Slovenian Research Research Articles

First Report of Ranunculus White Mottle Ophiovirus in Slovenia in Pepper with Yellow Leaf Curling Symptom and in Tomato.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants showing virus-like disease symptoms were collected in 2017, 2019, and 2020, in different parts of Slovenia (Supplementary Figure 1). Total RNA was extracted from leaf tissue of individual samples using RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen) and pooled in four composite samples as follows: 2 pepper plants from 2017 (D2017), 5 pepper and 4 tomato plants from 2019 (D2019_P1), 7 tomato plants (D2020_P1), and 2 pepper and 4 tomato plants (D2020_P3) from 2020. The pooled RNA samples were sequenced using Illumina platforms, details of the sequencing experiments are in Supplementary Table 1. Reads were analyzed using CLC Genomics Workbench (v. 20.0, Qiagen) following the pipelines for plant virus discovery (Pecman et al., 2017). Reads and contigs mapping to Ranunculus white mottle ophiovirus (RWMV, GenBank accession no. AY542957 or NC_043389) were detected in all pools. The longest contig (1,255 bp) was obtained from the 2019 composite sample, mapping to the coat protein-coding RNA 3 segment of the RWMV genome (accession no. AY542957). Details of mapping, genome coverage, and other viruses detected in the pools are summarized in the Supplementary Table 1. To identify individual RWMV-infected plants from the pools, primers were designed for detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the coat protein gene (see Supplementary Table 2). Two pepper samples from two different farms, collected in 2017 and 2019 in southwest Slovenia, and four tomato samples from two different farms, collected in 2020 in central Slovenia tested positive for RWMV in RT-PCR assays. To assess the diversity of RWMV isolates, amplicons were purified using QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen) and sent for Sanger sequencing. Based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, RWMV Italian and Slovenian isolates form a monophyletic clade within the genus (see Supplementary Figure 2). Pairwise nucleotide identities of the Slovenian isolates (accession no. MZ507604-MZ507609), relative to the original Italian isolate coat protein (accession no. AY542957) range from 92-97%, indicating a moderate level of diversity among isolates (see Supplementary Figure 2). Since only RWMV, bell pepper alphaendornavirus (BPEV), and pepper cryptic virus 2 (PepCV2), were present in a pepper sample from 2017, and BPEV and PepCV2 infection in pepper are not known to be associated with any of the disease symptoms (Okada et al., 2011; Saritha et al., 2016), the symptoms observed on this plant might be associated with RWMV infection. We observed mottling with interveinal chlorosis or yellowing, slight to full curling of leaves from lamina inward, as well as necrotic and aborted flowers on this plant (see Supplementary Figure 1). We cannot easily associate observed symptoms with RWMV in RWMV-positive tomatoes, since several viruses were detected in the pools containing these samples. Nevertheless, the prominent symptoms in tomato were mottling with interveinal chlorosis and leaf curling, similar to those observed in pepper. RWMV was discovered and characterized in buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus), and detected in anemone (Anemone coronaria), from Italy (Vaira et al., 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003). It was recently detected in pepper from Australia showing veinal yellowing (Gambley et al., 2019). Here, we detected RWMV for the first time in Slovenia, and reported its first detection in tomato and pepper from Europe. These findings call for further studies on the effects of RWMV infection on tomato and pepper production, and its monitoring in neighboring European countries. Acknowledgment This study received funding from the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection, Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) core financing (P4-0165), and the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Innovative Training Network (H2020 MSCA-ITN) project "INEXTVIR" (GA 813542), under the management of the European Commission-Research Executive Agency. References Gambley, C., et al. 2019. New Dis. Rep. 40:13. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2019.040.013. Okada, R., et al. 2011. J. Gen. Virol. 92:2664-2673. doi:10.1099/vir.0.034686-0. Pecman, A., et al. 2017. Front. Microbiol. 8:1-10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01998. Saritha, R. K., et al. 2016. VirusDisease 27:327-328. doi:10.1007/s13337-016-0327-7. Vaira, A. M., et al. 2003. Arch. Virol. 148:1037-1050. doi:10.1007/s00705-003-0016-x. Vaira, A. M., et al. 1996. Acta Hortic., 432:36-43. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1996.432.3. Vaira, A. M., et al. 1997. Arch. Virol. 142:2131-2146. doi:10.1007/s007050050231. Vaira, A. M., et al. 2000. Plant Dis. 84:1046-1046. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.9.1046B.

Complete Genome Sequence Resource for Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa MAI5034, a Wheat Pathogen from Uruguay.

Complete Genome Sequence Resource for Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa MAI5034, a Wheat Pathogen from Uruguay.

Coronavirus-related stress, anxiety, and obsessive thinking in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation during the COVID19 pandemic

Funding AcknowledgementsType of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency and Ministry of Health of the Republic of SloveniaBackgroundThe coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic has disrupted the provision of health care, including cardiac rehabilitation. Reduced healthcare provision has been associated with reduced accessibility, wheares patients’ perspectives – such as COVID19-related anxiety, stress and obsessive thinking – have been less thouroghly addressed.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of COVID19-related anxiety, stress and obsessive thinking in consecutive patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction at two centres — a general hospital catering a predominantly rural area and a university hospital in an urban area. From April to October 2021 we captured patients’ clinical and socio-economic characteristics, and resposes to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as well as to three dedicated COVID19-related questionnaires – the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale and a customized COVID-19 Stress Scale.ResultsWe included 109 patients (mean age 59±10 years, 20% women). Fifteen (13.8%) and eleven (11%) patients reached a HADS treshold for depression and anxiety, respectively. Pateints expressed most concenrs regarding the safety of COVID19 vaccinces (60.6%) on the COVID19 Stress Scale, sleeping disturbances (14.8%) on the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and fear of interacting with infected people (30.3%) on the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale. No significant differences were observed between respondents from the general and the university hospital. HADS score and social status—but not age, sex and clinical characteristics—were associated with scores on the COVID-19-specific questionnaires; HADS-anxiety domain score remained an independent predictor of COVID19-related stress (p=0.009), obsessive thinking (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.009) after multivariate adjustment.ConclusionsPatients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation expressed relatively low levels of COVID19-related stress and anxiety. Higher levels of COVID19-related stress, anxiety, and obsessive thinking were observed in patients with higher levels of anxiety, but not in association with demographic or clinical characteristics.

The efficacy of high-load resistance training in combination with aerobic training in patients with coronary artery disease: a dose-dependent randomised, controlled clinical trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency Background The combination of resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT) was shown to be superior compared to AT, although most studies applied only low-loads (LL) to moderate-loads in RT. Therefore, it remains to be elucidated whether high-load (HL) RT elicits greater improvement in maximal aerobic capacity and maximal muscle strength compared to low-load (LL) RT in combination to AT in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Purpose The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of HL-RT and LL-RT combined with AT in comparison to AT on maximal aerobic capacity, muscle strength and health-related quality of life. Methods We randomised 79 patients with CAD to HL-RT+AT (70 %-80% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]), LL-RT+AT (35%-40% of 1-RM) or AT group and 59 patients with mean (SD) age 61 (8) years and left ventricular ejection fraction 53 (9) % completed 12 weeks (36 training sessions) of the study. After the initial ambulatory screening by cardiologist and cardiopulmonary exercise test, patients were familiarised with proper lifting and breathing technique, and performed 1-RM test on leg press machine. During the training, the RT load progressively increased from 70% of 1-RM (6–11 repetitions per set) to 80% of 1-RM (6–8 reps per set) in HL-RT group and from 35% of 1-RM (12–22 reps per set) to 40% of 1-RM (12–16 reps per set) in LL-RT group in the first seven weeks of the intervention. Following re-evaluation of 1-RM, the training load in HL-RT group was progressed from 70% 1-RM (11 reps per set) to 80% 1-RM (6–8 reps per set), and the load in LL-RT group was progressed from 35% 1-RM (22 reps per set) to 40% 1-RM (12–16 reps per set). All patients performed AT consisted of 3-5 min of work-load interval cycling separated by 2 min of unloaded cycling progressing from 50% to 80% maximal workload achieved at baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test. We measured maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and quality of life at baseline and post-training. Results Exercise training was safe and associated with improvement in VO2 max (p &amp;lt; 0.01) in all training groups, whereas only LL-RT and HL-RT group improved MVC (both p &amp;lt; 0.001). Following training, VO2 max increased more in HL-RT group compared to AT group (+18 %, p = 0.032), and MVC increased more in HL-RT group compared to LL-RT group (+7 %, p = 0.018) and AT group (+16 %, p &amp;lt; 0.001). HL-RT group improved mental functioning component of short form 12-item quality of life questionnaire (+6 points, p = 0.003), with no significant difference compared to other training modalities. Conclusions RT on top of routine CR management, is safe and efficacious training modality for patients with CAD enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation.

Sedentary behaviour and physical activity following multimodal exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency Background Despite high levels of sedentary behaviour (SB) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), there is still limited evidence on the efficacy of multimodal exercise interventions combined with physical activity (PA) counselling on SB and PA in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Such combined modalities in CR may provide additional benefits for PA and SB, although this remains to be investigated. Purpose The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of multimodal exercise training combined with brief PA counselling on PA and SB according to sedentary status of patients with CAD. Methods We randomised 79 patients with CAD to low-load (LL) resistance training (RT) + aerobic training (AT) (30%-40% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]), high load RT+AT (70%-80% of 1-RM) and AT alone. The study was completed by 57 patients, with [mean (SD)] age = 61 (8) years, height = 171.8 (8.5) cm, weight = 85.12 (15.59) kg and left ventricular ejection fraction = 53 % (45,60) [median (first, third quartile)]. During the study, each patient received an hour of PA counselling and written PA brochure. Step count, daily SB, light intensity PA (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were measured at baseline and post-training using triaxial accelerometer. Following baseline measurement, we stratified patients to quartiles based on their levels of SB: most sedentary, sedentary, less sedentary, least sedentary. Results Upon enrolment to CR patients have surpassed daily PA recommendation (+21 min, p &amp;lt; 0.001). All measures of PA and SB remained unchanged following training intervention (all p &amp;gt; 0.388). Patients classified as the most sedentary have decreased SB (-52 min/day, p = 0.001) and increased LIPA (+27 min/day, p = 0.009), while the least sedentary patients increased SB (+69 min/day, p = 0.006) and decreased LIPA (-25 min/day, p = 0.038) following the intervention. The improvement in PA was greater in the most sedentary patients (SB: +27%, p = 0.002; LIPA: +24%, p = 0.004) and in sedentary patients (SB: +24%, p = 0.009) compared to the least sedentary patients. After the training intervention, LIPA was improved more in less sedentary patients compared to the least sedentary patients (+19 %, p = 0.031). Two-way analysis of variance has demonstrated non-significant effect of time x training modality interaction on all PA and SB variables (p = 0.285-0.819). Conclusions The addition of RT and brief PA counselling to standard CR showed limited effects on post-training improvement in SB and MVPA. Individually tailored PA behavioural counselling based on patients’ sedentary status along with regular PA monitoring during CR should be implemented to enhance the effects of combined RT and AT in patients with CAD.

Resistance training during cardiac rehabilitation improves physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency Background Resistance training (RT) is an adjunct exercise therapy to aerobic training (AT) in cardiac rehabilitation, but it remains unknown whether the dose-dependent relationship between RT load (high load [HL] vs. low load [LL]) and improvement in anthropometry, body composition and physical performance exists in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Purpose The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of HL-RT and LL-RT on top of AT in comparison to AT on anthropometry, body composition and physical performance in patients with CAD. Methods A total of 79 patients with a stable CAD were randomised to HL-RT+AT (n = 21), LL-RT+AT (n = 19) or AT (n = 19) and performed 36 training sessions. Fifty-nine patients with mean (SD) age 61 (8) years and left ventricular ejection fraction 53 (9) % completed the study. AT progressed from 50 % to 80% of peak power output achieved at baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test, and RT progressed from 70% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) to 80% of 1-RM in HL-RT group, and from 35% of 1-RM to 40% of 1-RM in LL-RT group. We measured anthropometry (body mass, waist and hip circumference, and waist to hip circumference ratio), body composition (lean body mass and %, body fat mass and %, and phase angle) and physical performance evaluating upper muscle strength (arm curl and hand grip test) and lower muscle strength (five sit-to stand test, up-and-go test, heel raise test), mobility (gait speed test), flexibility (back scratch test, sit-and-reach test), balance (stork balance test) and submaximal endurance (6 min walk test distance) at baseline and post-training. Results Waist circumference and waist-to-hip circumference ratio decreased significantly following LL-RT (both p &amp;lt; 0.01), without post-training differences between training interventions in other anthropometry measures and body composition measures (all p &amp;gt; 0.079). HL-RT and LL-RT induced improvements in all physical performance measures, while AT alone did not improve gait speed, upper limb flexibility and performance of up-and-go test. HL-RT was associated with greater improvement in gait speed (+12 %, p =0.044), arm curl test (+13 %, p = 0.037) and time of Up-and-go test (+9 %, p &amp;lt;0.001) compared to AT group, while LL-RT improved more time of Up-and-Go test (+18 %, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and time of five sit-to-stands (+14 %, p = 0.016) compared to AT. There was no difference between HL-RT and LL-RT in post-training change of physical performance measures. Conclusions The addition of RT to AT is associated with greater improvements in submaximal muscle strength and mobility compared to AT and should be encouraged in future multimodal exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Mental health needs assessment in the time of covid-19 pandemic: the Delphi study based consensus

BackgroundsThe COVID-19 pandemic affected mental health of population around the world. To be able to address mental health field effectively evidence based solutions through needs assessment with inclusion of all stakeholders - politicians, service providers, users and caregivers is needed.MethodsThe first group of priority activities was listed within two professional groups. Additional 129 participants of all stakeholder groups were invited to participate in the Delphi study consequently. After the first round activities were meaningfully formed into set of activities. In the second round, participants rated the importance on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 means very important activity).ResultsAmong the participants in the Delphi study (response rate 37.9%), half of them were professionals and the other half equally distributed among policy- or decision-makers and services' users or carers. The average score of activities was 4.3 (important) with high consensus level (84.3%). The study provided a list of important activities including COVID 19 pandemic in Slovenia recognised in the system and service levels. These are single entry point, establishment of appropriate and accessible psychological assistance to most exposed individuals and to infected ones, continuously implemented destigmatization campaigns, regular consultations among professionals in health, social and educational services also for needs assessment, strengthened services addressing domestic violence, strengthen advocacy and representation services for people with mental health disorders and others.ConclusionsThe Delphi study provided consensus based list of activities at the system and service levels, important in the time of COVID-19 epidemics that are in line with international standards. These measures are also in line with several already launched preventive measures in Slovenia that were established also regarding detected needs.Work was supported by Slovenian Research Agency, project No.: Z3-2652.Key messages Delphi study achieved civil society’s influence and co-design of emergency activities.According to recognized needs establishment of additional services is needed, especially for vulnerable groups.

Graphene Derivatives As Carbon Support Material in Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

The increasing global demand for energy and the associated rise in CO2 emissions due to the use of fossil fuels require the development and use of renewable energy sources. In this context, fuel cells are identified as one of the key technologies for clean energy production. Nevertheless, there are three critical technical barriers for fuel cells that limit their commercialization: performance (activity), durability (stability) and cost. Alkaline fuel cells, particularly alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs), have attracted much attention in recent decades because ethanol fuel is easy to handle, store, and transport, has low cost, and is environmentally friendly.ADEFCs are limited by their slow kinetics, especially the electrochemical reaction at the anode. Currently, no catalyst is available that cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of ethanol, resulting in a CO2 efficiency of 100% (C1 pathway). The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media is incomplete and predominantly follows the C2 pathway. Ethanol is oxidized by hydroxide ions to acetate as the main oxidation product and 4e- instead of 12e-, CO2 and water are released during the complete oxidation. During EOR, acetate is adsorbed on the catalyst surface as the active species. Nevertheless, various reaction intermediates deactivate the catalyst due to poisoning of the active sites, thus reducing the EOR performance. Palladium is currently the most suitable catalyst to replace platinum in ADEFCs. Palladium precursor salts are also cheaper than platinum salts and Pd/C catalysts show higher EOR activity (ethanol oxidation reaction) than Pt/C under alkaline conditions. This can be attributed to the higher oxophilic properties and the inherent ability of Pd to cleave C-C bonds. This positive effect also results in higher stability and lower susceptibility to poisoning of the active sites of the Pd catalyst during EOR. In addition, many non-precious metal co-catalysts are available for palladium, which further reduce the material cost while improving the catalytic activity, by-product tolerance and stability for alkaline EOR [1,2].The development of new anode catalysts with high activity and stability towards alkaline EOR is essential to improve the performance of direct ethanol fuel cell. Carbon materials, especially N-doped or reduced graphene oxides (rGO), are a promising catalyst support due to their low cost, high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and reasonable stability [3]. The deposition of the metal nanoparticles on the graphene oxide support generates a higher active surface area of the catalysts, which increases the electrocatalytic activity while reducing the cost.In the current studies, palladium-based catalysts are synthesized with different graphene oxide (GO) support materials (N-doped GO and rGO) by the modified instant method. The prepared catalysts were characterized ex-situ by the thin film rotating disk electrode technique using a standard three-electrode setup. To determine the electrochemical active surface area and EOR activity, cyclic voltammetry and EOR measurements were recorded in N2 purged potassium hydroxide and alkaline ethanol solution (1 M), respectively. Chronoamperometry was performed to investigate the stability of the catalysts. The cyclic voltammograms (CV) of the two catalysts compared show minor differences in peak current density, onset potential and by-product tolerance for the alkaline EOR. Further details will be discussed in the poster presentation.The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 3871-N37 and by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) through the Research Funding Programme P1-0175 and Bilateral Research Funding Project N2-0087.[1] B.Cermenek, J.Ranninger, V.Hacker; In Ethanol: Science and Engineering, A.Basile, A.Iulianelli, F.Dalena, N.T.Veziroglu, Eds.; Elsevier Inc.: Amsterdam, 2019, 383-405.[2] B.Cermenek, J.Ranninger, B.Feketeföldi, I.Letofsky-Papst, N.Kienzl, B. Bitschnau, V. Hacker, Nano Research, 2019, 12 (3), 683-693.[3] M. Nosan, M. Löffler, I. Jerman, M. Kolar, I. Katsounaros, and B. Genorio, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021 Figure 1

INTRODUCTION THE FUTURE OF THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY

INTRODUCTION THE FUTURE OF THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY

The role of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein as a pH-dependent cation channel.

The role of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein as a pH-dependent cation channel.

346-P: Predicting True Time to Recovery from Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia with Dasiglucagon

The efficacy of dasiglucagon 0.6 mg has been investigated in multiple trials in individuals with T1DM. The primary endpoint was time to plasma glucose (PG) recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia, defined as first PG increase ≥20 mg/dL after treatment initiation without the need for IV glucose. Different PG sampling schemes were used in phase 2 (5-min intervals) versus phase 3 trials (more frequent sampling). Estimating the true but unmeasured time to recovery for each individual enables for a better comparison between trials when compared to use of observed time only. The true time was calculated using linear interpolation between the 2 time points before and after recovery occurred, assuming a linear PG increase in this limited time interval. The difference between the observed and the estimated true recovery for an individual is illustrated in the figure. The PG sample taken at 10 min is the first sample showing an increase of at least 20 mg/dL from the predose level, leading to an observed time to recovery of 10 min. Linear interpolation estimates the increase of 20 mg/dL to occur at 9 min for this individual. Using interpolated PG values, the median estimated true time to recovery for dasiglucagon was 8.7 min in the phase 2 trial and 9.0 to 9.3 min in phase 3 trials. These data provide further insight into the probable “true time to recovery” and confirm the consistent efficacy of dasiglucagon in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Disclosure T. Battelino: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; European Union, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Slovenian Research Agency, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. L. Dimeglio: Advisory Panel; Self; MannKind Corporation. T. Danne: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. A. L. Peters: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Medscape, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S, Other Relationship; Self; Livongo, Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. T. S. Bailey: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, LifeScan, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Abbott, Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo, Medtronic, Medtrum Technologies, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita, Viacyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; BD, Medtronic, Sanofi. R. Tehranchi: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. L. J. Klaff: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., REMD Biotherapeutics. T. Pieber: Advisory Panel; Self; ADOCIA, Arecor, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S. U. Hovelmann: None. L. Plum-moerschel: None. A. E. Melgaard: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. R. Aronson: None.

345-P: The Next Generation Glucagon Analog Dasiglucagon Consistently Achieves Rapid Recovery from Hypoglycemia across Subgroups

The efficacy of dasiglucagon 0.6 mg, a glucagon analog stable in aqueous formulation, has been established versus placebo in previously reported trials in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. An integrated analysis was conducted to investigate efficacy in demographic and other subgroups. To allow as many individuals as possible in the evaluation, the analysis comprised data from 4 trials in adults, including 2 pivotal trials, an additional phase 3 trial, and a phase 2 trial. The trials were conducted under similar conditions with respect to design characteristics, such as target population, background therapy and treatment duration. All trials included efficacy assessments following insulin-induced hypoglycemia and showed consistent efficacy results across trials. The primary endpoint was time to plasma glucose (PG) recovery, defined as first PG increase ≥ 20 mg/dL after treatment initiation without need for rescue intravenous glucose. A total of 220 participants were exposed to dasiglucagon 0.6 mg across trials. Results of the integrated analysis are shown as a Forest plot of median time to PG recovery for dasiglucagon, including 95% confidence intervals by subgroup.In conclusion, the results showed that the efficacy of dasiglucagon was highly consistent across subgroups, with a median time to recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia of 10 minutes in most groups.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureT. Battelino: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; European Union, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Slovenian Research Agency, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. L. Dimeglio: Advisory Panel; Self; MannKind Corporation. T. Danne: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. T. S. Bailey: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, LifeScan, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Abbott, Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo, Medtronic, Medtrum Technologies, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita, Viacyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; BD, Medtronic, Sanofi. R. Tehranchi: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. L. J. Klaff: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., REMD Biotherapeutics. T. Pieber: Advisory Panel; Self; ADOCIA, Arecor, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S. U. Hövelmann: None. L. Plum-moerschel: None. A. E. Melgaard: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. R. Aronson: None.

344-P: Integrated Safety Analysis of Dasiglucagon for Treatment of Severe Hypoglycemia

Dasiglucagon was developed to provide a fast and effective treatment for severe hypoglycemia (SH) in people with diabetes. An integrated cross-program analysis was performed to assess the safety of dasiglucagon in a representative population of T1DM. Three randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials (2 in adults and 1 in pediatric subjects) were included in the analysis (212 adults and 41 children/adolescents with T1DM). No severe or adverse events (AEs) leading to withdrawal were reported. Most AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Nausea and vomiting were the most-frequent AEs reported with active treatment both in adults and children. No differences in the frequency of nausea and vomiting were observed between adults receiving dasiglucagon versus glucagon. A higher percentage of adolescents experienced these events with dasiglucagon than with glucagon, while no treatment-related imbalance was observed in the 6- to 11-year-old age group. In the pediatric trial, no relationship between exposure (AUC0-5 hr or Cmax) to dasiglucagon, and nausea and vomiting was found. The majority of nausea and vomiting occurred within 1-3 hr and 2-3 hr of dosing, respectively. In conclusion, dasiglucagon 0.6 mg for treatment of SH was found to be generally safe, and the safety profile of dasiglucagon was consistent with that observed across the class of glucagon products. Disclosure S. R. Heller: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Zealand Pharma A/S, Consultant; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S, Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk. R. Aronson: None. L. Dimeglio: Advisory Panel; Self; MannKind Corporation. T. Danne: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. T. Battelino: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; European Union, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Slovenian Research Agency, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. T. S. Bailey: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, LifeScan, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Abbott, Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo, Medtronic, Medtrum Technologies, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita, Viacyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; BD, Medtronic, Sanofi. R. Tehranchi: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. L. J. Klaff: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., REMD Biotherapeutics. T. Pieber: Advisory Panel; Self; ADOCIA, Arecor, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S. U. Hovelmann: None. L. Plum-moerschel: None. A. E. Melgaard: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S.

Plasmonic Carbonaceous Nanotemplates for Microplastics Raman Detection

Plasmonic Carbonaceous Nanotemplates for Microplastics Raman Detection

Hemodynamic response to high and low load resistance exercise in patients with coronary artery disease: a crossover, randomised, clinical trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency Background Low loads resistance exercise (LL-RE) is advised as an adjunct therapy to aerobic exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), while the implementation of high loads (HL) RE in the early phase of CR is limited by the scarce body of evidence on the safety associated with hemodynamic response during the exercise. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate hemodynamic response during HL-RE and LL-RE in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) prior to enrollment in CR. Methods A total of 43 patients were enrolled into the study, age, mean (SD), 61 (10) years, height 172.3 (7.8) cm, weight 88.09 (16.66) kg and left ventricular ejection fraction 53 (10) %. After the initial ambulatory screening by cardiologist and cardiopulmonary exercise test, patients were familiarised with proper lifting and breathing technique, and performed one repetition maximum (1-RM) test on leg press machine during the first visit to CR. During the second and third visit to CR, hemodynamic response (measured as heart rate [HR], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and blood oxygen saturation) to LL-RE (3 sets, 16 repetitions per set at 40 % of 1-RM) and HL-RE (3 sets, 8 repetitions per set at 80 % of 1-RM) was measured in a crossover randomised manner. A lifting cadence of 1 s of concentric contraction and 1 s of eccentric contraction was used with 90 s of rest between sets, and 48-72 hours of rest between both RE sessions. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 0-10 Borgs` scale) was assessed at baseline and after each set of LL-RE and HL-RE. Results Both types of RE were shown to be safe, without any reported cardiovascular events. Forty-one patients completed LL and HL-RE, and two were excluded from the final analysis (one due to failure in measurement and one was unable to complete the last set of HL-RE). Compared to baseline, HR and SBP increased during LL-RE [+21 bpm, p &amp;lt; 0.001; +17 mm Hg, p &amp;lt; 0.001] and HL-RE [+18 bpm, p &amp;lt; 0.001; +16 mm Hg, p &amp;lt; 0.001]. Increase in HR compared to baseline was greater after the last set of LL-RE compared to HL-RE (32 % vs. 28 %, p = 0.015), without significant changes in SBP and DBP between RE. RPE increased during LL-RE and HL-RE (both p &amp;lt; 0.001), with higher rating after the 1st set of HL-RE compared to LL-RE (Median (interquartile range), 6 (5-7) vs. 6 (5-6), p = 0.009). Conclusions LL-RE and HL-RE were shown to be safe and well tolerable among patients with CAD. HL-RE induced similar hemodynamic response compared to LL-RE. Future trials should aim to compare the safety and efficacy of LL and HL resistance training in out-patient CR.

The efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation on exercise performance in men and women

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency Background Over the last years exercise training has gained IA class recommendation as a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite the strong evidence of higher mortality and rehospitalisation rates in women compared with men with CAD, women are less frequently enrolled in CR programs and show lower exercise adherence. However, when enrolled women showed similar improvement as men, but this remains to be further elucidated. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in improvement of exercise performance in patients with CAD following CR programme. Methods A total of 91 patients with CAD (74 men and 17 women, mean (SD), aged 59 (11) years and 60 (10) years, p &amp;gt; 0.05; median (interquartile range), height 177 (173, 181) cm and 159 (158, 167) cm, p &amp;lt; 0.001; weight 92.1 (82.4, 98.6) kg and 72.3 (69.1, 79.6) kg, p = 0.001, respectively) participated in out-patient CR. Each patient completed 36 exercise sessions comprised of general warm up with calisthenics, followed by 5 aerobic intervals of cycling on stationary bikes (5 minutes of loaded cycling at the intensity of 50 %-70% of peak power separated by 2 minutes intervals of unloading cycling) and finished with stretching and breathing exercises. Training load and target training heart rate were increased every two weeks. The exercise test was performed at baseline and after CR. Results At baseline, there was a significant difference between men and women in peak power (P max) (men 122 (25) W vs. women 74 (19) W, p &amp;lt; 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max; men 19.45 (3.60) ml/kg/min vs. women 16.00 (3.35) ml/kg/min, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and exercise test time (men 658 (150) s vs. women 363 (115) s, p &amp;lt; 0.001). During the training both genders increased training intensity (men: +34 (12) W and women: +25 (9) W, both p &amp;lt; 0.001) and target heart rate (men: +10 (5, 19) bpm and women: +10 (5, 20) bpm, both p &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas training intensity was increased more in men than women (+9 W, p = 0.003). Exercise training led to improvement in P max (men: +15 (20) W, p &amp;lt; 0.001, women: +14 (12) W, p &amp;lt; 0.001), VO2 max (men: +1.87 (2.52) ml/kg/min, p &amp;lt; 0.001, women: +2.47 (2.05) ml/kg/min, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and exercise test time (men: +99 (134) s, p &amp;lt; 0.001, women +95 (90) s, p &amp;lt; 0.001). In addition, after adjusting for baseline values there were no sex differences in post training P max, VO2 max and exercise test time. Conclusions CR improved the exercise performance similarly in men and women, thus, more women should be encouraged to enrol into CR programmes. Still, larger and adequately powered randomised studies are warranted to further elucidate this issue.

Improving Female Researchers’ Careers through Gender Equality Plan actions: Experiences from a Slovenian Research Institution

This article draws on experiences in implementing the Gender Equality Plan adopted at the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in early 2019. It discusses the careers of female researchers, their prospects for career advancement, and how their excellence is construed, negotiated, and promoted in the Slovenian academic sphere. The article proposes a contextualised understanding of female academic careers and excellence. This understanding is sensitive to the structural variables that define researchers’ academic prospects, as these prospects result from the intersection of various personal and structural factors. It argues that in order to plan appropriate strategies for improving career prospects for female researchers in a Gender Equality Plan, it is necessary not only to consider the national context, the legislation and demographic and other “objective data”, but also to take seriously the institutional culture and the fact that individual researchers are affected by neoliberal academia in different ways that depend on their structural position within the institution.

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease.

Nerve Fascicle Depiction at MR Microscopy and High-Frequency US with Anatomic Verification.

In correlation to histologic cross-sections, nerve microanatomy depiction is possible with high-frequency US; however, MR microscopy is superior to high-frequency US as even finer anatomic details ...