Small And Medium Scale Industries Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NEW BUSINESS MODEL IN CHALLENGING THE ADVERSITY OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global issue that has put small and medium scale industries (SMESs) under a great deal of pressure to thrive, forcing them to react efficiently to the crisis. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of the new business model in challenging the adversity of the COVID-19 pandemic on the small and medium scale industries (SMEs). The independent variables in this study are the differences between the new and old business model, business redevelopment (uses of technology), government support and also the impact of COVID-19 on SMEs. The study applies a quantitative approach conducted through the distributions of questionnaires using Google Form to 50 SMEs entrepreneurs in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The method of analysis used to conduct this study is by using primary and secondary data where the researchers used factor analysis, regression analysis and reliability analysis. The results for this study shows that the hypothesis for both the technology and redevelopment model supports the effectiveness of the new business model in challenging the adversity of COVID-19 among small and medium scale industries are accepted.

Exploitation and Liberation: Case Study of Women Workers in Surat’s Unorganised Sector

Based on an empirical study, this article narrates the condition and status of women workers engaged in the unorganised sector in Surat. The city, considered Gujarat’s economic hub and business capital, is known for its small- and medium-scale industries (SMSIs) especially those connected with weaving, dying-printing, embroidery and diamonds. A number of non-industrial, informal sector livelihood activities, known as the fringe sub-sector, are integrated with the city’s main industrial activities. Studies reveal that a high number of migrant workers from all over India eke their livelihood from this wide spectrum of economic activities combining both these sub-sectors in which women constitute a significant proportion of this workforce. The article firstly describes their demographic profile as well as their working conditions. It also takes into account not only their contribution in terms of an economic income but also outlines their impact in the social sphere. The article argues that though the work milieu of the unorganised sector is as exploitative and oppressive for women workers as it is for men, to a certain extent there is an element of liberation for women in their social existence.

Measuring by Interpretive Structural Model the Perceived Barriers for GSCM Practices in Indian SME’s

Environmental protection is the primary responsibility of any contemporary Indian manufacturing organization. The trade barriers and meeting the regularities for the supplier in the developing countries to supply their products globally has to face multiple challenges in both importing and exporting. However, the concept of green practices is relatively new to the Indian manufacturing industry, specifically to small and medium scale industries (SME). The SME finds it challenging to practice green concepts due to a lack of green-related education and practitioners. An extensive literature review carried out to identify the practical barriers to Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices. They identified nine barriers are studied thoroughly and analyzed using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) technique. The identified barriers are classified using Matrice d’Impacts croises-multiplication appliqúe an classment (MICMAC) analysis to determine the driving and dependence power of each barrier. The benefaction from this study is to find out the dominant barriers to GSCM practice in the Indian industry and helps to understand the high priority barriers with strong driving and craving power. The developed model using the ISM technique helps the Indian manufacturing industry to understand interdependencies and contextual relationships of the obstacles

Operational and Fianncial Performance of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation – An Overview

Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation [APSFC] is a term lending Institution established in 1956 by merger of Andhra State Financial Corporation and Hyderabad State Financial Corporation for promoting small and medium scale industries (SMEs) in Andhra Pradesh under the provisions of the Sate Financial Corporations Act, 1951. The APSFC as premier state level financial institution and as an integral part of the development financing system in the country has gained prominence for playing its role in the achievement of rapid and high quality industrial growth in Andhra Pradesh. It offers a package of assistance to the entrepreneurs to enable them to translate their project ideas into reality. The corporation has launched many entrepreneur-friendly schemes to provide term loans, working capital term loans, and special and seed capital assistance to suit the needs of various categories of entrepreneurs. The Corporation has completed five and half decades of dedicated service in industrial financing of tiny, small and medium scale sector units and contributing to the balanced regional development of the state. It has been continuously doing its best in every possible area of its operations to retain its premier position among the SFCs in the country. In order to provide an instant picture of the performance of the APSFC during the last 10 years, the researcher has under taken the present study entitled “Operational and Financial Performance of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation – An Overview”. In this paper the researcher has made an attempt to examine the no. of applications sanctioned with applied amount, flow of assistance in terms of sanctions and disbursements, flow of assistance to small-scale sector, Recovery performance of the Corporation, Income and expenditure, Operating and net profit, Growth in net worth, Capital adequacy ratio, Asset quality and reduction of NPAs, Cost of borrowings and return on average assets. At the end of the analysis some viable and useful suggestions are offered to tone up the overall performance of the Corporation for industrial development in Andhra Pradesh.

Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Typical Marble Processing Plant

This article describes how marble is one of the most important stone resources in terms of durability. It is aesthetically pleasing, and a decorative material used by many architects, as well as plays an important role in the economy of India. Most of the marble processing activities are performed by small and medium scale industries (SMEs) not only in India but worldwide. These industries have low efficiency and productivity due to lack of new technologies, high productivity cost and a lack of proper sustainable waste management systems, thereby increasing the waste generated during the processing stage. There is a significant need within the sector for increasing production efficiency, combined with the need of a substantial reduction in waste generated that can be achieved by endorsing technological innovations. This is in addition to following best available processing practices, incorporating energy saving technologies and modernizing the sectors management and organization structure which will substantially increase efficiency as well as production. This article provides a systematic approach for assessing the current energy and present environment status of a typical SME processing units of Rajasthan area, and proposes measures for meeting cleaner production principles. An evaluation methodology was developed considering the realistic plant operation scenarios. The total energy inputs for processing the products with their appropriate environmental indices like CO2 emissions were calculated. Alternatively, the CO2 emissions were also calculated by Gabi educational software for different industries and the best way of reducing the energy consumption is suggested by following alternate source of energy.

Hindering and fostering factors SMEs performance in the Western Province of Sri Lanka

It is very significant to understand what factors affect the failure of Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs). The study is to empirically identify factors effecting on SMEs for the success and it’s an exploratory using a sample form Western province in Sri Lanka. To study the failure factors of SMEs in Western province in Sri Lanka., forty six (46) samples were selected through systematic random sampling throughout the year of 2010 to 2016. A questionnaire is used for collecting primary data for this study and it includes five point of Likert scale questions. Researcher gives more weight to failed ventures because this research main objective is find out factors affecting the rate of failure of small business enterprises. Reliability of dimensions is test using with the support of Cronbach’s Alpha Value. Validity of dimensions is test using convergent validity using KMO values. The results of the study revealed that out of eight factors affecting to failure such as Owner manager’s attitude, Financial Issues, Raw material availability, Labor Availability, Technology Issues, Entrepreneurial knowledge, Feasibility study and Government Support ; the raw material availability and the government support are the most important factors for the success.

Hindering and fostering factors SMEs performance in the Western Province of Sri Lanka

It is very significant to understand what factors affect the failure of Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs). The study is to empirically identify factors effecting on SMEs for the success and it’s an exploratory using a sample form Western province in Sri Lanka. To study the failure factors of SMEs in Western province in Sri Lanka., forty six (46) samples were selected through systematic random sampling throughout the year of 2010 to 2016. A questionnaire is used for collecting primary data for this study and it includes five point of Likert scale questions. Researcher gives more weight to failed ventures because this research main objective is find out factors affecting the rate of failure of small business enterprises. Reliability of dimensions is test using with the support of Cronbach’s Alpha Value. Validity of dimensions is test using convergent validity using KMO values. The results of the study revealed that out of eight factors affecting to failure such as Owner manager’s attitude, Financial Issues, Raw material availability, Labor Availability, Technology Issues, Entrepreneurial knowledge, Feasibility study and Government Support ; the raw material availability and the government support are the most important factors for the success.

New Product Development and Innovation for Sustainable Profitable Businesses of Indian Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs) and Startups

While current products of a firm continue to be top priority for business, the importance of new products increases over time and they may have to replace current products. Every firm has own way to sustain current products and make efforts to develop new product in order to show their strong presence in the market and stay ahead of competition. To augment new products, firm has to continue work on new product development and innovation. The critical success factors triggering innovation and new product development are-customer inputs, market feedback, changes in customer or consumer patterns, environmental changes, regulations, direct & indirect competition, product and process quality, things gone right, things gone wrong and supplier end developments. Firms have to nurture new ideas generated from these triggers, systematically, to fulfill their objectives. Firms have, to identify touch points and, to deploy mechanisms to collect ideas, feedback & suggestions. The significant contribution to Indian economy is done by small & medium scale industries and startups. Therefore, a study is undertaken to understand the current process of new product development and innovation in Indian SMEs and startups, to find out gaps to identify triggers and define a framework, which will give future insights to firms in Indian context.

A Proposed Model for Sustaining Quality Assurance Using TQM Practices in Small and Medium Scale Industries

In earlier decades several studies made on Total Quality Management (TQM) practices in small and medium scale enterprises. By compiling the various research works that were carried out during 2010-2015 in the field of Small and Medium-Scale Industries (SMSIs) TQM can be broadly conceptualized in to as flexible and rigid practices. From the limited level of investigations so far made on the various research works it has lead in identifying the different factors that influence TQM practices in SMSIs and its supplementary growth. The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of flexible and rigid TQM practices in SMSIs. It gives a broad overview of how TQM practices are constructed and how it acts on the various quality improvements. This work is expected to widely sensitize the TQM practices in SMSIs and how quality assurance in organizations will have to gain its place in future.

Analysis and Ranking of Critical Supply Chain Risk Factors in Small & Medium Scale Industries Using QFD

The small scale sector is a symptom of India’s socio-economic development model and has met with the country’s long term expectations in terms of contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial base, employment and exports. This sector forms a major part of Indian industrial base. Small and Medium scale industries contribute about 10% of total GDP. The Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMSI) are supported by the government and financial institutions like Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation (TIIC), State Bank of India (SBI) etc., in terms of technical and financial assistance. Even then Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) are lagging in infrastructure, skilled labour. In order to analyse the various risk factors in SMSI, the survey was conducted in 20 small and medium scale industries who are supplying their product to many Tier 1 companies and leading automobile companies of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) in India. This paper brings out most critical supply chain risk factors exist in every business processes inside and outside the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used to prioritize supply chain risk factors and also the SMSI owners and managers are advised to focus from the highest ranking critical factors to improve their technical and financial performance.

STUDY ON SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN TAMILNADU

The small and medium scale industries(SMI) have immense growth in the recent years due to the social and economical development of the country, but the safety aspects followed in the SMI are very poor, and it becomes highly risky to the employees life, so safety aspects in SMI requires huge amount of improvement. In this thesis we propose a behavior of small and medium scale industry for safety management approach and analysis of its characteristics in Tamilnadu and also suggesting modern safety Equipments to reduce the accident rate and incident rate of SMI, highlighting the safety awareness in SMI from the management level to the employee in order to improve the safety management in SMI's.

Human Capital Attainment and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Industries in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the small and medium scale industries (SMIs) comprise more than 90 percent of the total establishments in the manufacturing sector. One of the pertinent issues related to industrial development in Malaysia is less competitiveness among the SMIs as compared to the large-scale industries (LSIs). This subsequently leads to lower contribution of the SMIs to the value added of the manufacturing sector. Competitiveness is closely re-lated to human capital possession like education, training and experience among workers in an organization. This paper attempts to examine the impact of human capital variables on SMIs’ output or value added and labor productivity. The analyses will be based on the data of 138 SMIs collected in 1997 through a field survey. The data covers six major industries in SMIs, namely, food and beverage, wood-based, rubber-based, plastic-based, metal-based and electrical electronic. In this survey workers were grouped into various levels of educa-tion to cover the non-schooling, primary, secondary and tertiary education. They were also categorized into five groups to represent professional, technical, administrative and manage-rial, supervisory and production workers. To achieve the objective of this paper, a Cobb-Douglas production function is estimated by incorporating human capital variables as inde-pendent variables in the output, value added and productivity functions. The study shows that year of schooling amongst workers, workers training and job categories have a significant positive relationship with SMIs’ output and value added growth. Capital-labor ratio and tertiary education have a positive impact on the labor productivity growth. Keywords: small and medium scale industry, human capital, labor productivity

Policy options to promote energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in small- and medium-scale industries

The rapid industrialization of Asian developing countries has pushed the need for more energy at the cost of environmental degradation. Though large industries are targeted for energy conservation and pollution prevention, small and medium scale industries (SMI) also contribute to significant pollution. This paper discusses the role of SMI in the economy, its energy consumption and impact on the environment. An overview of the energy and environment policies of China, India, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Vietnam, and the role of energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies (E 3ST) as a viable means to meet these modern challenges in SMI is discussed. The barriers faced in adopting these technologies have been identified and an analysis has been done of the various strategies and policy options available to governments to promote E 3ST in SMI. Examples and illustrations of such successful efforts have also been highlighted.

Building an innovation-based economy: The Malaysian technology business incubator experience

The first part of the paper provides an insight into business incubation systems in Malaysia, which is becoming an increasingly innovative approach to improving the entrepreneurial base. The overview of the small and medium-scale industries (SMIs), the various government policies for the development of SMIs which play a vital role in the overall economic development, and the role of SIRIM Berhad's SMI development programmes to boost the economic potential of the SMIs are also worth mentioning. The paper further relates SIRIM Berhad's experience in using the business incubation system as an innovative tool in facilitating technology transfer and commercialisation, the distinct features of the incubator initiatives and the continuing efforts towards providing a more integrated incubator system. This includes the pulling together of various resources and expertise from all sectors to create a repository of knowledge to promote and accelerate the growth of new start-up technology and innovation-based companies.

Networking to promote energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in small and medium scale industries

In Asia, small and medium scale industries (SMI) account for over 85% of the total number of manufacturing establishments, and contribute considerably to economic growth. They generally employ old and inefficient technologies, consuming high energy and generate pollution. They also lack information on Energy Efficient and Environmentally Sound Technologies (E3ST). Though many institutional bodies promote E3ST in SMIs, there appears to be a lack of coordination and interaction among them. Thus, there is a need to mobilise these institutions to enhance their competence to promote E3ST. Regional and national networks can facilitate such capacity mobilisation, which can help sharing of knowledge, expertise and information related to efficient energy use and reduction in pollution. This could also be useful to other countries. The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) is coordinating a study to promote E3ST in China, India, The Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam, in five SMI sectors (brick/ceramics, desiccated coconut, foundry, tea, and textile industries). This is currently being carried out under a Regional Research Program coordinated by the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). A network of research institutions, industrial associations, government and non-governmental organisations conduct research on energy- and pollution-related issues, and promote E3ST in the selected SMI sectors. This paper presents with examples, aspects of networking, promotion of E3ST, and how regional and national networks could promote E3ST in the SMI sector. Illustrations of how networks help in creating awareness, provide capacity enhancement and efficient resource utilisation are also presented.

Energy use and carbon dioxide emission of Indonesian small and medium scale industries

In Asia, small and medium scale industries (SMIs) form a significant number of establishments contributing to economic growth, stimulating indigenous entrepreneurship, leading to overall development and serving as a training center for developing skills of industrial workers and entrepreneurs. Because of the nature of these enterprises with their inefficient use of energy and other resources, they contribute to local pollution and other environmental problems. Studies on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from these industries are few, especially in developing countries. This article presents an estimation of CO 2 emission due to energy (fuel and electricity) consumption in seven SMI sectors in Indonesia. The specific energy consumption and the energy intensity (energy use per value addition) of these sectors have been estimated. Results of the energy use survey and detailed energy audits show that the highest specific fuel consumption is found in the textile industry, followed by the fabricated metal and chemical industries, while the highest specific electricity consumption is found in the fabricated metal industry, followed by the textile and chemical industries. The highest energy intensity among small industry sectors is found in the food and beverages sector. CO 2 emission from the SMI sectors of Indonesia was estimated based on Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change methodology by considering the emission from each audited factory and from the aggregated energy consumption data of the SMI sectors. The textile and fabricated metal industry contribute the highest specific CO 2 emission. The analysis shows that the contribution of liquid fuels to CO 2 emission is very significant in the SMI sector. The overall contribution by the small industrial sector is about 366,000 tons in 1993 compared to about 46 million tons generated by all industrial sectors.

EXPLORING PROBABLE FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF BUMIPUTERA ENTREPRENEURS

The roles of small and medium‐scale industries (SMIs) are well‐documented (see Ragayah Haji Mat Zin, 1996). SMIs not only continue to be the majority of enterprises everywhere and exist side‐by‐side with large industries in developed countries such as Japan, Germany, Italy and the United States of America, they are also regarded as the engine of growth in the Newly Industrializing Economies (NEEs). In the developed countries, SMIs are said to be able to generate more employment relative to large firms as well as plying a complementary role to the latter. In Japan, for example, of the 430,393 enterprises in the Japanese manufacturing sector at the end of 1991, 99.1%, or 436,455, were small businesses, which also accounted for 72.1% of the employees and 51.8% of the value of shipment in this sector (JFS, 1993). They are seen to play a wider role in developing countries. In addition to the above, many studies (see for example Chee, 1985, 1990; Levy, 1993; and Rahmah Ismail, 1995) have shown that SMI entrepreneurs can mobilize savings, SMIs can act as seedling beds for entrepreneurial training, as well as improve income distribution.