Rectangular-shaped Slot Research Articles

Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance Optimization by Variation in Position of Rectangular Shape Slot

Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance Optimization by Variation in Position of Rectangular Shape Slot

Wideband MIMO configuration with mutual coupling reduction and better isolation using the combination of electric field LC resonator and Swastik resembled structure

This work explains the design and development of a small, wide-ranging antenna for millimeter wave (mm-Wave) and 5G technology and their applications, along with the configuration to set up as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate material, which has a height of 1.575 mm, is used for fabricating the antenna. It possesses a compact overall size of 36 × 36 mm2. The design process began with the creation of a octagonal conventional mm-wave microstrip antenna. Subsequently, the impedance bandwidth was enhanced by incorporating the slots of rectangular shape on either parallel edges to the patch feed enabling it to perform over a larger bandwidth ranging between 25 GHz to 32 GHz. Moreover, a new metasurface and a structure shaped like a swastika are positioned between the 2 × 2 arrangement to minimize mutual coupling. The suggested MIMO antenna provides a wide frequency range, significant gain, minimal interference between antennas, and a low correlation between signal envelopes while also achieving a high level of diversity gain. Furthermore, the proposed study has been compared to similar works to demonstrate the significance of the proposed research.

A Christmas Tree-Shaped Quadband Compact Antenna with Triple Slots for Various Wireless Technologies

A compact, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed multiband antenna is developed and analyzed in this paper for quad-band applications. Christmas tree-like monopole antennae with three symmetric slots are designed on a low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate with the overall dimensions of 0.312λ 1 × 0.364λ 1 × 0.0083λ 1 where λ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the lower cut-off frequency. Three rectangular-shaped slots of different dimensions are etched on the three triangular-shaped stacked patches to enhance the current carrying path due to which the proposed antenna resonates at the required frequency bands. Different antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient (S 11), gain, radiation efficiency, surface current, radiation pattern, group delay and magnitude response of transfer function (S 21) are analyzed for inspecting the antenna performance. The quad-band antenna offers measured bandwidths of 3.1–3.9 GHz (22.86%), 5.46–5.98 GHz (9.1%) 9.76–11.74 GHz (18.42%) and 17.55–19.25 GHz (9.24%). The antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns in all resonating bands with the highest gain of 4.5 dBi and measured radiation efficiency greater than 70% in all the bands. The antenna also offers stable group delay response and linear S 21 response in its operational spectrums. All these characteristics ensure the antenna’s applicability in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX band, 5.5 GHz Wi-Fi band, 5.8 GHz ISM band, terrestrial broadband, radiolocation and earth explorer satellite applications.

Novel Compact and Wideband Tuning Fork Shaped DRA

In this paper, a novel compact and wideband tuning fork shaped DRA is presented. The augmented design resonates at 1.75 and 2.24 GHz and results in wide impedance bandwidth of 95% at 2.8 GHz. The effective dielectric constant is altered using three rectangular-shaped slots which leads to wide impedance bandwidth and the edge grounding technique is used to make geometry compact. The fundamental mode TE111x is preserved in the modified geometry. Further, the surface area to volume ratio is enhanced by 0.51 which leads to improvement in bandwidth. The proposed design achieves a gain of more than 5.5 dBi and greater than 90% of radiation efficiency for the complete bandwidth of operation, making it useful for WLAN (2.4/3.6 GHz), WiMAX (2.3/2.5/3.4 GHz), most L-band and entire S-band applications.

60-GHz Wideband L-Probe Circular Slotted E-Shaped Patch Antenna Array

In this study, a 60-GHz wideband L-probe circular slotted E-shaped patch antenna array was presented. The novelty of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) An E-shaped patch was added to the L-probe to further expand the bandwidth of the existing L-probe patch. 2) The E-shaped slot was modified to a circular slot to improve the overall performance, including the radiation pattern, S₁₁, and cross-polarization of the original E-shaped patch antenna element. When compared to the original L-probe patch, the bandwidth was improved from 9.4% to 24.8% for the proposed antenna element. Furthermore, when compared with the triangular-shaped and rectangular-shaped slots, the cross-polarization level is improved by 3.5 dB and 2.5 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna was designed as a 2x2 array structure, and the size of the antenna array corresponded to 6.4 mm×6.4 mm×0.375 mm. The measured results of the proposed antenna array revealed 11.42 dBi peak gain, 25.8% fractional 3-dB gain bandwidth, and 44.7% -8 dB S₁₁ bandwidth.

A low-profile circularly polarized microstrip antenna using elliptical electromagnetic band gap structure

Abstract This study investigates a low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna using coplanar waveguide feeding. Rectangular-shaped slots and an inverted L-shaped slit are entrenched into the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Furthermore, the antenna is implemented with six elliptical electromagnetic band gap structures on its substrate to enhance the −10 dB return loss bandwidth and also to generate CP waves. The experimental and theoretical results closely match each other and indicate that a simple and compact design antenna with dimensions of 0.317λ0 × 0.317λ0 × 0.023λ0(λ0 is the operating wavelength at 4.74 GHz in free space) achieves 36.9% (3.91–5.68 GHz) of the −10 dB return loss bandwidth and 9.98% (4.09–4.52 GHz) of the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, thus making it a favorable entrant for radio altimeter and wireless avionics infra-communication systems.

DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA WITH NOTCHED BANDS TO REJECTING UNWANTED BANDWIDTH

Design of Ultra-Wideband ring patch antenna with a band notch is presented in this study. The elliptical antenna is modified to Ultra-wideband at a range (3.1-10.6) GHz using a Microstrip patch antenna with the feedline impedance 50 ohm and rectangular each side of the elliptical patch has a slot. The dimensions optimized by the sweep parameter for the proposed antenna are (40 x 40 x 1.6) mm3 to provide a band notch and remove the (3.1–3.7 GHz) WiMAX band and (7.1 GHz) X-band, a rectangular-shaped slot etched on the patch is used. Inserting slots changing the current distribution is used in the patch to control the band notches. The results demonstrate that the suggested X-band and WiMAX designs are removed, with a 5.35dB peak gain and an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and suited for UWB.

S-Shaped Metasurface-Based Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for C-Band Applications

This research proposed an S-shaped metasurface (MTS)-based wideband circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna for C-band uplink frequency spectrum. The proposed MTS-based CP patch antenna was of low profile and fabricated on three substrate layers: upper, middle, and lower. The upper substrate contained 4 × 4 periodic S-shaped MTS elements, the middle substrate functioned as ground plane with a rectangular-shaped slot at the center, and the lower substrate contained a coplanar waveguide with microstrip and ground. The S-shaped MTS elements converted linearly polarized (LP) into CP wave. Simulations were performed, and an antenna prototype was fabricated and experiments carried out. The measured impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) at the center frequency of 5.9 GHz were 43.22% (4.05 - 6.6 GHz) and 22% (5.3 - 6.6 GHz), respectively, rendering the proposed antenna suitable for satellite communication applications. The proposed antenna achieved the maximum gain of 6.16 dBic at 5.6 GHz. The novelty of this research lies in the use of S-shaped MTS elements to efficiently convert LP into CP wave and achieve wider ARBW for the C-band uplink spectrum.

Triple Band Antenna For WLAN/WiMAX Applications

This paper presents a compact triple band antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) application. The proposed antenna has a rectangular patch with rectangular ring slot and a small rectangular shape slot in a partial ground plane. The dimensions of the patch, the ground and the two slots are optimized to obtain resonance at 1.6 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.2GHz frequencies

Designs of rectangular-shaped planar Inverted-F antennas at mobile operating frequencies with different ground plane techniques

This article presents the designs of planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) at frequencies of 0.835 GHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2 GHz, and 2.6 GHz. Initially, the designs of rectangular-shaped PIFAs are determined through the parametric studies concerning the dimensions of the antenna’s patch length, shorting plate, ground plane, and substrate. Afterward, rectangular-shaped slots are introduced into radiating element of two antennas that operate at a lower frequency range of less than 1 GHz, to tune the resonant frequency to the respective 0.835 GHz and 0.9 GHz. Different configurations of partial or full ground plane are implemented to improve the reflection coefficient, <em>S</em><sub>11</sub> performance to be below -10 dB in both simulation and measurement. The proposed six PIFAs have gain that are greater than 2 dB with the nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns. All the designs and analyses are performed using the CST Microwave Studio utilizing Rogers 4003C substrate.

Wideband in-phase slot-coupled power dividers

A compact in-phase power divider is introduced. The proposed power divider consists of three metallic layers and two dielectric layers. The electromagnetic energy is coupled from a rectangular-shaped patch placed on the top layer of the structure to two one-half rectangular-shaped patches placed on the bottom layer of the structure through a rectangular-shaped slot cut into the common ground plane. It is shown that the bandwidth of the power divider can be controlled by the coupling value between the patches. Designing a sample of the proposed power divider for covering frequency range of 1–3.5GHz is done. The simulation and measurement results of the designed power divider indicate the effectiveness of the proposed power divider.

A wideband antenna with defected ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX applications

A microstrip-fed wideband antenna with defected ground structure is proposed for WLAN and WiMAX band applications. The proposed antenna uses an annular ring radiator which is encircled by a rhombus shaped strip and the defected ground plane. The ground plane is cambered shaped and cut out by rectangular-shape slot and thus forms a defected ground structure. The parametric study is carried out to study the effects of varying dimensions on the antenna performance. To validate simulation results of the design a prototype is fabricated on the commercially available FR4 material. Measured results shows a good agreement with the simulated results. It is found that the antenna shows wide bandwidth of 86.71% (2.4–6.0GHz) which covers entire WLAN and WiMAX bands. Thus the proposed antenna is well suitable for WLAN/WiMAX applications.

Design of ultrawideband multilayer slot-coupled vertical microstrip transitions employing novel patch shapes

Design of two different slot-coupled vertical microstrip–microstrip transitions for ultrawideband (UWB) multilayer microwave circuits are introduced. Transitions consist of two stacked substrates with common ground in the middle and two microstrip-feed-lines connected to microstrip patches on the top and bottom. The proposed transitions use broadside coupling between microstrip patches at the top and the bottom layers via a rectangular-shaped slot in the common ground plane (midlayer). The proposed patch shapes are trapezoidal and butterfly shapes, which are capable of achieving broadband characteristics for UWB operation. Extensive parametric studies are performed to address the effect of varying the transition parameters on the coupling value and the operational frequency bandwidth. The simulated results using two simulation programs with two different numerical techniques show that the proposed transitions have low transmission coefficient (less than 1.2 dB) and a high reflection coefficient (better than 16 dB) over the 3.1–10.6 GHz frequency range. Two transition prototypes are fabricated and then tested experimentally using Agilent E8364B PNA Network Analyzer. Experimental results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:747–756, 2015

The acoustic properties of panels with rectangular apertures.

A model for the acoustic properties of a plate perforated with slots of rectangular shape is proposed. The model is based on known expressions for the complex density and compressibility of a pore of rectangular shape together with the radiation impedance of a rectangular shaped piston in a baffle. For the so-called end correction of a rectangular aperture in a plate, an approximate solution is shown to fit an exact solution for the imaginary part of the radiation impedance, the latter solution based on the work of Lindemann [J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 55, 708-717 (1974)]. Two different procedures are tested to calculate the mutual influence of the apertures on the end correction, the one calculating the mutual impedance of neighboring pistons in the plate, the other by calculating the end correction of a piston placed in the end of an infinitely long tube. The model is used calculating the input impedance and absorption coefficient of a Helmholtz resonator with such a plate, comparing with measurement results. The fit between predicted and measured results, using plates with narrow slits, is good, but it is believed that the model also cover a wider range of dimensions for such a slotted plate.

A Small UWB CPW-FED Monopole Antenna with Double Band-Notch Property

A compact ultrawideband CPW-fed monopole antenna is presented that includes dual band-notch characteristics. The antenna consists of a modified V-shaped patch with two resonant structures to create the required band-notch function at the desired frequency bands to mitigate interference from WLAN and WiMAX systems. The band-notch structures comprise of a rectangular-shaped conductor backed plane and a rectangular-shaped slot inserted within the antenna patch. The center frequency of the band-notch can be varied prior to fabrication without affecting the antenna's overall characteristics. The antenna's performance was verified through measurements, which show that it operates across a large bandwidth between 2.9 and 12.7 GHz for VSWR <2 and provides band reject performance between 3.3–3.8 GHz and 5.2–5.8 GHz. The antenna's dimensions are 19.5 × 21 × 1 mm3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1840–1845, 2013

Design and implementation of a wideband top loop loaded monopole antenna for mobile handset

In this article, we design a wideband top loop loaded monopole antenna for mobile handset. There is one loop made by a rectangular-shaped slot on the top of the proposed antenna. The top loop is an asymmetric structure. Owing to the top loop, the antenna can have a huge bandwidth from 1540 to 2610 MHz. A High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is employed to analyze the proposed antenna in the design process and to compare the simulation and experimental results. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is measured as 1500–2600 MHz for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of less than 3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:779–782, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI: 10.1002/mop.27443

Miniaturized ultra wide band filter with extended stop band

This article reports the design of extended stop band miniaturized ultra wide band (UWB) filter based on short-circuited meandered coupled lines. In addition, rectangular-shaped slots are incorporated in the ground plane beneath the input and output feed lines to improve the stop-band rejection. The proposed filter has been realized in microstrip medium having thickness of 0.78 mm and dielectric constant of 2.17. Experimental results of the developed filter validate the results obtained from circuit models and full-wave simulations. Maximum insertion loss of the experimental filter is 1.1 dB. Group delay variation over the pass band of the filter is within ±0.04 ns. Stop band is extended upto 30 GHz with a stop-band rejection of better than 20 dB. Dimensions of the miniaturized experimented filter are 22 × 22 × 0.78 mm3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:703–705, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27462

A SIMPLE UWB ANTENNA WITH DUAL STOP-BAND PERFORMANCE USING RECTANGULAR SLOT AND STRIP LINE ENDED UP SHORTING PIN

This paper presents a new rectangle-slot antenna for ultra wideband applications with 3.5/5.5GHz dual stop-band characteristics. The antenna contains a simple square radiating patch and a rectangle-slot ground plane, which provides a wide bandwidth from 2.6GHz up to 14.1GHz. In order to obtain dual stop-band properties at 3.5 and 5.5GHz, a rectangular-shaped slot is etched ofi the ground plane, and a strip line ended up a shorting pin is applied, respectively. The antenna is simple in conflguration and has a compact dimension of 20£22mm 2 . The proposed antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated. The measured results exhibit a acceptable agreement with the simulated data. The antenna provides nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, relatively ∞at gain over the entire UWB frequency excluding the two stop bands.

A Novel Printed UWB Slot Antenna With Reconfigurable Band-Notch Characteristics

A novel printed ultrawideband (UWB) slot antenna with reconfigurable band-notch characteristics is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a modified rectangular radiation patch with a circular and three rectangular-shaped slots etched on it. Additionally, by cutting two triangular-shaped slits on a modified ground plane, practical fractional bandwidth of more than 120% (3.12-12.51 GHz), defined by -10 dB return loss, is achieved. In order to generate single and dual band-notch characteristics, two p-i-n diodes are mounted across the circular slot. The designed antenna has small size of 20 × 20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with switchable single notched bands of 3.12-3.84 GHz WiMAX and 5-6.07 GHz WLAN, when diode 1 and diode 2 are respectively on. Also, dual bands of 3.12-3.82 and 4.9-6.06 GHz are eliminated from whole frequency band when both diodes are concurrently on.