Snakehead Fish Extract Research Articles

The Effectiveness of the Combination of Snakehead Fish Extract and Acupresure on Albumin Conditions and Blood Pressure of Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia

One of the causes of maternal death is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are caused by factors that decrease serum albumin (hypoalbuminemia) which causes a decrease in intravascular hypovolemic pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of snakehead fish extract and acupressure on albumin levels and blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The research method is a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design study and was conducted at a health center in Central Java, Indonesia. A sample of 30 subjects; 15 subjects in the experimental group, and 15 subjects in the control group. The experimental group was given snakehead fish extract 2x 500 mg every day for 14 days and acupressure at points GV 20, Li 3, and Ki 3 6 times for 14 days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were performed on day 1 and day 14. Data analysis used paired parametric t test. The results showed that snake head extract and acupressure for 14 days had a significant decrease in diastolic from 12 mmHg to 10.66 mmHg (p=0.000), while in the control group there was no decrease in systolic blood pressure of 0.667 (p=0.670) and systolic blood pressure was 0.667 (p=0.670). pressure 0.667 (p=0.670). diastolic 2.66 p=0.041. In the experimental group there was an increase in albumin levels of 1.12 (p = 0.000. In the control group, albumin levels were -0.14 before and after the measurement did not affect albumin levels with a value of p = 0.082. Giving snakehead fish extract and acupressure at the KI 3 point, LV3, and GV 20 were effective in increasing albumin levels and lowering blood pressure in preeclamptic women.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Terapi Ekstrak Ikan Gabus Dengan Putih Telur Dan Human Albumin 20% Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Albumin Pasien Hipoalbuminemia Di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin

Hypoalbuminemia is a condition where blood albumin levels are less than 3.5 g/dL. In this condition, there will be disruption to the physiological processes in the body. There is a relationship between low albumin levels with an increased risk of infectious complications, a high mortality rate in hospitalized patients, both non-surgical and surgical patients. To restore the important function of albumin, intervention is needed to increase albumin levels in the blood. Human albumin infusion is the most common. However, because of the high price, many other alternatives have been investigated to increase plasma albumin levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of snakehead fish extract therapy, compared with egg white and 20% human albumin in increasing albumin levels in hypoalbuminemic patients so that it can save costs and can improve the quality of life of hypoalbuminemia. This research is a quantitative research with Randomized Control Trial design. Samples were collected from August to October 2021 in the surgical inpatient ward of RSUD dr Zainoel Abidin. Data were collected from 36 samples, then divided into 3 treatment groups, namely the egg white group, the snakehead fish extract group and the Human Albumin group. The study used a randomized, blinded clinical trial. The data taken is albumin levels. The data were tested for normality with the Kolmogrov-Sminrnov test, then continued with the ANOVA test. The results obtained 36 samples that meet the inclusion criteria. The average level of increase in the egg white group was -0.0792 (Sig. 0.51), the snakehead fish extract group was 0.1625 (sig. 0.429) and the Human Albumin group was 0.237 (sig. 0.431). From the results of these studies giving snakehead fish extract can be an alternative therapy to treat hypoalbuminemia conditions.Keywords: Hypoalbuminemia, Albumin, Egg white, Snakehead Fish Extract, Human Albumin

The effect of snakehead fish extract on acute wound healing process in hyperglycemic rats

Introduction: Wound healing is an integrated response to tissue injury. A hyperglycemic state can lead to delayed wound healing process. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is native freshwater fish of South East Asia that contains high protein, albumin, and several micronutrients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of snakehead fish extract on acute wound healing process in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: This study was an experimental trial on the hyperglycemic animal model. Thirty male Wistar streptozotocin-induced rats were divided into two groups which were then given snakehead fish extract (Pujimin Plus®) 81mg a day for 10 days after wound infliction in intervention group and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (Na-CMC) in control group. On day 0, day 3, and day 10 after wound infliction, the histological changes (number of neutrophil and fibroblast, and vascular changes of the wounded tissues) of each group were analyzed. Assessments were also made on erythema and crust formation by the visual scores.Results: Our study showed a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts on day 3 in the snakehead fish extract group compared to control group (40.33 ± 10.13 vs. 24.60 ± 10.25, p =0.04). There were no significant differences in vasculature and neutrophil numbers. The results also showed snakehead fish extract could decrease mean erythema visual score on day 3 (3.24 ± 0.25 vs. 3.64 ± 0.35) and decreased crust formation on day 5 (3.36 ± 0.75 vs 3.44 ± 0.83).Conclusions: Snakehead fish extract has potential effect to accelerate the wound healing process by increasing fibroblast, decreasing erythema, and decreasing crust formation in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Organoleptic study of the powdered and liquid snakehead fish (Channa striata) extracts with different shelf times

The snakehead fish extract (SFE) is known for its medical potential and commercially valuable nutraceutical properties, including for diabetic therapy. Before marketing, it is necessary to test the feasibility of consumer acceptance and nutritional consistency. Therefore, this study aims to examine the organoleptic characteristics of SFE prepared with different methods and varying shelf-times. Two preparation methods were used namely dry and liquid which was stored at different shelf-times of 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Subsequently, the organoleptic quality of each group was tested and statistically analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the best value of shelf time was found at 4 weeks and consumers preferred the powder form of SFE rather than the liquid. The range preferential value of powdered SFE was 3.01-3.8, while the liquid form was 1.8-2.95.

Effect of Snakehead Fish and Sea Cucumber Extract Administration on Mast Cell Infiltration, Interlukin-6 (IL-6), and Albumin Levels in Burns and Surgical Wounds

Introduction: Burn injury impairs almost every organ system, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Meanwhile, the phases included in burn healing are inflammation, cell recruitment, matrix deposition, epithelialization, and tissue remodeling phase. Previous studies showed that snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract have these effects and are beneficial in burn and post-surgery wounds. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract supplementation towards mast cell infiltration, IL-6, and albumin level in burn and post-surgery wounds. Materials and Methods: A double-blind randomized control trial was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta in November 2017 on 30 subjects, which were divided into 2 groups. Mast cell infiltration was observed on burn and post-surgery wounds colored with Toluidine Blue, while IL-6 and albumin were measured -blood, where both groups had comparable basic characteristics. Results and Discussion: There was a statistically insignificant (p=0.835) higher increase in albumin level in the treatment group, while an insignificant (p=0.056) greater decrease also occur in the IL-6 level. The decrease in cell mast infiltration after treatment was also higher and not statistically significant (p=0.526). Previous studies showed that amino acids from snakehead fish play an important role in wound healing. Meanwhile, high EPA content in sea cucumber is due to its ability as an Echinodermata to regenerate tissue. It was also discovered that the results available about sea cucumber and sea snake extract on wound healing are different based on the skin condition after the use of the extracts. Conclusion: Snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract supplementation can increase albumin level, decrease IL-6 level and mast cell infiltration in burn or post-surgery wounds.

Effect Of Snakehead Fish Extract On Kidney Function In Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

Background — Most malignancy patients that undergo radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, especially those with malignancy of the pelvic region, are accompanied by hypoalbuminemia and kidney injury. Human albumin has been shown to have nephroprotective effects. Snakehead fish extract, a consumable source of albumin, can be an effective and cheap alternative to reduce the risk of kidney injury in malignancy patients. Objective — Analyze the effect of snakehead fish extract on urea, creatinine, and albumin serum levels in radiotherapy patients. Material and Methods — This study was conducted on patients undergoing radiotherapy. They were divided into two groups, each consisting of 15 patients; the control group was given a placebo and the experimental group was given snakehead fish extract. Albumin, urea, and creatinine serum levels were determined respectively by the bromocresol green method, urease method, and jaffe method, both before and after treatment. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results — The serum albumin level decreased in both groups. While it dropped further in the treatment group than in the control group, the difference was not significant. Urea and creatinine serum levels decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group. Once more, however, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion — The administration of snakehead fish extract had no significant effect on albumin, urea, or creatinine serum levels in patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Production of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract dispersion by homogenization method

Snakehead fish has a variety of nutritional content needed, both for maintaining body health and as medicine. However, not everyone can consume snakehead fish because it has a fishy aroma. So that various innovations emerged to overcome this, one of which was to make a dispersion product of snakehead fish extract as a dietary supplement. The previously produced dispersion product is still unstable. Dispersion will be stable when it has a small particle size. One way to reduce the particle size of dispersion is by using the homogenization method. This study aimed to obtain the best conditions for making a dispersion of snakehead fish extract by homogenization method with variations in speed and time. The method used in this study is the manufacture of snakehead fish extract dispersion with variations in the homogenization speed of 21,500 rpm and 24,000 rpm using Ultra Turrax T25 for 10 minutes and 20 minutes, then analysed the particle size and phase separation ratio. The results showed that the particle size was still relatively large, ranging from 3.09 µm – 4.09 µm. As well as precipitation still occurs, this can be seen from the results of the phase separation ratio in each treatment ranging from 0.124 cm - 0.173 cm. The results obtained are still unstable. The determination of the best treatment in this study is based on minimal energy with a shorter time, namely the homogenization treatment of 21,500 rpm for 10 minutes.

Accelerated Stability Test of Snakehead Fish Extract (Channa striata) and Kelulut Honey (heterotrigona itama) Ointment Combination with Tween 80 and Span 80 as an Emulsifying Agent

The combination of Snakehead Fish and Kelulut Honey has activity in accelerating the wound healing process. The ointment with active ingredients of Snakehead Fish extract and Kelulut Honey showed separation from the active ingredient and its base. The addition of tween 80 and span 80 is expected to increase the stability of the ointment preparation by keeping the water-phase droplets distributed uniformly on the ointment base. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Tween 80 and Span 80 on the stability of the ointment preparation. The ointment was made by varying Tween 80 and span 80 by 2,5%: 5%: 7,5% and control (active ingredients without the addition of tween 80 and Span 80) as a comparison. The preparation was subjected to an accelerated stability test using a temperature of 40 ° ± 2 ° C / Relative humidity 75% ± 5% for 28 days by observing the organoleptic test, adhesion, spreadability, homogeneity test, pH test, and protection power. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One Way Anova. The analysis showed that the addition of tween 80 and span 80 with a total concentration of 5% and 7,5% had a significant effect in increasing the spreadability, decreasing adhesion, and reducing the pH of the preparation. Formulas that meet the requirements in this study are F2 and F3, which have an average spreadability of 5,11 cm and 5,25 cm, adhesion of 96 seconds and 51 seconds, and pH of 6,02 and 5,02.

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Ascendens Colon Perforation Due to Intestinal Tuberculosis With Severe Malnutrition: A Case Report

ObjectivesIntestinal tuberculosis (TB) cases increased with the increase in TB cases in general. Intestinal TB was found in 11% of extrapulmonary TB patients. Severe malnutrition was associated with poor outcome in TB patients. Due to inflammation process, TB patients were in hypermetabolic conditions which caused increase in nutritional requirements. Intestinal TB with severe malnutrition need spesific nutritional therapy, tailored to each patient based on their nutritional status and clinical condition. MethodsA 41-year old male patient with severe malnutrition (body mass index 17,9 kg/m2) diagnosed with post laparotomy due to perforation of ascending colon due to Intestinal TB. Oral intake decreased due to loss of appetite and abdominal pain. Patient showed pale in conjunctival, loss of subcutaneous fat, wasting and edema in extremities. Laboratory findings were anemia (7.5 g/dL), hypoalbuminemia (2.4 g/dL), hyponatremia (130 mmol/L), hypokalemia (3.0 mmol/L) and severe depletion of total lymphocyte count (477/mL). Patient suffered from post-operative complications in the form of post-operative ileus, low output enterocutaneous fistula and suspected an anastomoses leakage. ResultsMedical nutrition therapy was given with a total calorie of 1175 kcal and increased gradually to 2000 kcal, protein 0.8–2 g/Ideal Body Weight/day using high protein formula and amino acids parenteral nutrition, including glutamine infussion. We administered suplementations which were zinc, multivitamins, curcuma and snakehead fish extract. Patient was discharged after 37 days with clinical and functional capacity improvement assessed with handgrip dynamometer from 11.2 to 23.4 kg. Laboratory improvement were Hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL, Albumin 2.8 mg/dL, Sodium 143 mmol/L, Potassium 4.2 mmol/L and Total lymphocyte count 904/mL. Post-operative complications were improved. ConclusionsMalnourished patient with intestinal TB who undergoing surgery had an increased risk of nutritional deficiencies and postoperative complications. Specific nutritional therapy to reduce inflammation or hypermetabolic, and to treat post surgical complications, proper monitoring and nutritional education results in a good outcome for patient. Funding SourcesThe author(s) received no financial support for the research, autorship and/or publication of this article.

Ointment formulation of snakehead fish (Channa striata) Extract with variations of CMC-Na and carbopol

Snakehead fish ( Channa striata ) and kelulut honey ( Trigona sp .) have the potential to accelerate the wound-healing process. These natural ingredients are formulated in the form of ointment because ointment is an external medicine that is easy to apply and has long contact with the skin. Previous research has shown that the snakehead fish extract ointment undergoes phase separation, so it needs a material that can bind the snakehead fish extract and kelulut honey as the active substances in the preparation. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of CMC-Na (3%, 4.5%, 6%) and Carbopol (0.5%, 1%, 2%) as a binder on the ointment physical properties and to determine the best snakehead fish ( Channa striata ) extract ointment formulation. The ointment of snakehead fish extract was tested for organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, and adhesion. The test results were analyzed by One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the higher the concentrations of CMC-Na and Carbopol used, the greater the adhesive power and the lower the spreadability. Ointment with Carbopol has a wider spreadability and a softer consistency than ointment with CMC-Na. The best formulation is shown by the Carbopol 0.5% (F4) formula, where the average spreadability with a load of 150 g is 5.09 cm and the average adhesion is 229 seconds.

The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract on Inflammation Reaction of Skin Wound Tissue in Rattus novergicus Wistar Strain

Background: Snakehead fish has been associated with wound healing due to its high albumin content. Albumin can accelerate the inflammatory process so that tissue repair will be faster. Lack of albumin protein causes a person tend to experience prolonged wound healing. Purpose: This study aims to prove the effect of snakehead fish extract on the number of macrophages and blood vessels on the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue in rats. Methods: Laboratory experimental design with a total sample size of 27 male rats have undergone incisions, divided into 3 random groups: control group was given aquadest, treatment group 1was given aquadest and 50% extract of snakehead fish, and treatment group 2 was given 100% extract of snakehead fish. The rat’s skin wound tissues were taken on day 5 and observed under the microscope. The average number of macrophages and blood vessels on granulation tissue that formed at the base of the wound were counted and then performed data analysis. Result: In this study, we found a down wards trend in the average number of macrophages and blood vessels in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. The control group and the treatment group 2 showed a significant difference, however, between the other groups did not show significant difference. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of giving 100% snakehead fish extract on decreased macrophages and blood vessels in the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue.

The Effect of Oral Albumin Intake on Serum Albumin Levels in Preeclamsia Patients With Hypoalbuminemia in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Introduction : Albumin main function is maintaining the plasma colloid oncotic pressure. Preeclampsia cause a decrease in serum albumin in the pregnant woman. Low albumin levels increase mortality, longer wound healing and longer hospital stays. The intake of oral albumin is expected to be effective in increasing the level of albumin in the blood.Objective : To determine the effect of freeze dryer method intake compared to liquid snakehead fish extract in patients with preeclampsia and hypoalbuminemia.Material and methods : Using pre and post-test control group design.The total sample was 38 patients with severe preeclampsia with hypoalbuminemia, divided into control and intervention groups. Control was given the intake of liquid snakehead fish extract, in the intervention was given the Freeze dryer method. The research data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test method and the Wilcoxon test.Results : In the intervention group the mean pretest albumin level was 2.66 ± 0.17 gr / dl and on the 4th day it was 3.13 ± 0.16 gr / dl (p = 0.000). In the control group the mean pretest albumin level was 2.72 ± 0.15 gr / dl and on the 4th day it became 3.06 ± 0.14 gr / dl (p = 0.000). On the 4th day after treatment, the increase in serum albumin levels in the intervention group was 0.47 ± 0.19 gr / dl; whereas in the control group was 0.34 ± 0.10 gr / dl with a value of p = 0.031 (p <0.05).Conclusion : The freeze dryer method (freeze dryer method ) for the Cork Fish Extract resulted in a higher increase in albumin levels than the liquid snakehead fish extract.Keywords: Preeclampsia, Hypoalbuminemia, freeze dryer method of Snakehead Fish Extract

Medical nutrition therapy in hemodynamically unstable patients due to cardiogenic shock with infected bronchiectasis and severe protein-energy malnutrition

ObjectiveCardiogenic shock is defined as tissue hypoperfusion due to cardiac dysfunction. It is associated with hemodynamic unstability and elevated arterial lactate as one indicator for anaerobic metabolism. Hypercatabolic state in this condition leads to increasing nutritional requirement and negative nitrogen balance. Therefore, medical nutrition therapy by considering metabolic tolerance can prevent further metabolic deterioration and loss of lean mass and improve the patient's clinical outcome. MethodsA 44-years-old female patient with severe protein-energy malnutrition (Subjective Global Assessment Score C; MUAC 15cm) suffered from hemodynamic unstability due to cardiogenic shock and infected bronchiectasis at the infection center of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Intake was postponed due to mean arterial pressure 56mmHg on vasopressor support and oxygen saturation below 93%. Physical examinations showed loss of subcutaneous fat, lung crackles and wheezing, muscle wasting, and pretibial edema. Laboratory assessments showed elevated arterial lactate (3.2mmol/L), hypoalbuminemia (2.4g/dL), lymphocytopenia (650/μL), elevated liver enzymes (SGOT 780U/L; SGPT 868U/L), and urine urea nitrogen (5g/24h). Nutritional therapy was started after mean arterial pressure ≥65mmHg with a stable dosage of the vasopressor drug and decreased arterial lactate level to 2.2mmol/L then given gradually with a target calorie of 1500kcal and protein 1.5–1.8g/kg ideal body weight/day using high protein diet. Arterial lactate and blood gass analyses were controlled every day to determine the target of nutritional therapy day by the day. Snakehead fish extract, zinc, vitamin B complex, Thiamine, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D3, and Curcumin were supplied. ResultAfter 15 days of nutritional therapy, the patient was discharged from the hospital with stable hemodynamic without vasopressor support, adequate nutritional intake, improvement of anthropometric parameters, and laboratory test results (arterial lactate 1.6mmol/L, albumin 3.1g/dL, lymphocyte 1.871/μL, SGOT 34U/L, SGPT 41U/L, urine urea nitrogen 0.72g/24h). ConclusionAdequate nutritional therapy, which is planned by evaluating hemodynamic tolerance, can improve patient clinical outcomes and positive nitrogen balance in the hemodynamically unstable patient.

Medical nutritional therapy in infected bronchiectasis with impending respiratory failure: A case report

ObjectiveBronchiectasis is a chronic infective and inflammatory respiratory disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Repeated respiratory infections may lead to infected bronchiectasis (IB) and acute exacerbations which often require hospital admission, increase risk of malnutrition and impact quality of life and eventually leads to death. Nutritional therapy is needed to modulate inflammation and enhance immunity to reduce severity of exacerbation, overcome malnutrition, as well as to decrease morbidity and mortality. MethodsA 59-year-old female patient, diagnosed with IB. The patient had low oral intake due to productive cough and anorexia since 2 weeks before admission. Moreover, she had gradual shortness of breath that caused an impending respiratory failure during hospitalization, supported by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Nutritional assessment was made based on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score C. Abnormal laboratory findings seen were increased in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) 9.3, moderate depletion of immune system with total lymphocyte count (TLC) 808.4/μl, hypoalbuminemia (3.2g/dl) and increased in liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 206U/l, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 224U/l. Nutritional therapy was given gradually with target calorie 1400–1900kcal, protein 0.8–1.5g/kg IBW/day, carbohydrates 45–50%, and fat 33.3–43% through oral and parenteral nutrition. The patient was given supplementations such as vitamins (A, B complex, C, D), zinc, curcumin and snakehead fish extract high albumin content. ResultAfter 14 days of treatment, significant clinical and metabolic improvement in NLR, TLC, plasma albumin, liver enzymes (AST/ALT), blood gas analysis, and functional capacity (handgrip strength) were found. ConclusionAn adequate nutritional therapy with macro and micro-nutrients in IB patient can improve clinical outcome, nutritional status and quality of life.

The Effects of the Supplementation with Snakehead Fish and Sea Cucumber Extracts on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Post-Operative Patients

Wound healing is a complex process that involves the interaction between Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cells and mediated by cytokines and various growth factors, especially platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which plays a role in almost every phase of wound healing. Applying snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract containing amino acids and fatty acids in post-operative patients is expected to increase PDGF levels and enable the acceleration of the wound healing process. This study was a double-blind randomized control trial with a pre and post-treatment approach which involved 34 post-operative patients divided into two groups; the control group (K1) and treatment group (K2) and was carried out from April to June 2019 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta. Independent sample T-test was used for data with normal distribution to determine the mean differences between the control and treatment groups, while the Mann-Whitney test was used for data with the abnormal distribution. Also, to determine the mean difference before and after the treatment of one paired group, a paired T-test was used for data with normal distribution, while the Wilcoxon test was used for data with the abnormal distribution. p < 0.05 was significant with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). The supplementation of snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract significantly increased PDGF levels in the treatment group (K2) compared to the controls group (K1) (p <0.001). Our findings showed that snakehead fish and sea cucumber extract were able to increase PDGF levels in post-operative patients on the fourth day.

Snakehead fish extract as an enhancer of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide levels in cerebral angiogenesis: an insight of stroke therapy.

Aim To assess the effect of snakehead fish extract administration in angiogenesis focusing on the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO) and VEGF receptor 2(R2) expression is ischemic stroke models. Methods An experimental study was conducted on 5 groups of ischemic stroke rats models: Group K- without carotid artery ligation, Group K+ with artery ligation, Group P1 with artery ligation and administration of 200 mg/day extract, Group P2 with artery ligation and 400 mg/day extract, and Group P3 with artery ligation and 800 mg/day extract. The VEGF expression and NO levels were assessed on day 3. Results Snakehead fish extract significantly increased VEGF levels along with increasing doses, in which the highest VEGF level was observed in P3 group (361.7±40.2; p<0.001). The NO level also increased along with an increasing dose of snakehead fish extract, in which the highest NO level was found in P3 group(59.43±0.88 μmol/gr; p<0.001). The VEGFR2 expression also increased significantly after snakehead extract administration along with increasing doses (p<0.001) in which administration of 800mg extract yielded the highest VEGFR2 expression compared with lower doses (17.7 vs. 15.6; p<0.001) Conclusion Snakehead fish extract administration increased angiogenesis process marked by an increased level of VEGF, NO and VEGFR2 expression in ischemic stroke rat models.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dan Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) terhadap Kesembuhan Luka Insisi pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aimed to determine the effect of snakehead fish extracts (Channa striata) and turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) towards incision wound healing in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-four male rats, aged 8-week-old, 200-300 grams of body weight divided into 4 groups: control (P0), treatment with povidone iodine as positive control (P1), treatment with snakehead fish extract (P2) and treatment with turmeric extract (P3). The rats were given premedication consisting of acepromazine 0.5 mg kg / BW and atropine 10 mg / kg BW. The rats were then anesthetized using ketamine 0.1 mg / kg BW. An incision was made on each rats’ back area along 2 cm with 0.05 mm depth and observed for 14 days. Observations were carried out every day with data collection at &lt;7 days, 7-14 days, and 14 days. The One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis resulted that the wound fluid parameters and the duration of wound healing showed no significant difference between P0, P1, P2 and P3. This study concluded that the administration of povidone iodine, snakehead fish extract, and turmeric extract influenced the healing of incision wounds in rats.

The effect of snakehead fish extract supplementation to first-line eradication regimen on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in rats induced by Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective:This work was organized to assess macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in snakehead fish extract supplementation to first-line eradication regimen in rats induced by Helicobacter pylori infection.Materials and methods:A total of 28 manly rats were haphazardly isolated equally into four groups. Group-1 was the control negative, and groups-2–4 were H. pylori-infected groups. Group-2 was the control positive. Groups-3 and 4 were treated with first-line eradication regimen and first-line eradication regimen supplemented with snakehead fish extract, respectively. Immunoreactive scores (IRS) of MIF expression and eradication testing procedure were carried out. The comparison and difference between groups were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be a limit of significance.Results:The average IRS of MIF expression in group-2 was the highest among other groups (p < 0.05). Group-4 (supplemented by snakehead fish extract) had a lower median value IRS of MIF expression compared to group-3 [1.0 (0.0–2.0) vs. 3.5 (2.0–6.0), p = 0.004].Conclusion:MIF expression was higher in rats induced by H. pylori infection. Snakehead fish extract supplementation to first-line eradication regimen significantly reduces more MIF expression compared to a single administration of first-line eradication regimen in rats induced by H. pylori infection.

The Influence of Channa Striata Extract Emulgel on Incision Wound Healing in White Rats

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) have high albumin content, a protein needed for cell development and the formation of new tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of snakehead fish extract emulgel given topically on incision wounds in white rats. The parameters of wound healing consist of wound length, a number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and density of collagen. The white rats divide into three groups of (n = 6), one group was given the emulgel base as the negative control, one group of povidone-iodine as the positive control, and one group of snakehead fish extract 10% emulgel. White rats were sacrificed on the third and seventh days for microscopic observations. The results showed that snakehead fish extract emulgel can accelerate incision wound healing: decrease wound length, increase the number of neutrophil and macrophages cells, increase the average number of fibroblasts and increase collagen density on white rats.

The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients

To evaluate the Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients. This research is a clinical research with Quasi-Experimental method . The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which carried out before being given treatment and post-test carried out after being treated. The population of this study was all post-neurosurgical patients that treated at the West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital. Each patient who underwent surgery and included within research criteria was given Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) up to 3 weeks after surgery and the wound has healed. The sample consisted of 37 patients with criteria of over 18 years of age and no kidney disorders (proteinuria). The results of the data distribution of 37 patients stated that there were 12 males (32.4%) and 25 females (67.6%). The most number of diagnosis were abnormalities of meningioma and skull defect (17; 46% and 13; 35,1%). Mostly patients spent 8 – 14 days to control post-operatively (22; 59,4%). It was found that the pre-operative and post-operative albumin serum level had no significant difference (the significance value 0.115). The pre-operative and post-treatment albumin levels had a significant difference (a significance value of 0.003). However, albumin levels in post-operative and post-treatment had significant differences (significance value (0.001). This research is important for several reasons, including therapy in patients with pre-operative or recovery period after surgery. Snakehead fish can increase serum albumin levels in patients after surgery. The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which was carried out before being given treatment and post-tests carried out after being treated. The treatment plan could be concisely reported.