Smart Grid Business Research Articles

A Gnn-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization for Security Strategy Orchestration

The expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the rapid increase in data in smart grid business scenarios have led to a need for more dynamic and adaptive security strategies. Traditional static security measures struggle to meet the evolving low-voltage security requirements of state grid systems under this new IoT-driven environment. By incorporating symmetry in metaheuristic algorithms, we can further improve performance and robustness. Symmetrical properties have the potential to lead to more efficient and balanced solutions, improving the overall stability of the grid. We propose a gnn-enhanced ant colony optimization method for orchestrating grid security strategies, which trains across combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) that are representative scenarios in the state grid business scenarios, to learn specific mappings from instances to their heuristic measures. The learned heuristic metrics are embedded into the ant colony optimization (ACO) to generate the optimal security policy adapted to the current security situation. Compared to the ACO and adaptive elite ACO, our method reduces the average time consumption of finding a path within a limited time in the capacitated vehicle routing problem by 67.09% and 66.98%, respectively. Additionally, ablation experiments verify the effectiveness and necessity of the individual functional modules.

Consequence simulation of cyber attacks on key smart grid business cases

The increasing threat of cyber-attacks on modern power systems highlights the need for a comprehensive examination through simulations. This study conducts an in-depth simulation of cyber-attacks on critical smart grid components, including smart meters, substation automation, and battery management systems, to expose and analyze potential disruptions to power system operations. We identify vulnerabilities that can lead to severe grid instabilities, such as voltage variations, system collapses, and inverter failures. Our analysis underscores the complex interactions between cyber threats and grid components, revealing how disruptions extend beyond mere load interruptions to affect the core infrastructure. We advocate for integrating established cybersecurity frameworks like NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, and IEC 62443, essential in fortifying grid stability against these dynamic threats. Our findings highlight the urgent need for continuous adaptation and enforcement of these frameworks to enhance resilience and ensure the reliability of modern power grids against cyber-attacks.

Application of Smart Grid Communication Service Flow Modeling Based on Poisson Model in Grid Operation

The early Poisson distribution and Markov autoregressive models can no longer reflect the characteristics of smart grid business flow. The long correlation characteristics of burst flow are simulated by the heavy tail ON/OFF model with multi-source convergence, while the Poisson model with short correlation and no memory is used for random flow. The simulation results show that the synthesized flow is still has a certain statistical self-similarity, and the coefficient H decreases after synthesis.That the long correlation and burst of self-similar business flows will not be smoothed by the convergence and synthesis of the self-similar business flows with short correlation services. In the actual operation process, the station-level power grid will result in load aggravation and significantly affect the network performance when it acts in response to faults. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the changes of network performance under different burst degrees.

Smart Grid R&D Planning Based on Patent Analysis

A smart grid employs information and communications technology to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity production and distribution. The convergent and complex nature of a smart grid and the multifarious connection between its individual technology components, as well as competition between private companies, which will exert substantial influences on the future smart grid business, make a strategic approach necessary from the beginning of research and development (R&D) planning with collaborations among various research groups and from national, industry, company, and detailed technological levels. However, the strategic, technological, business environmental, and regulatory barriers between various stakeholders with collaborative or sometimes conflictive interests need to be clarified for a breakthrough in the smart grid field. A strategic R&D planning process was developed in this study to accomplish the complicated tasks, which comprises five steps: (i) background research of smart grid industry; (ii) selection of R&D target; (iii) societal, technological, economical, environmental, and political (STEEP) analysis to obtain a macro-level perspective and insight for achieving the selected R&D target; (iv) patent analysis to explore capabilities of the R&D target and to select the entry direction for smart grid industry; and, (v) nine windows and scenario planning analyses to develop a method and process in establishing a future strategic R&D plan. This R&D planning process was further applied to the case of a Korean company holding technological capabilities in the sustainable smart grid domain, as well as in the sustainable electric vehicle charging system, a global consumer market of smart grid. Four plausible scenarios were produced by varying key change agents for the results of this process, such as technology and growth rates, policies and government subsidies, and system standards of the smart grid charging system: Scenario 1, ‘The Stabilized Settlement of the Smart Grid Industry’; Scenario 2, ‘The Short-lived Blue Ocean of the Smart Grid Industry’; Scenario 3, ‘The Questionable Market of the Smart Grid’; and, Scenario 4, ‘The Stalemate of the Smart Grid Industry’. The R&D plan suggestions were arranged for each scenario and detailed ways to cope with dissonant situations were also implied for the company. In sum, in this case study, a future strategic R&D plan was suggested in regard to the electric vehicle charging technology business, which includes smart grid communication system, battery charging duration, service infrastructure, public charge station system, platform and module, wireless charging, data management system, and electric system solution. The strategic R&D planning process of this study can be applicable in various technologies and business fields, because of no inherent dependency on particular subject, like electric vehicle charging technology based on smart grid.

Energy Investments Business Model of Smart Grid and Sustainability

Our Indian power sector is transforming from old conventional system to sustainable and energy efficient smart system. New and smart projects require huge capital expenditure over a period of time. Consequently, the regulators must ensure that risk is to be least for investors and rational return on investment is ensured. Smart grid technologies may prove that power utilities can be part of low carbon emission in future. Huge investment will be required for smart gird projects and cost benefit analysis of smart grid Business Models is to be done very carefully for short term and long term objectives. Also, Indian government is planning to roll out huge pollution spreading diesel and petrol vehicles and replacing them by Electric vehicles by 2030, so smart grid projects are to be completed on or before such stipulated deadline. There is no fixed business model for smart grid and wide learning for Energy investments business models are to be explored. As it is clear that Government and utilities are suffering of money crunch and they are not able to have latest technologies in a single move. New innovative business model is to be analyzed which need less share of stakeholders and more involvement of technology partners.

Cybercrime and Risks for Cyber Physical Systems

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is the integration of computation and physical systems that make a complete system such as the network, software, embedded systems, and physical components. Major industries such as industrial plants, transport, national grid, and communication systems depend heavily on CPS for financial and economic growth. However, these components may have inherent threats and vulnerabilities on them that may run the risk of being attacked, manipulated or exploited by cyber attackers and commit cybercrimes. Cybercriminals in their quest to bring down these systems may cause disruption of services either for fame, data theft, revenge, political motive, economic war, cyber terrorism, and cyberwar. Therefore, identifying the risks has become imperative in mitigating the cybercrimes. This paper seeks to identify cybercrimes and risks that are associated with a smart grid business application system to determine the motives and intents of the cybercriminal. The paper identified four goals to mitigate the risks: as business value, organizational requirements, threat agent and impact vectors. We used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the importance of the goals that contribute to identifying cybercrime and risks in CPS. For the results, a case study is used to identify the threat and vulnerable spots and the prioritized goals are then used to assess the risks using a semi-quantitative approach to determine the net threat level. The results indicate that using the AHP approach to identify cybercrime and risk on CPS provides specific risk mitigation goals.

Innovative solution sustaining supervisory control and data acquisition to remote terminal unit G3-PLC connectivity over dynamic grid topologies

SOGRID is an innovative experimental project, led by Enedis in Toulouse, gathering participants from academia and industry, ranging from silicon manufacturers to system integrators and end users, active in the smart grid business. Enedis and EDF R&D committed their expertise to solve the technical challenges inherent to the project's aim: develop a full IPv6 G3-PLC telecommunication infrastructure covering both medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) grids to support smart grid and smart metering use cases. The main innovation presented in this study is the sustainability of G3-PLC connectivity over the variable topology of the MV grid using a real-time handover mechanism.

Dynamic characteristics of smart grid technology acceptance

Smart grid projects are being actively promoted globally for green growth. There is the consumer acceptance among factors that make smart grid business effective. Many studies have emphasized the importance of smart grid consumer acceptance and examined the factors that influence the acceptance. However, almost studies did not observe how smart grid acceptance changes from a dynamic perspective. This study aims to contribute to smart grid acceptance research by examining dynamic characteristics related to the acceptance. As a result of this study, we found that it is important to manage the risk of smart grids and we should try to minimize the gap between expectation and satisfaction. Also, we should maintain the balance of benefits and reductions of smart grid technologies.

Research on Security Access and Authentication Technology of Power Terminal Based on TNC

Along with the construction of the strong smart grid, many intelligent terminal equipments and wireless communication devices are widely applied to the smart grid, bringing convenience to the construction of the smart grid business systems as well as some serious security issues of confidentiality. The data transmitted through the wireless channel by various types of wireless power terminals in the wireless network communication is vulnerable to eavesdropping and other attacks. In this paper, we proposed an security access architecture and authentication protocol of power terminal based on the theory of the trusted network connection (TNC) and gave the specific authentication protocol process based on the practical application in the smart grid environment. Eventually, we confirmed that the design of the scheme can ensure the integrity and security of the terminal itself according to the safety analysis, so as to build the trusted computing environment of electric power communication network system, ensuring the safety of the whole smart grid application environment.

Research on Heterogeneous Cloud Service Model for Smart Grid Business Application

With the construction of smart grid and centralized data center, traditional information technology management mode already cannot meet the requirements on the timeliness and flexibility. Cloud computing technology can solve the complicated calculation, mass data processing, and network dynamic migration issues for electric power business, but when in the face of different business applications demand, due to the heterogeneous resources variety of applications bottleneck will be produced, difficult to achieve real "smart". In view of the smart grid application scenarios, heterogeneous resources adaptation method is given respectively for computing, storage and network resources. Makes the heterogeneous resources can be shared centrally, allocate resources on demand, unified managing, dynamic scheduling, and loaded balancing, form heterogeneous resource pool. Based on heterogeneous resource pool, build the heterogeneous cloud service model, and carried out preliminary design implementation, the availability of the model was verified.

The Application Analysis and Network Design of Wireless VPN for Power Grid

With the rapid development of smart grid construction, communication mode size in smart grid business relying on operators 2G/3G wireless network continues to increase. In this paper, first, with a deep study of application, communication requirement and network status in power wireless business, the security risk and defects cannot control in the existing power wireless business are noted. Secondly, wireless VPN target of power grid is innovatively put forward, to achieve the safe and efficient power wireless business hosting, intensive operation and scale development. Once again, the design of wireless VPN for power grid, security access platform, operating platform are made a further analysis and elaboration.

IEC 61850 기반의 154kV M.Tr Bay IED 적용 사례

Substation Automation System (SAS) based on IEC 61850 is becoming more and more reality in applying power systems. As well, the development of various engineering tools and the convergence with diagnostic systems are underway. To reflect recent advancements in SAS technology, the Korea Electric Power Corporation initiated a 154kV SAS pilot project and a smart power grid business in 2010. In this paper, the authors will summarize the overview and the lessons learned in applying the IEC 61850-based 154kV Main transformer bay IED solutions to these two project.