Small Size Area Research Articles

SRSegNet: Super-resolution-assisted small targets polyp segmentation network with combined high and low resolution

Accurate and reliable segmentation of polyp targets is crucial in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, in clinical practice, polyp structures represent only a small portion of the image, which is essential for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The small size of lesion areas leads to a reduction in feature representation, thereby affecting the performance of traditional segmentation methods. To address this issue, To address this issue, recent advancements in segmentation methods for small medical objects meticulously extract feature information from these objects using attention mechanisms. However, these methods mainly focus on general small medical objects and perform poorly in the segmentation of small polyps.Therefore, this study fully exploits the advantages of joint learning and multi-task learning. By guiding the high-resolution features to guide the low-resolution encoder through joint learning and fusing effective features from the super-resolution task to assist the segmentation task, our method enhances the model’s ability to extract texture details. We also design a high-resolution guidance module and an information complementation module, effectively integrating learning between different resolutions and tasks.Evaluation experiments on two settings on the Kvasir-SEG, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, CVC-300, and ETIS datasets demonstrate that our method achieves significant advantages in the segmentation of small polyps, outperforming various state-of-the-art methods.

3D porous catalysts for Plasma-Catalytic dry reforming of Methane: How does the pore size affect the Plasma-Catalytic Performance?

The effect of pore size on plasma catalysis is crucial but still unclear. Studies have shown plasma cannot enter micropores and mesopores, so catalysts for traditional thermocatalysis may not fit plasma catalysis. Here, 3D porous Cu and CuO with different pore sizes were prepared using uniform silica particles (10–2000 nm) as templates, and compared in plasma-catalytic dry reforming. In most cases, the smaller the pore size, the higher the conversion of CH4 and CO2. Large pores reachable by more electrons did not improve the reaction efficiency. We attribute this to the small surface area and large crystallite size, as indicated by N2-sorption, mercury intrusion and XRD. While the smaller pores might not be reachable by electrons, due to the sheath formed in front of them, as predicted by modeling, they can still be reached by radicals formed in the plasma, and ions can even be attracted into these pores. An exception are the samples synthesized from 1 μm silica, which show better performance. We believe this is due to the electric field enhancement for pore sizes close to the Debye length. The performances of CuO and Cu with different pore sizes can provide references for future research on oxide supports and metal components of plasma catalysts.

CCS-Net: Cascade Detection Network With the Convolution Kernel Switch Block and Statistics Optimal Anchors Block in Hypopharyngeal Cancer MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common diagnostic method for hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). It is a challenge to automatically detect HPC tumors and swollen lymph nodes (HPC risk areas) from MRI slices because of the small size and irregular shape of HPC risk areas. Herein, we propose a cascade detection network with Convolution Kernel Switch (CKS) Block and Statistics Optimal Anchors (SOA) Block in HPC MRI (CCS-Net). CKS Block can adaptively switch standard convolution to deformable convolution in some appropriate layers to detect irregular objects more efficiently without taking up too much computing resources. SOA Block can automatically generate the optimal anchors based on the size distribution of objects. Compared with other methods, our method achieves splendid detection performance and outperforms other methods on the HPC dataset (more than 1800 T2 MRI slices), achieving the highest AP50 of 78.90%. Experiments show that the proposed network can be the basis of a computer aided diagnosis utility that helps achieve faster and more accurate diagnostic decisions for HPC.

Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Development and applications

Wastewater from pharmaceutical industries contains different antibiotics and other effluents that directly affect the environment. For the degradation of antibiotics, nanotechnology is an emerging field in research that majorly focuses on molecules and atoms. Nanoparticles are fine micro-particles with more than one dimension from a size of 1–100 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles can directly be used for the process of degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are majorly used among nanoparticles due to their small surface area and particle size. There are various physical, chemical and conventional (biological) methods for synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly, less expensive and harmless approach, and these methods are much more efficient than any other physical-chemical means. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used for different purposes. In food products, these nanoparticles act as photocatalysts and are also used as a coating material in food packaging. Electrochemical biosensors are combined with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for developing nano sheet matrices. Furthermore, this review describes the usage of biological components (plants, microorganisms like fungi and bacteria) to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The present review also focuses on applying synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in various drug delivery systems and other bioactivities. • Explored green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by various approaches. • Different types of nanoparticles along with applications are described. • Diverse characterization of synthesized nanoparticles are discussed. • Importance of biological synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are surveyed.

Pesticide occurrence in protected surface waters in nature conservation areas of Germany

A complete ban on pesticide use in sensitive areas, such as nature conservation areas (NCA), is currently being debated in the EU as part of the Sustainable Use Regulation. NCA are strictly protected landscapes in Germany with minimal agricultural activity (<4.5 %) that serve as vital ecological refuges. However, it is largely unknown whether surface waters in German NCA are contaminated by pesticides. The current study uses extensive monitoring data (n = 3,822,553 measurements, 1998–2020, 208 pesticides) from the federal state of Saxony (18,416 km2), Germany, to characterize pesticide occurrence, contamination levels and risks (defined as exceedance of regulatory threshold levels) for surface waters in NCA (n = 68,277 measurements, mean size = 2.5 km2) in comparison to unprotected areas (n = 3,754,276). Pesticide detection frequencies show strong correlation between NCA and unprotected areas (UPA, R2= 0.70–0.92), but concentrations to be ∼40 % lower in protected areas. Ecological risk distributions for three major species groups are similar between NCA and UPA (fish = 79.8 % overlap in density distribution, invertebrates = 78.6 %, plants = 81.9 %). Threshold exceedances differ greatly among groups (fish = 0.9 %, aquatic invertebrates = 14.7 %, plants = 20.4 %). Based on principal component analysis, ecological risks for aquatic plants and aquatic invertebrates are strongly correlated with upstream agricultural land use (80.5–82.4 %) and are negatively correlated with upstream (semi)-natural land cover (90.1–97.3 %). Fluvial transport appears to be the most important pathway for contaminants into NCA surface waters, likely due to small conservation area size. Overall, surface waters in NCA are exposed to numerous organic contaminants causing ecological risks, highlighting the need to improve protection of these valuable water resources.

Mechanical and Micrography Analysis of Armour Plate Weldment Using Tungsten Inert Gas and Oxy-Acetylene Welding Methods

Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) has compared the effect of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Oxy-Acetylene welding methods on microstructural and some mechanical properties of Armour plate for the modification of military troop carriers. The optical emission spectrometer (OES) at DICON was used to analyse the chemical composition of the armour plate strip. It was then machined and cut to various test piece dimensions for both welding processes, following which the weldment samples were subjected to post-weld mechanical tests (tensile, impact, and hardness) and metallographic examination. The samples were then welded according to the procedure outlined in this study. The fundamental composition of armour plates was preserved in the samples. When compared to Oxy-Acetylene (OA) welding, Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding produced better results, with an average ultimate strength (UTS) of 603.52 MPa and an impact strength of 10.53 J. In addition, the TIG analysis hardness strength for the source material, heat affected zone (HAZ), and weldment sample is 510.3, 502, and 511-HV, respectively. At x200 magnification, the micrography of the TIG weldment revealed a small coarse grain size of ferrite and larger areas of pearlite.

Horticultural Performance of Field Grown Somaclones and Irradiated Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.)Variants

In the present investigation horticultural performances of field grown somaclones and gamma irradiated strawberry were studied. The somaclones performed better with regard to vegetative and reproductive characters while axillary buds irradiated with lower dose of gamma rays (10 and 30 Gy) were more vigorous in terms of number of leaves and petiole length. Whereasaxillary buds irradiated with higher dose of gamma rays (50 and 60 Gy) showed abnormal fruit development, reduced growth, small leaf area and fruit size. A total of six variants were obtained on screening the somaclones and irradiated plantlets on the basis of phenotypic characters, fruiting characters and Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The frequency of variants was higher (3.22%) in soamclones than in irradiated plants (2.75%) obtained from axillary buds. These finding would be helpful in providing a powerful technological tool for the improvement of clonally propagated crops. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 555-563, 2022 (September)

Cow Dung Gasification Process for Hydrogen Production Using Water Vapor as Gasification Agent

In recent years, with the development of hydrogen energy economy, there is an increasing demand for hydrogen in the market, and hydrogen production through biomass will provide an important way to supply clean, environmentally friendly and highly efficient hydrogen. In this study, cow dung was selected as the biomass source, and the efficiency of the biomass to hydrogen reaction was explored by coupling high temperature pyrolysis and water vapor gasification. The experimental conditions of gasification temperature, water mass fraction, heating rate and feed temperature were systematically studied and optimized to determine the optimal conditions for in situ hydrogen production by gasification of cow dung. The relationship of each factor to the yield of hydrogen production by gasification of cow dung semi-coke was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of the hydrogen production. The experiment determined the optimal operating parameters of in situ gasification: gasification temperature 1173 K, water mass fraction 80%, heating rate 10 K/min and feed temperature 673 K. The semi-coke treatment separated high temperature pyrolysis and water vapor gasification, and reduced the influence on gasification of volatile substances such as tar extracted from pyrolysis. The increase of semi-coke preparation temperature increases the content of coke, reduces the volatile matter and improves the yield of hydrogen; the small size of semi-coke particles and large specific surface area are beneficial to the gasification reaction.

Spatiotemporal pattern in a neural network with non-smooth memristor

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Considering complicated dynamics of non-smooth memductance function, an improved Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model is introduced by coupling with non-smooth memristor and dynamics of the improved model are discussed. Simulation results suggest that dynamics of the proposed neuron model depends on the external stimuli but not on the initial value for the magnetic flux. Furthermore, a network composed of the improved Hindmarsh-Rose neuron is addressed via single channel coupling method and spatiotemporal patterns of the network are investigated via numerical simulations with no-flux boundary condition. Firstly, development of spiral wave are discussed for different coupling strengths, different external stimuli and various initial value for the magnetic flux. Results suggest that spiral wave can be developed for coupling strength $ 0 &amp;lt; D &amp;lt; 1 $ when the nodes are provided with period-1 dynamics, especially, double-arm spiral wave appear for $ D = 0.4 $.External stimuli changing can make spiral wave collapse and the network demonstrates chaotic state. Alternation of initial value for the magnetic flux hardly has effect on the developed spiral wave. Secondly, formation of target wave are studied for different coupling strengths, different sizes of center area with parameter diversity and various initial value for the magnetic flux. It can be obtained that, for certain size of center area with parameter diversity, target wave can be formed for coupling strength $ 0 &amp;lt; D &amp;lt; 1 $, while for too small size of center area with parameter diversity, target wave can hardly be formed. Change of initial value for the magnetic flux has no effect on the formation of target wave. Research results reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of neuron network to some extent and may provide some suggestions for exploring some disease of neural system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Syntaxonomy of secondary communities formed instead of earlier agricultural lands in the middle and south taiga subzones of the European North-East of Russia

We have identified the diversity of secondary communities formed instead of earlier agricultural lands (middle and south taiga subzones of the European North-East of Russia). The work describes 8 associations, 2 subassociations of the classes Papaveretea rhoeadis, Artemisietea vulgaris,Epilobietea angustifolii, Molinio–Arrhenatheretea, Vaccinio–Piceetea. 3 associations (Urtico dioicae–Chamaenerietum angustifolii, Centaureo phrygiae–Dactyletum glomeratae, Deschampsio cespitosae–Salicetum capreae), 1 subassociation (Galeopsietum bifidae galeopsietosum speciosae)were fixed for the first time. We noted a replacement of segetal communities (subass. Galeopsietum bifidae galeopsietosum speciosae) by meadow communities (аss. Centaureo phrygiae–Dactyletum glomeratae) through the domination stage of Cirsium setosum and Elytrigia repens (аss. Cirsio setosi–Elytrigietum repentis). Favorable conditions for development of woody plants (small size of study area, its close position to forest ecosystems, poorly sodded soil) respond for replacement of meadow succession stage by young woody plants towards the second decade of succession. Earlier agricultural lands are an appropriated place for formation of birch forests with a well-developed undergrowth of Salix caprea and herb layer of meadow and forest edge plants (аss. Deschampsio cespitosae–Salicetum capreae). Big-size study areas with a well-formed grass stand are dominated by meadow communities towards the second succession decade even in case of no haying. The highly competitive nitrophytes as Heracleum sosnowskyi, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Anthriscus sylvestris form the following communities as аss. Urtico dioicae–Heracleetum sosnowskyi, аss. Urtico dioicae–Chamaenerietum angustifolii, аss. Symphyto officinalis–Anthriscetum sylvestris. Being highly competitive, these species lead to degradation of first-formed meadow communities.

Application of Polystyrene Nanofiber in Detection of Anxiety-Related Bio-Marker Cortisol

This work aimed to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol level and the occurrence of anxiety through the polystyrene (PS) nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology. The PS nano-fibers were prepared, and its characterization was performed to detect its adsorption selectivity and blood compatibility. 32 anxiety patients treated in the hospital were recruited as the research subjects, with another 35 mentally healthy people as controls. The Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) Scale, Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) were used to analyze the anxiety degree, psychological disorder degree, and personality of the two groups. The plasma cortisol level was detected by PS nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology. Finally, the Pearson correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation between the plasma cortisol level and the scores of HAMA scale, SCL-90 scale, and EPQ scale in anxiety patients. It was revealed that the HAMA scale and SCL-90 scale scores of anxiety patients were superior to those of healthy subjects (P &lt; 0.05). The “neuroticism” factor score in EPQ were obviously higher than that of healthy subjects (P &lt; 0.05). The diameter of the prepared PS nano-fiber was within 200~900 nm, with a small specific surface area (BET), pore volume, and pore size, and the cellular structure was noted on the fiber surface. The PS nano-fiber demonstrated relatively good adsorption performance for benzene hydrocarbon compounds and had excellent anti-protein adsorption capacity. It was found that the plasma cortisol level of anxiety patients was higher than that of healthy subjects (P &lt; 0.05), and the plasma cortisol level was positively correlated with HAMA scale, SCL-90 scale, and EPQ scale scores (r = 0.996, 0.993, and 0.971, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the PS nano-fiber solid phase extraction technology can be applied to identify the plasma cortisol level, which was with a good anti-interference property. An increased plasma cortisol level can be used as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of anxiety.

Field evidence suggests that the Palaeoproterozoic Gowganda Formation in Canada is non-glacial in origin

Abstract During more than a century since its original identification, the Gowganda Formation in Ontario (Canada) has gradually been reinterpreted from representing mainly subglacial tillites to secondary gravity flow and glaciomarine deposits. The main pieces of geological evidence advanced in favour of glaciation in recent articles are outsized clasts that have been interpreted as dropstones and patches of diamictites in a single small-sized area at Cobalt which is still interpreted as displaying subglacial basal tillites. The present research considers field evidence in the Gowganda Formation in the light of more recent work on gravity flows linked to tectonics. Detailed studies have demonstrated that the clasts which are interpreted to be dropstones rarely penetrate laminae and are commonly draped by sediments the appearance of which is similar to lonestones in gravity flows. The “subglacial area” at Cobalt displays evidence of tectonics and gravity flows, which can be traced from the underlying bedrock, and then further in the overlying sequence of diamictites and rhythmites. The sum of geological features displays appearances at odds with a primary glaciogenic origin, and there is no unequivocal evidence present of glaciation. The data indicate deposition by non-glaciogenic gravity flows, including cohesive debris flows for the more compact units, probably triggered by tectonic displacements.

Designing of reverse vending machine to improve its sorting efficiency for recyclable materials for its application in convenience stores

Plastics have multiple applications in disposable products, high-end technology parts, etc., owing to their functionality and manufacturing flexibility. However, their increased use has increased the global proportion of plastic wastes, which creates a serious environmental issue, thereby, creating a demand for plastic waste management techniques. Improving the efficiency of resource recovery by appropriate sorting and collection systems is necessary for successful plastic recycling. Therefore, this study proposed a three-step optimization process of a reverse vending machine (RVM), a small automatic recyclable waste sorter/collector system, for acquiring an optimal design and enhanced efficiency. The RVM system categorized recyclable wastes as plastics, glass, and cans using barcode, vision, and near infrared sensors. The average sorting efficiency of the designed RVM system was 94%, 95% for polyethylene terephthalate, and 98% for glass bottles. Therefore, the RVM system, with the average sorting efficiency of 95%, is suitable for application in on-site sorting in small-sized areas, such as convenience stores, which generate wastes on a small scale.

Simulation study on thermal performance of a Solar box Cooker using nanocomposite for natural Food invention.

The double glass cover analysis of a solar box cooker has been implemented in an internal heat transfer using MoS2-Fe2O3-Cr2O3 nanomaterials. A nanocomposite material's essential role is its higher surface/volume ratio which agrees in small area size of a high ductility without strength loss and an enhanced optical property. The nanocomposite materials have an average particle size of 0.2 - 0.5 μm. Compared to the overall thermal energy efficiency of the solar cookers used, the samples with and without this study's modification are 56.21-31.77% and 33.90-24.90%. The design used nanomaterials' performance with and without coating materials achieved by the bar plate temperature of about 163.74 °C and 113.34 °C below solar radiation of 1037W/m2. The simulation model is conducted on the fuzzy intelligent logic and Cramer's rules. It agreed with the experimental results by 91%.

The investment development path theory and small states

Small states, classified as countries with population barely exceeding 1.5 m, encounter special development challenges. Although they share common characteristics of small population and size of land area, they also differ along other characteristics such as geography, remoteness, and dispersion. These have combined to depict them as different from large states and hence could differ from large states regarding responses to macroeconomic indicators such as foreign direct investment. Thus, this paper investigated the stages of Small states within the investment development path (IDP) framework. As a collective, developing Small states depart from the theory of the IDP. As individual Small states, some of the countries also showed stages that are inconsistent with the theory and empirical evidence. Small states need to be studied as a collective and as individual countries.

Нові технології лазерної поверхневої обробки

Subject and purpose. Currently, gas, solid-state, and fiber lasers are used to process materials in the aviation industry. For the thermal treatment of steels, gas CO2 lasers with a capacity of more than 1 kW used, which are reliable in operation but have high cost and low efficiency. There are no results on the use of low-power (up to 20 W) pulsed-mode lasers for surface hardening of steel products. The purpose of this work is to determine the modes of surface hardening of products from carbon and alloy steels using low-power solid-state pulsed YAG lasers. Methodology. For laser hardening, a 5 W solid-state YAG laser was used (diode pumping, radiation wavelength λ = 1,064 μm, pulse mode). The use of a nonlinear crystal made it possible to obtain UV radiation with λ = 0,355 μm (third harmonic). The following modes were investigated: processing with single pulses (duration 0,1...0,4 ms) and multi-pulse processing with short (30...70 ms) pulses. The scanning speed was 8...2 mm/s. The energy in the pulse was determined by the photoelectric method. Thermal hardening was performed on the following steels: У12, P6M5. The possibility of UV radiation hardening was evaluated on steel 20, 45, У12, and ШХ15. Findings. The optimum values of pulse duration for maximum hardness in laser hardening of the investigated steels. With multi-pulse treatment of steels, the pulse duration is shorter than with single-pulse treatment, the hardening intensity is higher, and the quality of the processed surface is better. Single-pulse and multi-pulse processing are accompanied by partial melting of the surface of steel products, which does not allow it to be used in cases where a high quality of the surface is required. Laser hardening of steel by ultraviolet radiation is not accompanied by melting. Conclusion. For surface hardening of products, where partial melting of the surface is possible, low-power lasers in pulse mode can be used. Laser hardening by ultraviolet radiation is a promising direction for thermal hardening of steels, which allows maintaining the original quality of the surface layer. Thermal hardening with low-power lasers can be effective for small-sized areas of the processed parts of the fuel equipment of aircraft engines, friction elements, and, especially, the tool is small.

Utilization of Image, LiDAR and Gamma-Ray Information to Improve Environmental Sustainability of Cut-to-Length Wood Harvesting Operations in Peatlands: A Management Systems Perspective

Forest industry corporations use quality management systems in their wood procurement operations. Spatial quality data are used to improve the quality of wood harvesting and to achieve environmental sustainability. Some studies have proposed new management systems based on LiDAR. The main aim of this study was to investigate how efficiently planning systems can select areas for wood harvesting a priori with respect to avoiding harvesting damage caused by forest machinery. A literature review revealed the possibility of using GISs, and case studies showed the criteria required to predict the required quality levels. Terrestrial LiDAR can be utilized in authorities’ quality control systems, but it is inefficient for preplanning without terrestrial gamma-ray data collection. Airborne LiDAR and gamma-ray information about forest soils can only be used for planning larger regions at the forest level because the information includes too much uncertainty to allow it to be used for planning in small-sized areas before wood harvesting operations involving wood procurement. In addition, airborne LiDAR is not accurate enough, even at the forest level, for the planning of wood procurement systems because wood harvesting remains challenging without field measurements. Therefore, there is a need for the use of manual ground-penetrating radar for determining the peat layer thickness and the depth to the groundwater table.

Liverwort flora of Ayan - a gained link between subarctic and hemiboreal floras in West Okhotiya (Pacific Russia).

The liverwort flora of Ayan was first investigated one hundred and fifty years after the first exploration of vascular plants. A number of factors has determined the relatively high taxonomic diversity of liverworts in this hemiarctic flora of small-sized area: 118 species and one subspecies were revealed. These data are new not only for the studied area, but also for the huge land adjacent to the western coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The liverwort flora possesses the domination of taxa common in the hemiarctic, although with a lot of taxa more common in boreal as well as arctic-alpine environments. The presence of Mega-Beringian and calciphilous taxa is the peculiar trait of the studied liverwort flora. Based on detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), Ayan liverwort flora shows relationships to the continental mainland floras situated both in North-East Asian hemiarctic and hemiboreal East Asia and is, therefore, the link between both. The flora of Ayan surroundings is one of the newly-filled ‘blank spots’ in the possible floral exchange way between Arctic Northeast Asia and mountainous floras of temperate East Asia.

L-Cysteine directing synthesis of BiOBr nanosheets for efficient cefazolin photodegradation: The pivotal role of thiol

Cefazolin (CFZ) is widely present in the wastewater treatment effluents and in receiving waters and has caused severe impacts to the ecosystem. CFZ degradation by photocatalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its eco-friendly features. Herein, we presented a green synthesis strategy for a highly active BiOBr photocatalyst for CFZ removal with L-cysteine as a directing agent, and the role of thiol in cysteine for facets control and morphology regulation was discussed. We found that the photoactivity of cysteine-induced BiOBr nanosheet was much higher than those prepared by using arginine and glycine as directing agent. Further experiments showed that the cysteine preferentially coordinated Bi3+ with thiol rather than carboxyl. The strong interactions of thiol group with the external surface of the BiOBr crystals stabilize the small crystals that have high surface energy without the cysteine. Such a chemical environment favors forming BiOBr crystalline with small size of high surface area and oriented growth in [110] direction, which facilitates the photogenerated electron-hole separation to achieve significantly promoted photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the cysteine-directed BiOBr nanosheets displayed good photoreactivity to more pollutants (i.e. rhodamine B, cefradine and cefoperazone sodium) and excellent reusability as verified via seven consecutive recycle experiments. The proper photocatalyst dosage (0.4 g/L), relatively acidic water environment (pH 3.4) and high temperature (35 °C) would be beneficial to CFZ photodegrdation by BiOBr. Also, the CFZ photodegradation mechanism and degradation pathway were also proposed by combining radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) test with LC-MS analysis in the photocatalytic process.

Development of an experimental setup for intraoperative angiography system

The treatment of locally advanced tumors of the head and neck presents serious difficulties due to the difficulty of localizing growths, namely the proximity to vital organs and systems of the body (brain, large blood vessels) and the small size of the areas of intervention limits the choice of treatment methods. So, the development of helper methods and hardware of intraoperative visualization of blood vessels is relevant. So, the development of auxiliary methods and hardware means of intraoperative blood vessel imaging for objective assessment of adequacy of blood supply and differentiated recognition of anatomical structures is especially relevant in biomedical optics. The aim of the work is to create an experimental setup for the development, testing and modification of the algorithms for improving the quality of the image of blood vessels against the background of surrounding tissues by optical method. The article is devoted to technological and program features of developing and creating an experimental setup for intraoperative imaging. Clinical problem of the necessity of vessel imaging has been established. Current state of intraoperative vessel imaging has been analyzed. Structure of the setup has been determined. The requirements for parts of the setup have been formulated. Usage of the chlorophyll as a new liquid for blood substitution has been experimentally justified. A MATLAB-based model for quality evaluation of functions of the setup has been developed. The experimental results obtained in the article are of great practical importance for the development of a biotechnological system for intraoperative vessel imaging.