and communicative propensities are produced in a highly consistent manner by means of communication on different levels in series. In such cases, the spectators in the stadium, just like visitors to music clubs, rarely behave as passive consumers of what is staged, yet both groups contribute by their presence and symbolic activity to the success of such productions in the stadium and the club.

Orangutans

Orangutans

Evaluation of a CT triage protocol for mass casualty incidents: results from two large-scale exercises

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, stability, and reproducibility of a dedicated CT protocol for the triage of patients in two separate large-scale exercises that simulated a mass casualty incident (MCI). In both exercises, a bomb explosion at the local soccer stadium that had caused about 100 casualties was simulated. Seven casualties who were rated "critical" by on-site field triage were admitted to the emergency department and underwent whole-body CT. The CT workflow was simulated with phantoms. The history of the casualties was matched to existing CT examinations that were used for evaluation of image reading under MCI conditions. The times needed for transfer and preparation of patients, examination, image reconstruction, total time in the CT examination room, image transfer to PACS, and image reading were recorded, and mean capacities were calculated and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. We found no significant time differences in transfer and preparation of patients, duration of CT data acquisition, image reconstruction, total time in the CT room, and reading of the images. The calculated capacities per hour were 9.4 vs. 9.8 for examinations completed, and 8.2 vs. 7.2 for reports completed. In conclusion, CT triage is feasible and produced constant results with this dedicated and fast protocol.

Stadiums and society in twenty‐first century Buenos Aires

Greater Buenos Aires (GBA) has 69 soccer stadiums, more than any other city. It is also home to ritualized, violent conflicts between soccer fans, and between fans and police. In a stark contrast to stadiums in Europe, Asia and North America, every soccer stadium in GBA has protective fences lining the fields, most topped with razor wire. The institutional structure of soccer in Argentina and the multitude of actors associated with the stadiums in GBA complicate the management and control of the urban environment as well as the stadiums themselves. By examining the roles of soccer clubs, fans, police, government and the media in the control and operation of soccer stadiums, this essay explores the connections between soccer, society, conflict and urban governance in Argentina’s largest city.

매체노출에 따른 프로축구경기장 내 유형별 보드광고에 대한 스폰서 브랜드 회상 연구

매체노출에 따른 프로축구경기장 내 유형별 보드광고에 대한 스폰서 브랜드 회상 연구