SMe Group Research Articles

Peri-Selective Direct Acylmethylation and Amidation of Naphthalene Derivatives Using Iridium and Rhodium Catalysts

AbstractAn iridium-catalyzed acylmethylation and a rhodium-catalyzed amidation of naphthalene derivatives are reported, adopting sulfoxonium ylides and dioxazolones as carbene and nitrene transfer agents, respectively. The use of SMe group as a directing group was key to ensure the peri-selective functionalization, and it can be easily removed or diversely transformed to other synthetically useful functionalities after the catalysis.

Finansijska situacija i izazovi za upravljanje MSP bolnicama - dokazi iz Poljske

The hospital represents a specific organisation, operating in a turbulent environment and financed to a large extent by public funds. The health sector is exposed to constant political and social pressure. This causes significant problems with maintaining its financial stability, which particularly affects hospitals in the SME sector. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between selected financial indicators and some environmental phenomena that affect the financial situation and future financial stability of a selected group of hospitals from the SME group. The results will also be compared to the situation of other SME entities. The research is based on descriptive analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis of selected data. The results indicate that the financial situation of hospitals belonging to the SME group differs significantly from the overall SME sector, and does not bode positively for their future development. The current financial situation presents particular challenges for managers in balancing financial streams and ensuring economic sustainability. At the same time, this situation should encourage decision-makers to ensure an adequate level of revenues for these public service providers, as well as face other challenges related to operational management.

Analisis Penerapan Dan Pengembangan Manajemen Operasional Desain Produk Dan Rantai Pasokan Pada UKM Kelompok Pahari Palangka Raya

This study uses a qualitative approach and the type of research used is descriptive research. Types of data are primary data and secondary data. Operational management of product design that is appropriate to increase sales results of SME Rattan Group Pahari Palangka Raya products by applying eight aspects of product design (form, features, performance, suitability, durability, reliability, style, and ease of repair) with priority on products and prices. marketed. The proper operational management of the supply chain to increase the output of the SME Rattan of the Pahari Palangka Raya Group is by implementing a multi-supplier supply chain strategy with priority on family, cost, quality and distance. The driving factor for the progress of the Pahari Palangka Raya Rattan SME Group is having a business license, emphasizing product quality and quality, affordable prices, in terms of motifs, sizes and designs that can be adjusted according to consumer desires, and timeliness of processing. While the inhibiting factors for the progress of this business are the emergence of competitors, differences in prices with other products, and the products offered have in common with other products.

Pengaruh Program "Yuk Nabung Saham" Terhadap Minat Investasi Pada Kelompok UKM di Kota Prabumulih Sumatera Selatan

Let's Save Stocks Against Investment Interest in SMEs Group in Prabumulih City, South Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the "Yuk Nabung Saham" program on investment interest in the SME group in Prabumulih City, South Sumatra. The research method used in this study using a survey method. By collecting primary data and secondary data. The selection of the research location was determined deliberately (purposive sampling) then the data obtained would be analyzed using the T test with simple linear regression. The population selection in this study was the UKM group in Prabumulih as many as 5,436 UKM, the method of determining the sample used was purposive sampling with the consideration of respondents who were influencers / deciders, with sampling using the Slovin Umar formula (2013), so the sample to be used in this study is as many as 98 respondents representing a randomly selected population. The results show that the value of the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination can be used to determine the proportion of the independent variables (X) in explaining the Y variable.The correlation coefficient of 0.827 indicates that there is a strong and unidirectional influence between saving stocks and investment interest in the Prabumulih City UKM group. . The coefficient of determination is 0.827 or 82.7%, the variation of saving stocks, which can explain the investment interest variable, while the remaining 13.7% is explained by other variables not examined in this study. 
 Keywords: Saving Stocks and Investment Interest

Model Of Partnership Agreement Between Medium Small Businesses (Smes) And Big Businesses In Realizing Joint Welfare

The objectives of this study is to examine the partnership agreement model between SMEs and Large Enterprises in creating shared prosperity and to examine the principles’ application of the agreement in partnership that can provide protection for SMEs in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is analytical descriptive which aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of the partnership agreement in Indonesia. Data about the business partnership agreement and its implementation are then analyzed to answer the research problem. Based on analysis, the results of this study showed that 1) the partnership agreement model between SMEs and Large Enterprises in creating shared prosperity must begin with efforts to apply the principles of the agreement and business ethics in the partnership agreement. 2) the application of the principles of agreement in partnership in practice has not yet run optimally, there are still many partnership agreements that have been deviated from the contents of the agreement. In this case the role of government is needed to provide protection to the SME group and also the Large Business group to realize social responsibility for the progress of the UKM business group.

Changes in canine inclination after rapid and slow maxillary expansion compared to untreated controls.

Palatally displaced canines (PDC) might represent condition causing several clinical problems, such as roots resorption and malocclusion, and can develop palatal canine impaction. Some interceptive treatments such as rapid maxillary expansion were suggested in order to foster maxillary canine eruption. Among expansion protocols, no data are available about differences between rapid and slow maxillary expansion on maxillary canine eruption. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate α-angle changes in palatally displaced canines using rapid and slow maxillary expansion compared to untreated control patients. The final sample comprised 19 patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME group), 17 treated with slow maxillary expansion (SME group) and 22 control patients (Control group). α-angle was measured on panoramic films to detect canine inclination at the beginning, and at the end of maxillary expansion treatment or observation, time and changes over time were compared. In the comparisons among groups, RME group was the only group showing a decrease in α-angle measurements that was statistically significant also when compared to the other groups, except for the left side when compared to SME group. RME treatment significantly and positively affected canine position when compared to SME treatment and control group.

SME Internal Capability and Competitive Advantage in an Emerging Market: Moderating Effects of Firm Age

This study aims to determine the effect of small business internal capabilities on competitive advantage in which firm age was expected to moderate the relationship between these two constructs. The present study also considers the context of Indonesia as an emerging market economy as an important characteristic that can provide some additional perspectives related to SME competitive advantage. Here competitive advantage come from the resource-based view theory which sees SME capabilities will shape their competitiveness. The present study uses quantitative approach, using SmartPLS, by surveying 52 food SMEs in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. It was found that SME internal capability was positively and significantly related to competitive advantage. Additionally, firm age moderated the relationship between SME internal capability and competitive advantage in young SME group (SMEs with the firm age less than 5 years), while this was not the case for old SME group (SMEs with the age more than 5 years). In an emerging market such as Indonesia, this may represent the urgency to consistently strengthen SME internal capability.

Chlorothiomethylation of Alkynes with HCl and Dimethyl Sulfoxide: An Efficient Approach to (E)‐α‐chloro‐β‐(methylthio)alkenes

AbstractSynthesis of (E)‐chlorovinyl methylsulfanes via chlorothiomethylation of alkynes with HCl and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under metal‐free and oxidant‐free conditions has been reported. This methodology is rare, in which chlorovinyl methylsulfanes are constructed using chlorosulfanes rather than the combination of HCl and DMSO to react with alkynes. This procedure introduces a new application of DMSO, which is employed as a source of the SMe group to directly insert into the carbon‐carbon triple bond of alkynes. Additionally, the reaction shows a broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, and excellent regioselectivity.

Dental root development associated with treatments by rapid maxillary expansion/reverse headgear and slow maxillary expansion.

To assess dental root development in two groups of paediatric patients who received treatments with reverse headgear and rapid maxillary expansion and slow maxillary dental arch expansion. The 20 subjects (13 girls, 7 boys; mean age: 8.9 ± 1.3 years) in the first group were treated with a Petit-type reverse headgear attached to a full-coverage bonded rapid maxillary expander via elastics (RME&RHg group). The 20 subjects included in the second group (9 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 9.1 ± 2.2 years) were selected among patients who were treated with Hawley appliances for slow maxillary expansion (SME group). Digitized panoramic radiographs were used. A total of 960 permanent teeth (maxillary-mandibular incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars) were measured quantitatively for pre-treatment and post-treatment. No significant increase was found except for the right and left maxillary and mandibular second premolars and left mandibular and first premolar in the RME&RHg group (P < 0.05). Teeth length values increased significantly in all maxillary and mandibular teeth except maxillary first molars and mandibular incisors in the SME group (P < 0.05). Inter-group comparisons showed that statistically significant differences were observed in maxillary and mandibular incisors, left maxillary first premolar, and molar teeth (P > 0.05). A limitation of this study is the use of two-dimensional radiographic images for root length measurement. However, ethical obligations limit the dental cone beam computed tomography imaging application for protection of paediatric patients from harm. RME&RHg therapy inhibits root development of maxillary and mandibular teeth in the early period. However, further studies should be performed to determine whether this effect on root development is reversible or irreversible.

Analysis of Wooden Fish Business Using Bamboo Packaging Technology and Marketing Expansion Techniques in Banda Aceh [Analisis Usaha Ikan Kayu (Keumamah) Dengan Teknologi Mesin Packing Bambudalam Pengemasan Produk Dan Teknik Perluasan Pemasaran Di Desa Lampulo Banda Aceh

This service aims to develop a wooden fish business from the traditional method to the method of bamboo packing machines. This service involves two partners, namely the first partner is Mandiri UKM located in Banda Aceh. The method of implementing service activities in the IbM program is carried out by an approach method that involves all members of the SME group actively so that the results of service will be more useful. This service activity wants to develop a Bamboo packing machine technology in product packaging. With the results of this technology, product packaging can be more attractive and the costs incurred can be lower so that the production process can be lower. This can benefit many parties, both craftsmen and traders. Dedication activities, especially in the wood fish production process, will also focus on bamboo packaging products. The packaging is unique so that it adds to the attractiveness of consumers to have it. The results showed that by using unique bamboo packaging, sales increased so that profits also increased. The packaging is specifically designed using a machine and human hands, so the expected results are unique and interesting. Like a bag. In addition, fish processing and marketing also change strategies. Marketing, which is usually only deposited at the store, now there is an expansion, namely, sales are made online and through brochures. Thus the business products of wood fish are increasingly known to people and increasingly add to the desire of people to buy wood fish. Through counseling, the knowledge of wood fish entrepreneurs is also carried out in terms of how to manage and manufacture good wood fish and how to choose fish that are good in the management of wood fish. This service program is expected to be a guide for wood fish entrepreneurs as a science that can be used in the future.

Strategi Penerapan Standar Nasional Indonesia Biskuit (SNI 2973:2011) bagi Industri Kecil Menengah

BSN on December 22, 2011 has stipulated SNI 2973: 2011 Biscuit through the Decree of the Head of BSN No.242/KEP/BSN/12/2011, scope of products in SNI 2973: 2011 are Biscuits, Krekers, Wafers and Pies, Kukis. Until now the number of industries that apply SNI Biscuits is still low from 595 brands of biscuit products that have been registered in BPOM (BPOM, 2017) only 28 brands of biscuits that have received the certificate of SNI (BSN, 2018). Developing strategies to apply SNI Biscuit for SME is to increase applying SNI, as well as input to related technical institution and related party in conducting coaching related to application SNI products for SME. The results of the assessment of the readiness of the five SME in implementing SNI 2973: 2011 Biscuits respectively as follows: SME A is 97.4%; SME B is 84.5%; SME C of 83.6%; SME D of 62.9%; and SME E of 71.4%. The grouping of the five SME using statistical analysis four SME groups based on their level of readiness in applying Biscuit SNI, namely the first group that is ready to apply the Biscuit SNI (SME A) which is in zone 1; the two groups are quite ready in applying the Biscuit SNI (SME B and C) in zone 2; the three groups of SME that are less prepared in applying the Biscuit SNI (SME E) which are in zone 3; the four groups of SME that are not ready to apply the Biscuit SNI (SME D) which are in zone 4. The recommended strategy for the four groups of IKM using Ishikawa diagram which focuses on the lowest internal and external factors of resources in each SME group.

User-centered, interaction design research approaches to inform the development of health risk behavior intervention technologies

BackgroundComputers have tremendous potential for helping people change behaviors that put their health at risk. This potential has led to the development of a variety of health behavior intervention technologies (BITs) in recent years. While many of these BITs have been informed by scientific theories on behavior change, poor design can fail to engage intended users. User-centered, interaction design (IxD) research can help BIT developers create tools that are intuitive and enjoyable and that align with intended users' goals. In this manuscript, we describe an IxD research process we used to inform the development of a tablet-optimized web application designed to help heavy drinking gay and bisexual men reduce their risk for HIV when they seek HIV testing. MethodsWe conducted focus groups with subject matter experts (SMEs, N = 10) and intended users (N = 25). In the SME group, HIV test counselors were recruited to provide an understanding of the priorities and challenges of post-test counseling. In focus groups with intended users, participants created detailed, personalized models of two “typical” users of the proposed app (“personas”) that could be used to guide design decisions. ResultsSMEs emphasized the importance of putting patients at ease, and suggested that interventions should prioritize identifying personal risks and provide options for change. Personas created by intended users provided important details about users' attitudinal and emotional contexts, and their possible motivations and goals for using the app. These suggested that users might be most motivated to use the app in order to understand their personal risks, compare their behavior with others like them, help them decide whether they want to change to reduce their risk, and see all their options for doing so. Personas also provided insights about the aesthetic experience that might be most appealing to users. ConclusionsInteraction design research can provide BIT development teams with personal models of likely users to help guide decisions about the allocation of design resources and the overall form and spirit of the software. These insights can help teams build BITs that are more engaging and interesting to intended users.

Chalcones and bis-chalcones: As potential α-amylase inhibitors; synthesis, in vitro screening, and molecular modelling studies

Despite of a diverse range of biological activities associated with chalcones and bis-chalcones, they are still neglected by the medicinal chemist for their possible α-amylase inhibitory activity. So, the current study is based on the evaluation of this class for the identification of new leads as α-amylase inhibitors. For that purpose, a library of substituted chalcones 1–13 and bis-chalcones 14–18 were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques EI-MS and 1H NMR. CHN analysis was carried out and found in agreement with the calculated values. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and demonstrated good activities in the range of IC50 = 1.25 ± 1.05–2.40 ± 0.09 µM as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 1.04 ± 0.3 µM). Limited structure–activity relationship (SAR) was established by considering the effect of different groups attached to aryl rings on varying inhibitory activity. SMe group in chalcones and OMe group in bis-chalcones were found more influential on the activity than other groups. However, in order to predict the involvement of different groups in the binding interactions with the active site of α-amylase enzyme, in silico studies were also conducted.

Palladium‐Catalyzed Migratory Insertion of Isocyanides into C(thiophene)–SMe Bonds: Access to Atom‐Transfer Reactions

PdII‐catalyzed CN‐directed addition of isocyanides to C(sp2)–SMe bonds of thiophenes (generated in situ) effectively recycles the SMe activating group into thioimidate products. The catalytic sequence includes selective C(sp2)–SMe bond activation/migratory insertion of isocyanides into C(sp2)–PdIV and subsequent C(sp2)–SMe bond‐forming reductive elimination from imidoyl–PdIV–SMe complexes. Through these transition‐metal‐catalyzed addition reactions we have established isocyanides as a new template for atom‐transfer reactions. This groundbreaking research avoids the use of ancillary ligands that is a constant feature of all previously reported addition reactions with C–S bonds. This process proceeds through a high‐valent PdII/IV catalytic cycle, which – to the best of our knowledge – has not been previously reported in this regard. Isocyanide insertion into C(Ar)–S bonds through addition is also unprecedented. Finally, the resulting thioimidates were demonstrated to be convenient precursors for the synthesis of thieno[2,3‐c]pyrroles by targeting the recycled SMe group for the second time in a cascade reaction process.

Anti-wrinkle effects of Sargassum muticum ethyl acetate fraction on ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mouse skin and mechanistic evaluation in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

The present study investigated the photoprotective properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum muticum (SME) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage and photoaging in a mouse model. HR-1 strain hairless male mice were divided into three groups: An untreated control group, a UVB-irradiated vehicle group and a UVB-irradiated SME group. The UVB-irradiated mice in the SME group were orally administered with SME (100 mg/kg body weight in 0.1 ml water per day) and then exposed to radiation at a dose of 60–120 mJ/cm2. Wrinkle formation and skin damage were evaluated by analysis of skin replicas, epidermal thickness and collagen fiber integrity in the dermal connective tissue. The mechanism underlying the action of SME was also investigated in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line following exposure of the cells to UVB at a dose of 30 mJ/cm2. The protein expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and the binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1) to the MMP-1 promoter were assessed in the HaCaT cells using western blot analysis, an MMP-1 fluorescent assay and a chromatin immune-precipitation assay, respectively. The results showed that the mean length and depth of the wrinkles in the UVB-exposed hairless mice were significantly improved by oral administration of SME, which also prevented the increase in epidermal thickness triggered by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, a marked increase in collagen bundle formation was observed in the UVB-treated mice with SME administration. SME pretreatment also significantly inhibited the UVB-induced upregulation in the expression and activity of MMP-1 in the cultured HaCaT keratinocytes, and the UVB-enhanced association of AP-1 with the MMP-1 promoter. These results suggested that SME may be useful as an anti-photoaging resource for the skin.

The effect of vitamin E on lung pathology in sulfur mustard-exposed guinea pigs.

Pulmonary complications of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) gas range from no effect or mild symptoms to severe bronchial stenosis. In the present study, the protective effect of vitamin E on the lung inflammation of SM-exposed guinea pigs was examined. Guinea pigs (n = 5 for each group) were exposed to ethanol (control group), 40 mg/m3 inhaled SM (SME group), SME treated with vitamin E (SME + E), SME treated with dexamethasone (SME + D), and SME treated with both treatments (SME + E + D). Pathological evaluation of the lung was done 14 days postexposure. The epithelial desquamation of trachea and other pathologic changes in the lung of the SME group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, the pathological changes of trachea and lung in the SME + E and SME + E + D groups were significantly improved compared with those of SME group. In addition, the pathological changes of trachea and lung of SME + E and SME + E + D animals were significantly less than those of SME + D group.

Analysis the Risk Elements of Smes in the Region of Gjirokastra

SMEs are one of the biggest engines of the European economy, and also the Albanian economy. SMEs create opportunities for increased employment and sustainable growth. In Europe, SMEs, businesses that employ less than 250 employees and with a turnover of less than € 50 million, up about 99% of enterprises in Europe (23 million SMEs), and have in their midst about 75 million employees. The group of businesses included within the SME group faces problems with completely unique nature of doing business, because of the difficulties in providing sufficient resources as financial ones as well as human ones. Financial capital is very limited for this group of businesses compared to large companies, which are likely many times greater for finding significant financial resources, compared with the few opportunities to SMEs. Likewise, in connection with human capital of SME opportunities are limited in attracting a skilled human capital compared with possibilities of large companies. For the successful realization of this paper is using descriptive method and interpretation of charts, based on primary data obtained setup by questionnaires addressed to SMEs in Gjirokastra. At the end of the paper showed that the factors that affect the identification of risk analysis should be grouped according to their importance and the source, due to the diversity and different sources from which they arise. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p627

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanolic extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced dental alveolar bone resorption in rats

Background/purposeSalvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Bunge (Labiatae/Lamiaceae; common name danshen) is a Chinese medicine that improves blood circulation and inhibits inflammatory response. Thus, it is used for the treatment of cardiac diseases and inflammation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of SM (SME) on the dental alveolar bone resorption induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Materials and methodsAn ethanolic extract was prepared from roots of SM. The major constituents of this extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The activity of the extract was evaluated in a rat model in which the dental alveolar bone resorption was induced by injection of bacterial LPS into the palatal gingiva around the maxillary molar teeth. The effect of SME on the bone resorption was studied by histologic and histomorphometric analysis. ResultsThe number of osteoclasts and the percentage of osteoclasts covering the alveolar bone surfaces were significantly increased in the LPS group compared with those in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. The number and percentage of the osteoclasts on the bony surfaces were significantly reduced in the SME group in comparison with the LPS group, although it was still higher than the numbers observed in the PBS group. ConclusionBecause SME reduced bone resorption caused by the injections of bacterial LPS in rats, we suggest that SME might have a protective effect on dental alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Lithium, Sodium, and ­Potassium Derivatives of 2‐(Methylthio)aniline and 2‐(Phenylthio)aniline

Abstract2‐(Methylthio)aniline (H2L1) and 2‐(phenylthio)aniline (H2L2) were treated with n‐butyllithium to yield the corresponding anilides [LiHL1] and [LiHL2]. Recrystallization from diethyl ether and THF afforded the solvates [LiHL1(Et2O)] and [LiHL2(THF)2]. The X‐ray crystal structure determination revealed dimeric molecules which exhibit a centrosymmetric Li2N2 ring. In the case of [LiHL1(Et2O)] the SMe group is involved in Li coordination and in the case of [LiHL2(THF)2] the SPh group is part of an intramolecular N–H···S hydrogen bridge. The sodium anilides [NaHL1(DME)] and [NaHL2(DME)] were obtained from the reaction of H2L1 and H2L2 with sodium amide in DME as solvent. Like in the case of the lithium amides the sodium derivatives [NaHL1(DME)] and [NaHL2(DME)] display centrosymmetric Na2N2 cores. The coordination sphere of the sodium atoms is completed by DME molecules, which act as chelating ligands. In the case of [NaHL1(DME)] the DME molecules enable additionally a linkage of the dimeric subunits to give a chain structure. The potassium derivatives [KNHL1] and [KNHL2(DME)] were obtained from H2L1 and H2L2 and potassium hydride in DME as solvent. [KNHL1] displays a distinct structure based on [(KNHL1)2] dimers, which are linked by additional [KNHL1] units to give a 3D coordination polymer with {4.8.16(3)} topology. [KNHL2(DME)] forms dimers linked by bridging DME molecules to give a chain‐like coordination polymer.

Unsymmetrical Chelation of N-Thioether-Functionalized Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine-Type Ligands and Substituent Effects on the Nuclearity of Iron(II) Complexes: Structures, Magnetism, and Bonding.

Starting from the short-bite ligands N-thioether-functionalized bis(diphenylphosphino)amine-type (Ph2P)2N(CH2)3SMe (1) and (Ph2P)2N(p-C6H4)SMe (2), the Fe(II) complexes [FeCl2(1)]n (3), [FeCl2(2)]2 (4), [Fe(OAc)(1)2]PF6 (5), and [Fe(OAc)(2)2]PF6 (6) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform IR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and also by X-ray diffraction for 3, 4, and 6. Complex 3 is a coordination polymer in which 1 acts as a P,P-pseudochelate and a (P,P),S-bridge, whereas 4 has a chlorido-bridged dinuclear structure in which 2 acts only as a P,P-pseudochelate. Since these complexes were obtained under strictly similar synthetic and crystallization conditions, these unexpected differences were ascribed to the different spacer between the nitrogen atom and the −SMe group. In both compounds, one Fe–P bond was found to be unusually long, and a theoretical analysis was performed to unravel the electronic or steric reasons for this difference. Density functional theory calculations were performed for a set of complexes of general formula [FeCl2(SR2){R21PN(R2)P′R23}] (R = H, Me; R1, R2, and R3 = H, Me, Ph), to understand the reasons for the significant deviation of the iron coordination sphere away from tetrahedral as well as from trigonal bipyramidal and the varying degree of unsymmetry of the two Fe–P bonds involving pseudochelating PN(R)P ligands. Electronic factors nicely explain the observed structures, and steric reasons were further ruled out by the structural analysis in the solid-state of the bis-chelated complex 6, which displays usual and equivalent Fe–P bond lengths. Magnetic susceptibility studies were performed to examine how the structural differences between 3 and 4 would affect the interactions between the iron centers, and it was concluded that 3 behaves as an isolated high-spin Fe(II) mononuclear complex, while significant intra- and intermolecular ferromagnetic interactions were evidenced for 4 at low temperatures. Complexes 3 and 4 were also tested in catalytic ethylene oligomerization but did not exhibit any significant activity under the studied conditions.