In this paper, the adsorption pattern of cement particles to different surfactants was investigated by Zeta potential method, and the adsorption amounts of cement particles on different surfactants were analyzed by Fourier Infrared Spectrometer. Additionally, the expansion ratio, compressive strength, stacking capabilities, and capacity to avert coal spontaneous combustion of inorganic curing foam (ICF) manufactured by various surfactants were tested to analyze the effects of various adsorption behaviors on the performance of ICF. The findings demonstrated that different surfactants affected cement particle Zeta potential in various ways, which was connected to the mode of adsorption of cement particles to various surfactants. After the addition of surfactant, alterations in the zeta potential of the cement particles led to changes in the zero-shear viscosity of the fresh cement slurry. Furthermore, compared to zwitterionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactant molecules, anionic surfactant molecules were absorbed by cement particles in the greatest amounts. The peak areas of CH2/CH3 of the two anionic surfactants in the IR spectra were 19.5 L/g and 9.82 L/g, respectively, while the peak areas of CH2/CH3 of the other surfactants were below 4 L/g. According to the study on the characteristics of ICF, ICF made using a surfactant that had a lot of adsorption had higher compressive strength, a lower expansion ratio, and worse stacking characteristics. The ICF made with various surfactants all had a cooling effect on the coal fire, and after covering the coal, the temperature of the coal was quickly lowered from 300℃ to 100℃. Meanwhile, the surface temperature of ICF prepared with different surfactants was recorded when extinguishing coal fire, and it was found that the thermal insulation property of ICF was better due to the higher expansion ratio of ICF. The purpose of the study in this paper is to provide a new process for the preparation of ICF to prevent coal spontaneous combustion in a goaf and a theoretical guide for the screening of ICF-blowing agents.