Small-scale Households Research Articles

On willingness to pay and impact mechanism of green agricultural products: a case of shrimp rice in Hunan, China

The burgeoning interest in green agriculture represents a pivotal shift towards environmentally friendly farming systems but sales of its products have been poor. Therefore, guiding consumers to pay reasonably can help green agricultural enterprises formulate appropriate marketing strategies and enhance public health and environmental quality. This paper takes shrimp rice (SR) as an example, based on 1,158 consumers in the largest rice province Hunan, and seeks to detect which factors affect the public’s willingness to pay (WTP) by adopting the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Heckman two-step Model. After removing biased observations, the results show that most respondents recognize the value of SR, whose premium is 1.47 yuan/kg, with a 25.85% premium rate. Moreover, positive external cognitions (psychology, environment, safety, policy) can moderate consumers’ WTP to varying degrees by strengthening their corresponding motivations. In addition, older, highly educated men who are familiar with SR and high-income but small-scale households with children and the elderly are more likely to pay a higher premium. Hence, some recommendations are put forward to enhance consumers’ external cognitions, providing an indispensable scientific basis for developing countries to promote the sustainable development of environmentally friendly agriculture.

How does output price risk influence agricultural energy consumption? Evidence from China’s lychee market

ABSTRACT Agricultural price risk plays a critical role in shaping farmer behaviours. However, existing studies offer little evidence of how output price risk influences energy-related behaviours in agricultural production. In this study, we investigate the impact of output price risk on agricultural energy consumption by leveraging nationally representative data of lychee farmers with daily prices across the supply chain in China. Our findings robustly demonstrate that an increase in output price risk positively affects agricultural households’ energy expenditures. Additionally, we find that the effects of output price risk are more salient among samples of diesel consumption, small-scale households, and less-educated households. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis documents that output price risk significantly increases the likelihood of participating in the non-farm occupation, as well as adopting energy-powered production technologies and productive fixed assets.

Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, protects against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in central Benin

BackgroundSpatial repellents can provide personal and household protection against biting vector mosquitoes by volatizing repellents into the air within a given area. Mosquito Shield™ is a transfluthrin passive emanator undergoing evaluation for malaria control. Studies evaluating its entomological impact against different local malaria vector populations would help guide its deployment in endemic countries.MethodsA two-arm single-blinded small-scale household randomised entomological trial was conducted to assess the impact of Mosquito Shield™ on the human landing rate of wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) vector mosquitoes in houses in the Ganhoua village of the Zakpota District of central Benin. From a total of 30 houses, 15 were randomly allocated to receive Mosquito Shield™, while the remainder received a placebo product. The trial lasted through the life of the Mosquito Shield™ product (32 days). Mosquito sampling was performed by human landing catches at baseline and at 6 timepoints post-intervention (days 0–1, 7–8, 14–15, 21–22, 28–29 and 31–32). Collections were performed for 2 nights at each sampling time point. WHO cylinder bioassays were conducted during the trial with F1 An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes that emerged from larvae from the study area to assess the intensity of resistance to pyrethroids in the wild vector population.ResultsThe vector population in the study area showed a high intensity of resistance to pyrethroids. Baseline An. gambiae s.l. human landing rates were similar in houses in both study arms before product application (11.53/person/night vs 11.67/person/night, p > 0.05). A total of 5736 mosquitoes were collected in the placebo control arm and 3862 in the Mosquito Shield™ arm post-intervention. Overall An. gambiae s.l. post-intervention human landing rates were significantly lower in houses in the Mosquito Shield™ arm (18.13/person/night) compared to the houses in the placebo control arm (26.84/person/night, IRR = 0.658, p < 0.001). Over the lifespan of the product, Mosquito Shield™ provided a significant protective efficacy of 34.2% (22.1–44.4%, p < 0.001) against wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. vectors compared to the placebo. Human landing rates of other nuisance vector mosquito species (Culex and Mansonia) were also reduced in houses treated with Mosquito Shield™ compared to the placebo.ConclusionMosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, provided significant protection against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors to households in Benin. The spatial repellent shows potential to reduce malaria transmission by pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. vector mosquitoes and cover gaps in malaria control when deployed to complement existing vector control interventions.

Investigation on fixed pitch Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine

Small-scale Darrieus wind turbines have a wide scope in areas that are isolated from the power grid for such small-scale household applications. Applications of wind turbines on house roofs are one potential way to generate electricity from wind energy harvesting in low-wind urban locations. This work studies the aerodynamic behavior of a vertical axis wind turbine based on a MATLAB programming mathematical model. The NACA0021 airfoil profile blade was used in this present research investigation. The turbine was fabricated with dimensions such as chord length, c = 95 mm, blade height, h = 600 mm, and turbine diameter, D = 600 mm. The experimental results of the turbine for air velocity from 1 to 12 ms−1 were used in this paper and compared with analytical results. It has been observed that the fixed-pitch turbine does not start by itself at a low air velocity of 1 to 5 m/s due to a minimum and negative torque.

Current Status and Future Prospects of Small-Scale Household Biodigesters in Sub-Saharan Africa

Despite the age of the technology, sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have numerous challenges that hinder biogas from being widely adopted. This review investigates the current gap between holistic use and the need for small-scale household biodigester adoption and effectiveness in rural and semiurban households of SSA. It reviews the present situation and potential of small-scale household digesters for sustainable future energy and biofertilizer use, with a focus on SSA. A literature survey was performed on small-scale household biogas digesters, and issues relating to the distribution, use, and implementation status with their implications on the future of small-scale household digesters in SSA were briefly reviewed. In recent years, the overall number of domestic biogas digesters installed across SSA countries has shown a significant increase due to the efforts of the National Domestic Biogas Programs such as the African Biogas Partnership Program with the Netherlands Development Organization and the Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation. However, based on an extensive literature review on small-scale household biodigesters in SSA, the study highlights that the success of biogas technology as a clean domestic cooking fuel has been relatively low. The findings of this review show that SSA countries still face a number of hurdles, the most significant of which can be boiled down to the need for technological advancement according to local context, social acceptance, and large initial investment costs. In order to overcome these obstacles and advance technological capability, social acceptance, financial benefits, and environmental impacts in order to improve its use and widespread dissemination as a renewable energy source, a highly effective organic fertilizer, and economic benefits for the betterment of SSA communities, more well-organized work and adequate research activities should be initiated and supported. The findings may be useful to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who support/promote sustainable energy and waste management strategies in low-resource settings.

The Scaling-up of Agricultural Mechanization Services and the Re-shaping of Small-Scale Household Farming in China

Abstract Taking the case of the agricultural mechanization service industry as an example, this study discusses the dynamics of the transformation of China’s agricultural contracting service industry in the context of the scaling-up of agricultural production, and how the transformation is reshaping small-scale household farming in grain production. With the accelerated growth of farmland transfer, large-scale agricultural producers have been emerging rapidly in different parts of China in the past years. Since their demand for agricultural contracting services is different from that of small-scale household producers, the scaling-up of agricultural production has promoted the scaling-up of agricultural contracting services. Meanwhile, the capital surplus in the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry has created three consequences simultaneously: the excess supply of agricultural mechanization services, the acceleration of agricultural machinery renewal, and the rising cost of machinery purchases. The interactions of these three factors not only raised the threshold of the agricultural machinery service industry, which makes it difficult for part-time service providers to survive market competition, but also shortened the time window for machinery service provision, which makes it difficult for large-scale agricultural producers to balance land operation and machinery service provision. Consequently, large-scale agricultural machinery service organizations are continuously replacing those small-scale part-time service providers. During this process, small-scale household producers engaged in grain production are faced with increasing risks of being excluded from farming, both directly and indirectly, as it is difficult for small producers to deal with large service organizations, and the small-scale part-time service providers that used to serve them are continually being replaced.

Human fascioliasis emergence in southern Asia: Complete nuclear rDNA spacer and mtDNA gene sequences prove Indian patient infection related to fluke hybridization in northeastern India and Bangladesh

Fascioliasis is a snail-borne zoonotic disease with impact on the development of human subjects and communities. It is caused by two liver-infecting fasciolid trematode species, the globally-distributed Fasciola hepatica and the Africa/Asia-restricted but more pathogenic, larger F. gigantica. Fasciola gigantica is the cause of endemicity in livestock throughout the warm lowlands from Pakistan to southeastern Asia since old times. Human fascioliasis is emerging in this region at present, with an increase of patient reports. Complete sequences of rDNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 spacers and mtDNA nad1 and cox1 genes were obtained from fasciolid eggs found in the endoscopic bile aspirate from a patient of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Egg measurements, pronounced ITS heterozygosity, and pure F. gigantica mtDNA haplotypes demonstrate an infection by a recent F. gigantica-like hybrid. Sequence identities and similarities with the same DNA markers found in livestock from Bangladesh prove the human-infecting fasciolid to present identical ITSs and nad1 haplotypes and only one silent transversion in cox1 when compared to a widely-spread combined haplotype in animals. In northeastern India and Bangladesh, human fascioliasis emergence appears linked to increasing livestock prevalences due to: ruminant importation from other countries because of the increasing demand of rapidly growing human populations; numerous livestock movements, including transborder corridors, due to the uncontrolled small-scale household farming practices; and man-made introduction of F. hepatica with imported livestock into an area originally endemic for F. gigantica leading to frequent hybridization. Sequences, phylogenetic trees, and networks indicate that the origins of intermediate/hybrid fasciolids and factors underlying human infection risk differ in eastern and western South Asia. The emergence scenario in southern China and Vietnam resembles the aforementioned of northeastern India and Bangladesh, whereas in Pakistan it is linked to increasing monsoon rainfall within climate change combined with an impact of an extensive irrigation system. Past human-guided movements of pack animals along the western Grand Trunk Road and the eastern Tea-Horse Road explain the F. gigantica mtDNA results obtained. Physicians should be aware about these emerging scenarios, clinical pictures, diagnostic techniques and treatment. Government authorities must appropriately warn health professionals, ensure drug availability and improve livestock control.

Solar energy potential calculation methods

Several European municipalities developed an information map called solar cadaster that provide qualitative information for the citizens about the possible locations and amount of the small scale household solar PV system installations. The objective of these cadasters is the promotion and fostering of the distribution of the PV systems. Most of the cadasters are based on remote sensing roof measurements and irradiation information but provide only indicative data. Our solution is based on ten implementation type categories such as individual small houses, housing estates, solar carports, public institutions, etc. We looked for which segment of the solutions can raise the penetration with greater efficiency. We found that in Budapest there are eight large 10 storeys block-type housing estates with 100 thousand flats. Here 20-40 kWp can be installed for each staircase that is about 300-600 MWp for 1500 staircase. The total additive PV potential in Budapest is 1500 MW.

Food Security and Household Influencing Factors in Dire Dawa and Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Background: Many households in urban areas suffer from severe food insecurity, and the current economic recession, pandemic, and conflict in the region have disproportionately aggravated the problems. Even if it is a social and public health challenge, the problems have been overlooked in the planning area. Measuring food security status in an urban setting is crucial to developing a sustainable and effective intervention. This study is designed to assess food security and household influencing factors in the eastern part of urban areas in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess 616 households. Of the total of 616 samples, 405 were from Dire Dawa and 211 were from Harar, using simple random sampling. Validated questionnaires from previous studies were accustomed to collecting information. Three kebeles from Dire Dawa and three kebeles from Harar were selected using lottery methods. The data were collected by health extension workers. The information was entered into Epi-data version 3.02 and exported to SPSS version 21. To identify significant factors influencing household food insecurity, binary regression analysis was performed, and a P &lt; 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test with a P &gt; 0.05. Results: The prevalence of household food insecurity among urban residences in Dire Dawa and Harar was 41.7% [95% CI: 37.4–45.6]. The following factors were identified as influencing factors: household head sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.08–2.84), household head education status (primary level) (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99), household mother occupation (private business workers) (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.19–0.57), households with the medium wealth index (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06–2.78) and households with the poorest wealth index (AOR = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.35–6.86). Conclusions: In this study, mild and moderate household food insecurity is increasing alarmingly. However, the prevalence of household food insecurity is low compared to the other findings. It is essential to design and implement appropriate small-scale household income generation systems for urban areas to tackle the food insecurity problem in the eastern parts of urban areas in Ethiopia.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Herders’ Household Business Scale in the Multi Household Grassland Management Patterns: A Case Study of Maqu County in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

This study conducted an analysis of total production costs, gross production values, and net margins across varying scales (small, medium, and large) within herder households operating under the multi-household management pattern. Data was sourced from a random sample of 35 herder households representing six multi-household management patterns in Maqu County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results revealed that average total production costs per sheep unit were $168.43, $107.36, and $92.89 for small, medium, and large-scale operations, respectively. Gross production values in these scales were $243.50/SSU, $245.23/SSU, and $239.53/SSU. Significantly, large and medium-scale herder households achieved higher net margins, at $146.64/SSU and $137.87/SSU, while small-scale households obtained $75.06/SSU. An intriguing revelation is that net margins for large and medium-scale households predominantly fall within the range of $100.01/SSU to $200.00/SSU, signifying that while scaling may curtail total production costs per sheep unit, it does not assure enduring increases in net margins. These findings hold paramount implications for policymakers as they reassess the feasibility of upscaling multi-household management pattern operations for grassland ecological restoration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. While scaling up can yield cost efficiencies, it does not inherently translate into sustained net profit growth. Hence, astute consideration of these insights is imperative in evaluating the potential of scaling up multi-household management patterns for grassland ecological restoration initiatives.

Production Development of Chestnut Tree: A Case study in Vietnam

The Chestnut tree was a perennial tree that brought a well-known trademark and high economic value to producing households in Chi Vien commune, Trung Khanh district, Cao Bang province. However, households had not taken full advantage of all available benefits while the potential for chestnut production and consumption was high. This study aims to analyze the situation of the development of chestnut production in Chi Vien commune and propose solutions to promote the development of chestnut trees in the commune. The primary data was collected by interviewing 60 farm households on three scales of chestnut production in Chi Vien commune and five traders including collectors, wholesalers, and retailers. Results show that in recent years, the area and output of Chestnut trees in the commune increased significantly. Chestnut products are directly consumed in two forms, mainly indirectly (76.2%). The efficiency in chestnut production was very high. The large-scale households got the highest mixed-income, followed by medium-scale households, and the lowest was in small-scale households. However, being mixed with Chinese Chestnuts reduced the quality and reputation of Chestnuts in Chi Vien Commune in particular and Trung Khanh in general. Therefore, the proposed solutions include support policies for farmers growing Chestnut trees, capital solutions, solutions for agricultural extension, application of new science and technology, the building of a chain of links, and the development of product consumption markets. Through the above synchronous solutions, Chi Vien is towards the goal of sustainable development of chestnut production in the commune shortly.

Climate change vulnerability and poverty nexus: evidence from coastal communities in central Vietnam

The vulnerability assessment of small-scale households on the central coast of Vietnam has been inadequate despite the apparent impacts of climate change. This knowledge gap presents challenges for identifying at-risk individuals and communities and could impede effective public policy and resource allocation for adaptation efforts. To address this issue, this study employed the Livelihood Vulnerability Index referencing IPCC definitions (LVI-IPCC) framework to examine livelihood vulnerability and its determinants among 455 small-scale households in the coastal areas of Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The LVI-IPCC calculation utilized a database of 11 major and 33 sub-indicators collected through a household survey conducted in 2021. The findings revealed that these households exhibit moderate vulnerability to natural disasters and climate shocks, as reflected by their high sensitivity index scores. Additionally, the study identified a persistent cycle of poverty and livelihood vulnerability among coastal communities, wherein poverty and reliance on nature-based income serve as the root cause of the exposure and a gateway to this loop. This study strongly advocates for a pro-poor approach that places poverty alleviation at the forefront of community development planning and climate change agendas. Under this approach, developing value chain models in agriculture and aquaculture and diversifying livelihoods through activities such as community-based tourism is highly recommended.

How agricultural contracting services are reshaping small-scale household farming in China

ABSTRACT This study examines the development of the ACS industry by taking the Agricultural Machinery Service (AMS) industry as a case study and discussing its impacts on small-scale household producers. Drawing upon the theory of ‘appropriationism’, this article shows that, by replacing family labor input, AMS providers take a share of the total agricultural income. As family labor input decreases, the producers are increasingly marginalized in the distribution of agricultural income. Even if small-scale household producers still retain small plots of land, they have increasingly lost control over the farming process and become increasingly subsumed to capitalism.

Business as Usual for the Biomass Energy Sector? State of the Art and Future Avenues

Many companies are increasingly confronting the challenge of changing their business models as they face a future in which energy solutions are needed that are environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. Too often, the development process is sequential and stepwise rather than parallel, especially as far as dealing with technological, sustainability, and economic issues. This paper identifies trends as well as challenges and complications in the use of biomass from a business model perspective and address future avenues. We conduct a systematic literature review to identify state of art in the field of business model development in the biomass energy sector. We use several databases to identify international, peer-reviewed research articles published between 2002 and 2022.Our review presents data from more than 200 articles including author affiliation by country, article publication date, article title, journal of publication, journal impact factor, country of empirical data, unit of analysis, research methodology, and research area addressed. The research areas identified include: (i) biomass as an energy source with multiple applications from small-scale household use to large-scale industry use, (ii) biomass as a renewable resource developed based on industrial and political initiatives, (iii) the feasibility of conventional bioenergy, (iv) the industrial ecosystem, stakeholders, and the business environment in the biomass industry, and (v) biomass as a potential energy source that can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. Although much of this research on the use of biomass takes a technological, logistical, or incentives perspective, our literature review reveals that an increasing body of research takes a business model perspective. This is a promising development, since the future use and growth of biomass as a sustainable resource depends on the successful development of biomass business models that are sustainable in every aspect – social, environmental, and financial.Conclusions drawn from the literature review indicate that the business model researched has mainly focused on three of the building blocks: value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. The building block, value intention, merits more extensive study. This is especially relevant when developing sustainable business models that can meet many of the societal/environmental challenges as defined by the United Nations in its Agenda for Sustainable Development.

PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN PENGELUARAN PRODUKTIF TERHADAP LABA AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM

MSMEs, as small-scale household businesses, often do not have an adequate level of financial management knowledge. The business profit generated, of which the largest portion is usually used to meet family consumption needs, is neglected in favor of business development. with the method of introducing productive finance to their business profits and continuing with management assistance so that MSMEs can make decisions to allocate some of their business profits to productive financial expenditures. Productive expenditure itself can be in the form of business development, investment, or the purchase of productive assets, which can provide additional benefits beyond the business profits that have been realized by MSMEs so far. The program for the importance of productive financial management for MSMEs says that the operating profit generated can support business finances. Implementation of programs and strategies is carried out by providing socialization on productive expenditure to MSMEs actors and providing assistance in choosing productive expenditure according to the resources they have. Financial management assistance allows for consistent monitoring and control of expenditures, particularly productive expenditures. Assistance is expected to improve financial management knowledge of accounting profit and assist SME businesses in making strategic decisions on productive expenditure. &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: MSMEs, Financial management, productive expenditure, business development

Field experimental evidence of how social relations shape behavior that promotes energy conservation

Energy demand-side management is essential for deep decarbonization. However, while we target people as discrete and isolated individuals, we ignore the fact that energy consumption occurs in intricate webs of pre-existing social relations. This study examines an emergency demand response (EDR) program in China involving more than 180,000 households based on relations with family members, communities, and identity. The results indicate that the existence ofsocial relations can promote energy conservation behavior and there is a large degree of heterogeneity. Targeted relations, such as single-living residents, small-scale households, city dweller etc., show greater electricity savings with 12.35% increase in overall effect, which benefit when demographics change in the next few decades. Such heterogeneous changes put forward the pressing need for policymakers to focus on social relations as a unit in future intervention designs to decarbonize the energy system.

Heat transfer analysis of roll-bond evaporator in a small-scale household refrigerator operating with R600a

This paper presents the experimental and theoretical assessment of the thermal behaviour of a roll-bond evaporator in a small-scale household refrigerator using the refrigerant R600a as a working fluid. The experimental data were compared with a general correlation employed to evaluate the heat transfer convection (HTC) and radiation of vertical and horizontal plates of the roll-bond evaporator. The evaporator is placed at the top side of the refrigerator. To provide the right boundary state of the evaporator, the refrigerated chamber was taken into consideration. The acquisition data system and experimental setup are described. The local radiation and convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) were determined for variation in heating power. In the case of small refrigerated spaces, the heat transfer through radiation cannot be neglected. The CHTC of internal vertical walls is lower than that of exterior walls. The refrigerator is equipped with an electric static heater to provide the corresponding cooling capacity. The steady-state cooling capacity predictions based on refrigerant enthalpy differences and heat source energy equation balancing were 9.66% and 0.88 % higher than manufacturing data. The results achieved a good agreement when the theoretical and experimental data are compared.

Social embeddedness and agricultural technology diffusion from the perspective of scale differentiation – a case study from China

Social embeddedness always plays important role in facilitating agricultural technology diffusion. However, in China, dramatic changes have occurred in the social embeddedness of rural households in the transition from ‘acquaintance society’ to ‘semi-acquaintance society’. Could this be the reason for the debate over the role of social embeddedness? What are the differences in the role of social embeddedness between farmers with different land scales? Based on survey data from 583 rural households from Zhejiang Province, China, we used an endogenous switching regression model to answer these questions. The results indicated there are significant differences in social embeddedness between large- and small-scale households. Although the influence of social embeddedness on technology adoption remains significant, its function is significantly different between small- and large-scale farmers. To avoid technological lock-in for small-scale farmers, the government should strengthen the information push and expand the coverage of environmental-friendly agricultural subsidies for them.

Forecasting of Power Quality Parameters Based on Meteorological Data in Small-Scale Household Off-Grid Systems

Off-grid power systems are often used to supply electricity to remote households, cottages, or small industries, comprising small renewable energy systems, typically a photovoltaic plant whose energy supply is stochastic in nature, without electricity distributions. This approach is economically viable and conforms to the requirements of the European Green Deal and the Fit for 55 package. Furthermore, these systems are associated with a lower short circuit power as compared with distribution grid traditional power plants. The power quality parameters (PQPs) of such small-scale off-grid systems are largely determined by the inverter’s ability to handle the impact of a device; however, this makes it difficult to accurately forecast the PQPs. To address this issue, this work compared prediction models for the PQPs as a function of the meteorological conditions regarding the off-grid systems for small-scale households in Central Europe. To this end, seven models—the artificial neural network (ANN), linear regression (LR), interaction linear regression (ILR), quadratic linear regression (QLR), pure quadratic linear regression (PQLR), the bagging decision tree (DT), and the boosting DT—were considered for forecasting four PQPs: frequency, the amplitude of the voltage, total harmonic distortion of the voltage (THDu), and current (THDi). The computation times of these forecasting models and their accuracies were also compared. Each forecasting model was used to forecast the PQPs for three sunny days in August. As a result of the study, the most accurate methods for forecasting are DTs. The ANN requires the longest computational time, and conversely, the LR takes the shortest computational time. Notably, this work aimed to predict poor PQPs that could cause all the equipment in off-grid systems to respond in advance to disturbances. This study is expected to be beneficial for the off-grid systems of small households and the substations included in existing smart grids.

Analysis of Mechanized Agriculture in Southern Region of Ethiopia, Particularly in Central Zones

The central zone of southern Ethiopia is one of the well-known regions of Ethiopia for agricultural food production; the main crops found in the central zone are; fruits and vegetables, cereal crops like teff, maize, sorghum, bean, pea, haricot bean, wheat, rice, barley. Cash crop, Coffee, Ginger, Pepper, Sugarcane. Oil crops for oil manufacturing in the food industry, soybeans, peanuts, sunfowers, and groundnut are harvested for human consumption. Feed crops for cattle or livestock consumption barley, beets, grasses for domestic animals to graze and store as hay or silage. Currently, poverty is commonly observed in both urban and rural areas in this region, mostly familiar within the rural part of the whole country. One of the main causes of food insecurity is unplanned and traditional rain feed agricultural habits.Prsently the farmers of southern region of Ethiopia are following the traditional methods for the land preparation, sowing and other allied operations of their farms. However to reduce the povetry, economic growth and living style of this region community mechanized agriculture is only one of the the solution. To enhance productivity by using a mechanized agricultural system using advanced farm machineries, tools and optional water sources for small-scale households as well as bulky massive irrigation to feed the rapidly growing population is very essential. However, mechanization is one of the most important categories to improve overall agricultural production. The use of advanced agricultural machinery and irrigational supplemented mechanized farming has a direct impact on food security and rural development strategies. Therefore; the present study is conducted to assess data on mechanized agriculture including the use of improved machinery, water resource, and irrigated farming methods in southern Ethiopia, particularly in central zones.