Small Industries Research Articles

The Role of Small Industries in Achieving Sustainable Development in Qassim Region (KSA)

Small industries are one of the most important pillars of sustainable development. Accordingly, many governments have supported the establishment and growth of small industries. In this respect, Saudi Arabia has taken great steps ahead to ensure the spread and growth of this important economic sector. This study sought to know the role of small industries in achieving sustainable development in Qassim (KSA). It used the historical, inductive and spatial analysis approaches. The population included all small industries in Qassim, and this study was applied to the entire study population, which resulted in 112 small industries. The findings revealed that small industries in Qassim have achieved sustainable economic and environmental development, yet they have failed to achieve sustainable social development. Thus, this study recommends that small industries in Qassim should increase the rate of national workforce so as to achieve sustainable social development.

Application of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in waste reduction: a case study on small and medium-scaled enterprise (SME) corrugation packages industry

Application of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in waste reduction: a case study on small and medium-scaled enterprise (SME) corrugation packages industry

Poverty Alleviation and Employment Opportunities through Small Scale Industries (SSI’s) and Government initiatives for SSI’s

Poverty Alleviation and Employment Opportunities through Small Scale Industries (SSI’s) and Government initiatives for SSI’s

A Comprehensive Review on Heavy Metal Toxicity in Coastal Sediments

Abstract Heavy metal toxicity is becoming a growing environmental concern worldwide. The estuary’s surface waters and sediments are finally being transported to the coastal areas. During this transportation, the water and sediments carry numerous elements. The essential elements like nutrition are nitrates, phosphates, silicates, and sulphates, which are required for aquatic life, and non-essential elements contribute to pollution. The input of these essential and non-essential elements is being contributed by nature and anthropogenic activities. Due to the increase in urbanization and anthropogenic activities like agricultural, industrial, thermal power plants, dye factories, inland fisheries, small and significant scale industries, as well as recreational activities, are the sources of heavy metal toxicity. The toxic heavy metals, including mercury, cadmium, chromium, and lead, are leading to biological toxicity. Environmental standards are being modified due to increasing concerns. However, naturally occurring heavy metals and metalloids are drawn from parent rocks and absorbed by aquatic organisms, such as benthic organisms, which fix some heavy metal ions. Flora and fauna also absorb these ions, reducing their concentration. However, due to climatic factors like temperature and pH, these metal ions get adsorbed on the surface of the sediments. During hydrodynamic forces, they get released back into the water and vary seasonally.

Analysis of Determinants of Labor Absorption in Seaweed Small and Medium Industries in Mataram City West Nusa Tenggara Province

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence labor absorption in seaweed small and medium industries in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The variables studied include wages, production capacity, and capital. The research method used was multiple linear regression analysis with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation using questionnaire instruments. The results showed that wages and production capacity had a positive and significant effect on labor absorption, while capital had a negative and significant effect. This study concludes that increasing wages and production capacity can increase labor absorption, while increasing capital tends to reduce labor absorption in seaweed small and medium industries in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Province.

Design, characterizations, and antimicrobial activity of sustainable home furnishing-based waste fabric treated using biobased nanocomposite

Clothing and textile industries are major contributors to environmental pollution including textile manufacturing through garment production, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In this context, the sustainability textile industry is a big challenge and contributes to serving a large segment of society. Also, textile wastes could be used as a raw material for added-value products. Herein, in this study, recycling of residues fabric was treated with antimicrobial nanocomposite to reach the best use of exhausts and obtain multifunction products of aesthetic via the technical design of the waste raw materials. Besides, solving the unemployment problem by opening fields for small industry projects capable of producing high-value textile artifacts, especially when treated against microbes, can be applied to home furnishings. The waste fabric was treated via green synthesis nanocomposite based on chitosan and in situ prepared ZnONPs and cross-linked with tannic acid. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using physicochemical analysis including attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the nanocomposite and treated fabric topographical behavior were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attachment with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and images were processed to evaluate the roughness structure. Additionally, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to ensure the size and stability of the nanocomposite. The obtained results affirmed the green synthesis of nanocomposite with a size around 130 nm, as well as the doped ZnONPs average size of 26 nm and treated waste fabric, performed a promising attraction between nanocomposite and fabric fibers. Moreover, the antimicrobial study observed excellent activity of nanocomposite against bacteria and unicellular fungi as well.

Assessing personal protective equipment usage and its correlation with knowledge, attitudes, performance, and safety culture among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises

BackgroundThe use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be a culture of a workplace, and deeply rooted in worker behavior and attitude during their practice. According to the recent studies only 64% of the workers use PPE properly. The present study aims to investigate the utilization of PPE among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and its relationship with knowledge, attitude, performance, and safety culture among workers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire tool across SMEs in Kashan city in year 2023. The used tool included three questionnaires: demographic, safety culture, and knowledge, attitude and performance. Study papulation was 529 SMEs. Totally, the sample size was 369 persons and questionnaires were distributed among the workers of SMEs. Finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and structural equation modeling. Various statistical tests including T-Test, ANOVA, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and the chi-square ratio were employed.ResultsThe mean values (standard deviation) of age and work experience were 35.19 (12.33), and 15.60 (1.69) years, respectively. Among the 369 participants, 267 participants (72.4%) indicated that they use some PPE, although not all types. However, 102 individuals (27.7%) do not employ any PPE. The lowest score for safety culture dimension was attributed to safety training at 1.58. The results of the final model indicate that the assumed relationships between variables, as outlined in the study objectives, were well established, with all connections proving statistically significant.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the missing of inadequate legal supervision for small industries exists. Therefore, it can be inferred that if supervision and regulation are enhanced for safety training and implementation that may lead to increased usage of PPE.

Company Supply Chain Management Performance Seen from The Aspect of Information Sharing and Cooperation (Empirical Study of MSMEs in the Food Industry Sector in Kertajati Regency)

The small food processing industry is an industrial sector that is quite capable of surviving economic shocks, because every year the need for food increases along with increasing population growth. Small and medium industries have an important role in developing processing businesses, especially in the food sector. The Kertajati specialty processed food industry is an industry that has potential to be developed, because each region has its own characteristics and characteristics. Suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers work together in the product creation process through to product distribution to final consumers, giving birth to the concept of supply chain management. This research aims to analyze the influence of information sharing and cooperation on the performance of supply chain management of MSMEs in the Food Industry Sector in the Kertajati District Region, both partially and simultaneously. The population in this research is small and medium industries in Kertajati District, Majalengka Regency which are engaged in processed food production, totaling 92 MSMEs. The sample used 48 MSMEs as respondents from the entire population, by collecting data through questionnaires. The sampling technique in this research uses probability sampling with a simple random sampling method. The type and source of data used is primary. The analysis technique used is correlation, where previously an instrument test was carried out using validity and reliability tests, then data transformation and data normality test, then hypothesis testing was carried out partially with the t test and simultaneously with the F test operated through the SPSS 21 program. The results of this research show that partially information sharing and cooperation have a significant effect on supply chain management performance. Simultaneous testing shows that information sharing and cooperation have a significant effect on supply chain management performance.

Peningkatan Pembinaan Sadar Wisata Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Pada Sentral IKM Batik Malon

Tourism is a mainstay for the development of new leading tourist attractions or destinations. Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group) is a key element for the community with its strategic role in developing and managing the natural, cultural, and artificial potential of a region to become a tourist destination. This community service activity aims to strengthen the institutional function of the Batik Small and Medium Industries (IKM) in understanding the potential elements of Sapta Pesona (Seven Charms). The implementation of Sapta Pesona is an effort to provide excellent service to tourists, especially for tourism villages, so the participation of the Batik IKM central community is needed in managing the 7 elements of Sapta Pesona. The Sapta Pesona campaign aims to recognize and gain experience in developing tourism villages that have become tourist attractions, through stages of recognizing and gaining experience in managing community-based tourism products and implementing Sapta Pesona actions in the management of tourism villages.

Capital structure, profitability and risk: a study of small companies in the industrial sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the study: Determining the impact of the capital structure on small companies’ performance operating in the field of industry in Kazakhstan. The problem statement. The question to be analyzed in this study is: does the capital structure aff ect the performance of small Kazakhstani companies operating in the industrial sector? Methodology: In this study, we use data from 30 small industry companies in Kazakhstan based on annual reports for 2012-2022. The total debt ratio is the dependent variable used in this study. Profi tability, business risk, tax efficiency and age of the company were taken as independent variables. Statistics, correlation and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Originality/value of the study: The results showed that borrowed capital is subject to factors of profi tability, tax burden, and business risk. There was no signifi cant impact of the age of the company on the borrowed capital. Relevance: This study complements the literature on capital structure factors in developing countries and the financial condition of small industrial enterprises. This research will be aimed at exploring the potential use of borrowed capital to increase the profi tability of the company to reduce business risks.

The Influence of Commercial Activities and Tourism Activities on the Development of Public Facilities of the Simpang Barelang Boundar

This research aims to evaluate the influence of commercial activities and tourism activities on the development of public facilities at the Simpang Barelang Roundabout, a strategic area that connects several areas in the Batam region. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Primary data was collected through surveys involving business actors, tourists and local communities. The survey was designed to identify their needs and perceptions of available public facilities. In addition, secondary data was obtained from local government reports and other related institutions.The analysis results show that commercial activities, which include trade, services and small industry, significantly influence the need for adequate infrastructure. The increase in the number of businesses around the Simpang Barelang roundabout encourages the government to provide facilities such as better roads, street lighting and adequate drainage systems. On the other hand, increasing tourism activities in this area also contribute to the development of public facilities. Tourists who visit, both domestic and international, expect adequate facilities such as a large parking area, tourist information center, cleaning facilities and recreation areas. This research concludes that synergy between commercial and tourism activities is very important in the planning and development of sustainable public facilities.

ASSESSING THE PROFITABILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED WOOD FURNITURE BUSINESSES IN ETHIOPIA

This study focuses on the issue of profitability within the small and medium wood industries in Ethiopia. Profitability stands as a cornerstone for the advancement of contemporary industries and is a pressing concern for policymakers. The primary aim of this study is to determine the level of profitability and the factors influencing it in small and medium-scale wood enterprises. To conduct the study, four key cities - Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Hawassa, and Jima - were purposively selected. Data were gathered from 170 industries across these cities and subjected to analysis, yielding pertinent results. As expected, the wood industries in Ethiopia lacking profitability and among the 170 surveyed, 59.4% industries were not profitable. This is because majority of workers in Ethiopia's wood industry lack formal or on-the-job training both prior to and during employment. Moreover, the machinery and equipment they operate are outdated, and they lack the necessary skills for their proper utilization. Additionally, challenges such as insufficient raw materials, limited capital, and poor market connections were identified as significant obstacles to profitability. To tackle these challenges and bolster profitability, continuous technical and managerial training for workers, financial assistance for acquiring modern machinery, enhancements in production processes, sales strategies, and market linkage facilitation are recommended.

Evaluation of Performance Enhancement in Garment Industry Using Lean Tools

The comprehensive idea of lean manufacturing emphasizes the identification and removal of wastes related to production. Increased productivity, shorter lead times, improved line balancing, lower work in progress (WIP), higher quality, more adaptable designs, lower costs, etc. are all major objectives of applying lean tools. This study aims to investigate how lean manufacturing techniques might enhance manufacturing efficiency in Bangladeshi RMG sector. The sewing section of a small scale garment industry was the focus of this study. In the study, the existing line layout of a trouser style was examined using value stream mapping which contributed to the identification of numerous waste in the existing layout. In order to change the current status of the sewing section, the workplace was organized by 5S tools to remove wastes identified by VSM followed by altering the conventional longer line layout into three cell of work station as suggested by cellular manufacturing. After implementation of these lean tools, results observed include, production output is increased by 17.80%, efficiency is increased by 12.46%, SMV of product is standardized to 18.68 min., defects per hundred units is reduced to 10% and order change over time is reduced by 37%. The conclusions reached during the execution of this implementation study are realistic and applicable in industries with similar structures. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 10(1), 2023 P 27-36

Implementasi E-Katalog IKM Berbasis Website Pada Dinnakerind Di Kabupaten Demak

In this digital era, information technology is very important to develop small and medium industries (SMEs). The Department of Labor and Industry of Demak Regency seeks to improve the competitiveness of SMEs through a website-based e-catalog. The aim of this research is to create and implement an e-ICM catalogue that can be accessed online by the public as well as to evaluate how effective the catalogue is in promoting local products. Needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing are the measures used in this research. This research aims to design and implement an SMEs e-catalog that can be accessed online by the community, and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting local products. The research method includes needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The result is an e-catalog website that displays complete information about SMEs products in Demak Regency, including product descriptions, images, and manufacturer contacts. This website also has a search feature and product categories to facilitate users. Using the black-box testing method, the test was conducted with a usability survey of 22 respondents, which yielded a score of 86.8%. It is expected that the system will help develop small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) in Demak district, improve product visibility, and support the local economy.

REKONSTRUKSI PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM REVOLUSI INDUSTRI MELALUI SUMBER-SUMBER TERTULIS

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the development of the role of women in the industrial revolution sector. Although the role of women has a huge impact in Indonesia, there are still various challenges that must be faced in strengthening the potential role of women in the Industrial Revolution era. This research method uses a case study with a qualitative approach. This research uses purposive sampling method and data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews with resource persons. The results in this study show that nowadays there have been many considerable changes in work activities, especially for productive work in addition to reproductive/domestic work. Women have been involved in many productive jobs or work for a living. However, women's involvement in income-generating work activities still appears to be closely related to the existing employment structure in society. As in production, there are generally different assessments of men's work and women's work, especially with regard to technology. Since technology is often patriarchal, men tend to have more access to it than women. However, there has been a shift in work roles from women doing reproductive work to productive work. Women are starting to do more agricultural work, large and small industries and various fields of development that produce economic value.

Persepsi Pengrajin dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Batik Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Batik waste is waste produced from batik producing activities which can have a negative impact. In general, the process of making batik will channel wastewater into the surrounding air which causes various pollution, including color changes, increased pH, COD, BOD, TSS, odors, changes in the taste of the air, soil and ground air pollution, and the influence of chemicals on the bodies of plants, animals and humans. Craft perceptions relate to batik waste management, including knowledge, awareness and economic limitations. The research method approach applied is to use a quantitative descriptive approach. The research location is in the center of the small and medium batik industry (IKM) in Bojonegoro Regency. There are 10 batik SMEs as a complete sample of the population. The method used to measure craftsmen's perceptions is the Likert Scale. As many as 100% of the community felt the benefits in the form of a source of income, opening up employment opportunities, preserving local culture and so on. The level of public perception regarding the benefits of batik wastewater management was obtained: 80% agreed that wastewater management could reduce surface air, soil, groundwater and air pollution, 70% could expand the product market, and 100% strongly agreed that it could reduce the cost of purchasing candles. The community agrees that managing IPAL requires expensive investment and maintenance costs, as well as skilled human resources. Changes in air color, odor and causing cancer, decreased DO, air surface quality, ground water and soil are also threats if batik wastewater is not managed. The community quite agrees that there will be a decrease in soil fertility, and the killing of air and soil organisms can occur if wastewater pollution occurs. The level of public perception reaches 100%, the need to carry out socialization and training for IPAL operators and inadequate human resources are challenges in managing batik waste. Another aspect to consider is inadequate economic conditions and low awareness of craftsmen.

Adaptability and integration influence on adaptive capacity of small- and medium-scale construction organisations

PurposeAdaptability and integration (ADI) are the core ingredients for environmentally sustainable construction (ESC), which preserves the ecology from unsupported human activities. However, the approach is lagging in developing countries, which has led to studying the influence of ADI on the adaptive capacity of small- and medium-scale construction organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed a quantitative methodology, collecting 400 responses as a sample size. A construct of 14 influential factors concerning ADI within the Ghanaian small and medium-scale construction industry was developed. The data obtained from participants underwent analysis using SPSS version 26. The validity of the study’s findings was assessed by applying structural equation modelling (SEM) within the AMOS software.FindingsIt was evident that innovation advancement and ongoing training and evaluations significantly influence ADI for adaptive capacity. Moreover, the system internally and vulnerability (SIV) and perceived need for implementation (PNI) sub-scales were the main latent components for best construction practices.Practical implicationsGhana’s small- and medium-scale construction organisations have yet to fully recognise the importance of ADI in enhancing adaptive capacity for the best ESC. However, the results indicated that ADI constructs will significantly influence implementation outcomes to ensure ESC.Originality/valueThe originality of this research also resides in identifying how ADI affect small- and medium-scale construction organisation’s ability to ensure ecologically sustainable building practices.

First Description of Mycoplasma agalactiae Anatomical Localization in Naturally Infected Hard Ticks (Rhipicephalus bursa).

Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) is considered the primary causative agent of contagious agalactia (CA) in sheep and goats, which causes severe losses to the small ruminant dairy industry. As early as 1816, it was thought that environmental factors played a role in pathogen maintenance in endemic areas. Specifically, recent studies hypothesized a vector role for arthropods in the epidemiology of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and anatomical localization of Ma in naturally infected Riphicephalus bursa ticks to better evaluate tick-pathogen interactions. Salivary glands and ovaries of confirmed Ma-positive R. bursa were analyzed to look for the Ma antigen using immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC showed strong positivity to Ma in the cytoplasm of salivary cells as well as in cells from the ovary. Our work demonstrated for the first time the crossing of the tick midgut barrier by Ma and the subsequent infection of organs capable of spreading the infection, and this result represents an absolute novelty in disease-related knowledge. Our preliminary results provide conclusive evidence of the potential vector role represented by hard ticks in the epidemiology of CA. Further field and laboratory investigations are necessary to confirm the tick role in the transmission of clinical CA.

The Role of Entrepreneurship in the Economic Development of Ghana: Evidence from the Mfantseman Municipality of Ghana

The study examines the characteristics, challenges and the role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of the Mfantseman Municipality of Ghana. Descriptive research design was utilsed for the study and qestionnaire was distributed to 100 participants. The data was analyzed into descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies into tables and charts using Microsoft excel. The results from the study demonstrated that, majority of the entrepreneurs in the Municipality engaged in service rendering activities and have been in operation for 6-10 years. Moreover, it was revealed that entrepreneurs are faced with the challenges of limited access to finance, limited access to market, inadequate support from government, low demand, high taxes, inadequate equipment and technology and electricity power outage in their operations. Finally, it was discovered that entrepreneurs in the Mfantseman Municipality have played a tremendous role in the economic development of the municipality by creating employment avenues, reducing poverty and contributing to the GDP in the economy. The study recommended that the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) should collaborate with the government to provide these entrepreneurs with the needed technologies and funds. The study is aimed to fill a gap in literature in the area of entrepreneurship in the economic development in Ghana.

Breaking barriers in pharmaceutical analysis: Streamlined UV spectrometric quantification and stability profiling of haloperidol and methylparaben in liquid formulations

This study aims to quantify haloperidol and methylparaben in a liquid pharmaceutical formulation (2 mg/ml) using UV spectrometry and the simultaneous equations method. Additionally, we explored the stability of haloperidol under various stress conditions. The UV analysis revealed maximum absorption peaks at 248 nm for haloperidol and 256 nm for methylparaben, using a 1 % (v/v) lactic acid solution as the solvent. Method validation, conducted according to ICH guidelines, affirmed the method's reliability, showing excellent results in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The method allows direct application to finished products, enabling simultaneous quantification without extractions. Its simplicity, speed, and cost-effectiveness make it ideal for routine controls in pharmaceutical industry haloperidol solution analyses. The method extends to monitoring forced degradation, indicating photolytic and hydrolytic degradation under acidic and basic conditions, while affirming thermal and oxidative stability. This proposed UV spectrometric method serves as a compelling alternative to pharmacopeia-recommended techniques, simplifying simultaneous determination of the active ingredient and preservative. This streamlines analysis, reducing time and costs. Additionally, it proves valuable in small industries lacking sophisticated instrumentation, offering insights into active ingredient behavior during forced degradation.