Skyway Research Articles

Sky Bridge 721 World's longest suspension footbridge

AbstractSky Bridge 721 was opened on 13 May 2022.It is located in the area of the Kralicky Sneznik mountain massif in the area of the Dolni Morava Mountain Resort. It was built in two years and spans the valley between the two ridges Slamnik and Chlum with a length of 721 metres.It has become a new landmark of the region, although in reality it is almost invisible when viewed from a distance. It winds like a thin thread below the horizon of the mountain ridge, suspended between the sky and the ground, so that it does not interfere with the view of the surrounding countryside.It was a real challenge to bridge such a wide valley at a height of nearly 100 metres and to achieve a subtle line of the footbridge that would not disturb the silhouette of the mountain massif.This is the story of the whole process, from the design to the statics, construction, design and implementation, that the TAROS NOVA a.s. team had to overcome during the implementation of the footbridge.

Optimizing Seismic Design of Multi-Tower Buildings Using Sky Bridge Isolation and BIM: A Case Study

This research aims to extend prior knowledge of sky bridge isolations in a design case study that complies with building codes, focusing on the design of a multi-tower building linked with a sky bridge and its isolation system. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is used during the design process. Linear time history analysis is performed to capture seismic responses without statistical distortion of response combinations. Link elements are used to simulate the isolations, and the ground motions are excited in bidirectional directions. The experimental results demonstrate that using an isolation system at the sky bridge connection improves torsional behavior, as evidenced by a 12% reduction in torsional mass contribution in the fundamental mode shape of the buildings. Other notable improvements include better lateral force distributions and optimization of reinforcement volume by 36.91% at maximum. Additionally, convenient post-design procedures, such as automated design visualizations and quantity surveys of reinforcements are reported through using BIM.

Leveraging Enterprise Architecture to Empower KOMINFO's Business Core Operations: A PMO Perspective

The Sky Bridge (Tol Langit) Program is an Indonesian government’s strategic project aimed at digital transformation in the 3T regions (Tertinggal, Terdepan, Terluar - Underdeveloped, Frontline, Outermost). It requires thorough planning and integrated management for its implementation. A specialized unit with a helicopter view perspective is needed to ensure and oversee the alignment of processes. This important role is managed by the Project Management Office (PMO). One of the challenges PMO faces in ensuring an end-to-end process alignment is identifying the appropriate digital resources to support the process. This is where the Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework plays a crucial role as a blueprint for the organization's digital landscape. This reference helps map out existing data, applications, and business processes. Having this blueprint allows PMO to have a holistic view and make targeted decisions. EA also helps identify existing applications that can be integrated with new programs, avoiding unnecessary duplication. The use of ArchiMate, a language for enterprise architecture modeling, assists PMOs in planning digital transformations considering all aspects - business needs, applications, and technology. In short, a well-defined EA framework empowers PMOs to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in the telecommunications sector to ensure the successful implementation of the Sky Bridge Program.

Understanding asymmetric effects of attribute performance on tourist satisfaction with island tourism using user-generated data

PurposePast research often relies on linear relationship assumptions from the perspective of managers when studying the relationship between attribute performance and satisfaction. However, this study extracts tourists’ online reviews to explore asymmetric relationships and identifies island tourism satisfiers, hybrids and dissatisfiers.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses 3,523 reviews from Tripadvisor to examine Langkawi Island’s tourist satisfaction. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) machine-learning approach, penalty–reward contrast analysis and asymmetric impact-performance analysis (AIPA) were employed to extract and analyse the data.FindingsLangkawi’s dissatisfiers included “hotel and restaurant”, “beach leisure”, “water sport”, “snorkelling”, “commanding view”, “waterfall”, “sky bridge walk”, “animal show”, “animal feeding”, “history culture”, “village activity” and “duty-free mall”. Amongst these, five were low performers. Hybrids encompassed “ticket purchasing”, “amenity” “traditional food market” and “gift and souvenir”, all of which were low performers. Only one attribute was categorised as a satisfier: “nature view” which performed exceptionally well.Practical implicationsThis study provides recommendations to enhance tourist satisfaction and address tourist dissatisfaction. The elements requiring immediate attention for enhancement are the five low-performance dissatisfiers, as they represent tourists’ fundamental expectations. Conversely, the satisfier or excitement factor (i.e. nature views – mangroves and wildlife) could be prominently featured in promotional materials.Originality/valueThis research constitutes an early endeavour to categorise attributes of island tourism into groups of satisfaction, hybrid or dissatisfaction based on user-generated data. It is underpinned by two-factor and three-factor theories.

Bridges and Bridges’ Structures in the Urban Environment

The question of the functioning of bridges and bridges’ structures in the urban environment, their significant importance in increasing not only its comfort, but also aesthetic characteristics are highlighted in the article. The world theory and practice of using bridges has shown their significant evolutionary progress. From ordinary straight communication routes, bridges gradually acquired new functions, aesthetic qualities and complex spatial solutions – to multifunctional bridges’ structures. Bridges take an active part in the creation of urban multi-level public spaces. Above-ground pedestrian bridges and flyovers convincingly prove the priority of pedestrians and bicycles over cars. They perform not only the function of overpasses. Thanks to the arrangement of such objects with greenery, small architectural forms and landscaping elements, a comfortable space for people to stay is created. Modern bridges have also become a decoration of urban spaces, original art objects, magnets of attraction for citizens and guests. They draw attention to themselves, hold the aesthetic component of the urban environment. In the further practice of their design and implementation, ecological bridges made of containers and natural plants, bicycle bridges in the city centre, museum bridges, gallery bridges, sky bridges and loop bridges found their place. And this is far from the entire list of bridges. The formation of the urban environment and the distribution of “responsibilities” between its main components (dominant-accent-background) are significantly influenced by the degree of manifestation of the compositional techniques of the relationship “city – environment”, “bridge’s structure – environment”. Modern trends in the inclusion of bridges in the urban environment are also revealed in the article. These are ecological orientation, multi-functionality, innovation in the use of technologies and barrier-free.

The effects of cultural behavior on the evacuation of the first residential towers built in Iran (case study: Saman twin towers from the 1970s in Tehran)

The first high-rise residential buildings in Iran were constructed in the 1970s. These buildings have safety deficiencies, and a significant population, particularly elderly individuals, still reside in them. This research aims to examine safe evacuation strategies by identifying behavioral patterns of residents in high-rise residential buildings. The Saman Twin Towers in Tehran have been selected as a case study for this research. Behavioral patterns of residents were assessed using descriptive and inferential questionnaires. Based on the questionnaire results, various evacuation scenarios were simulated using SFPE and steering methods. In these scenarios, various solutions have been examined for the placement of vertical and horizontal accesses. Regarding behavioral patterns, the results indicate that pre-evacuation time in Iran is up to twice as long as the global average. Additionally, the movement of families and familiar individuals during evacuation, while maintaining distance from other groups, is among the most important behavioral patterns. In terms of evacuation scenarios, consideration of two refuge floors along with two sky bridges at the 1/3 beginning and end of the building height would reduce the evacuation time by up to 30% compared to other scenarios. In this research, the PADM model was proposed for high-rise residential buildings in Iran. The most important behavioral patterns during evacuation were identified. Furthermore, these patterns were utilized in simulating evacuation scenarios and optimizing the placement of refuge floors and sky bridges.

Seismic Analysis of Tall Buildings Connected with Sky Bridge

Seismic Analysis of Tall Buildings Connected with Sky Bridge

A cost‐effective method to passively sample communities at the forest canopy–aerosphere interface

Abstract The ecology of the canopy–aerosphere interface within forested ecosystems remains underexplored largely due to the challenges of physically accessing this zone. Sky bridges, towers and other permanent structures are most commonly used to sample the forest canopy–aerosphere interface, but these methods are costly, challenging to replicate, and often alter and degrade the local environment during construction. Thus, there is a clear need for cost‐effective and replicable methods for accessing and passively sampling above the forest canopy. We designed and deployed an inexpensive and lightweight telescopic hanger composed of common materials to sample aerial invertebrates above the forest canopy. Deployment involved climbing into tree crowns and securing our hanger design to vertical branches. We sampled the invertebrate community above forest fragments on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA by suspending blue vane traps from hangers, which were extended to approximately 1 m above the highest terminal bud of the tree, continuously from April through August 2021. We also recorded the microclimate conditions above the canopy at each hanger, including temperature and light intensity. All hangers and traps remained in place and active throughout the study period. In May, we made minor repairs at two locations where the hangers were attached to the trees and, following an intense weather event in July, observed damage to one hanger that did not affect sampling effort. We include cost breakdowns of design components as well as detailed building instructions. This tool offers a durable and inexpensive solution for researchers to access and sample the forest canopy–aerosphere interface that has minimal impacts on the environment and is more easily replicated compared to previous methods. Assembly pitfalls and design alterations are discussed based on our experience with the installation and implementation of the tested design, as well as included prototypes.

Perancangan Cikarang Family Public Space dengan Pendekatan Konsep Arsitektur Industrial

Public space is a space that is fomed or designed in such a way that space can accommodate a large number of people (the public) in carrying out public activities in accordance with the function of the public space. The level of population density in cikarang is quite high and the lack of public space that can be used as a place to interact between communities is needed, in addition, availability of this public space can be used as a place to relax and a pace to express artistic activities. The industrial architecture concept approach is used in the design of this public space, an architectural concept applies aesthetics. The concept of industrial architecture prioritizes the creation of forms, configurations, composition of lines and colours. The uses of recycled materials, the use off steel, and more exposed building are the hallmarks of industrial architecture concepts that can spoil the eye and enjoy it. An Amphitheater surrounded by a sky bridge, and supported by others building such as a library, foodcourt, music and art space, playground area, and a relaxing area, this public space can be used as a public space where people can be interact with each other, can relax, and also can express their artistic activities in this public space

Detection of the impact of a tropical cyclonic system on the dynamics and energetics of the atmosphere using wind profiler radar

Rapid changes in the tropospheric circulation features associated with the overhead passage of the Gaja cyclonic system over the 205 MHz Stratosphere Troposphere wind profiler radar observations at Kochi (10.03° N, 76.33° E), India, have been studied. The severe cyclonic system formed in the southeast Indian Peninsular region weakened into a depression after landfall near the Tamil Nadu coast. On 16th November 2018, the cyclonic system crossed the Western Ghats and travelled westward at 33 knots over the ST radar site at Kochi in the evening. Later it reached the Arabian Sea and intensified again into a severe cyclone. Continuous observations of the vertical structure of the wind pattern at 4-min intervals from the wind profiler radar have been examined. The impact of the transit of the cyclonic system extends up to a height of 13 km in the atmosphere. The vertical distribution of turbulent kinetic energy in the atmosphere indicates a sudden disruption in the tropospheric levels at the time of storm passage. The cyclonic system traversed over the Western Ghats positioned at an altitude of 2500 m. It crossed the radar site at the mean sea level after passing a horizontal distance of 100 km. The abrupt changes in the topographical conditions generate atmospheric gravity waves in the leeward side of the Western Ghats, as observed from the ST radar, are presented. During the period, changes in surface parameters were evaluated using co-located automatic weather station (AWS) data. Satellite information and Doppler weather radar observations from Kochi have also supplemented the investigation.

Determining the Type Of Skybridge From The Bojonggede Station to The Bojonggede Terminal Considering The Traffic Impact

Bojonggede Station, located in Bogor Regency, is one of the KRL stations used to support the mobility of the surrounding community. This makes Bojonggede station a place with quite complex transportation problems. From the various problems that occur, this research aims to find the right sky bridge to connect the bojonggede station with the bojonggedeTerminall and reduce the impact of traffic in the surrounding location after the sky bridge. The data analysis method used is the 4 step model method consisting of trip generation/attraction, trip distribution, mode selection (Moda Split), trip assist, Indonesian road capacity manual, and descriptive analysis of survey data on visitors Bojonggede station. From the results of the analysis based on the 4 step model and manual of Indonesian road capacity, it is found that the performance of the Bojonggede 2 highway, which is in front of the location, has increased from LOS F during the construction period to LOS C during the sky bridge operations bridged. The benefit of this research is that it can be seen that traffic problems that occur at the study site can be overcome by the existence of an efficient sky bridge design sky bridges Bojonggede station with Bojonggede Terminal, to be further recommended to the Bogor district transportation office, and the Jabodetabek transportation management center ( BPTJ).

PUSAT PERBELANJAAN MODERN DI KECAMATAN PONTIANAK BARAT

The increase in population and economic development in Pontianak City has increased every year, and it is also in one of the districts in Pontianak City, namely West Pontianak District, which has a fairly high level of trade and services. To follow up on this, we need a container or Modern Shopping Center in West Pontianak District by providing open spaces or (open malls) so that it can accommodate consumer needs as well as enjoy open spaces. There are secondary data that provide discussion of malls, mall classification, and theories related to modern centers. The Modern Shopping Center in West Pontianak District provides an attractive design by providing a solid facade with two masses of buildings served by a sky bridge. This Modern Shopping Center in West Pontianak District is located in a trade and service location. The design method is a systematic stage, the design method used is the J.C Jones method in the Architectural Design Methods book. The stages used are the stages of ideas, information, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and optimization. The purpose of the design is to produce a design for a Modern Shopping Center in West Pontianak District, which is able to accommodate the community in West Pontianak District by providing recreational and entertainment areas with the concept of Open Mall and providing spaces for mall visitors such as clothing and accessories retail, culinary retail, educational retail, toy retail, plant retail, sports retail, indoor activities, and outdoor activities and other supporting functions.

Viscous inertial mass damper (VIMD) for seismic responses control of the coupled adjacent buildings

Many research studies have focused on a novel kind of damper involved with an inertial/gyro mass component, called the inertial mass damper (IMD). Different realizations of the IMD share common standard features: a sizeable apparent mass and the pseudo-negative dynamic stiffness. The connected control method (CCM) has been proven effective for mitigating vibration between adjacent flexible structures. This paper explores the efficacy of using an IMD in parallel with a viscous damper (termed VIMD) configured in the sky bridge to control the vibration of two adjacent towers under random earthquake excitation. First, numerical models of two buildings are developed using a Timoshenko beam model, which can accommodate both bending and shear deformation. Key damper parameters are explored through a parametric study. Then, stochastic optimization is performed to determine optimum damper parameters and the most effective configuration. The optimization results are analyzed in detail, and guidelines for the damper configuration are recommended. By comparing the optimal control performance between the VIMD and traditional viscous damper (VD), the following conclusions can be drawn: due to its pseudo-negative stiffness characteristics and large damper force, the VIMD can achieve better control performances for a wide range of the axial stiffness of the sky bridge; the VIMD requires a smaller damping coefficient and axial stiffness, which can result in smaller damper sizes and member sections of the sky bridge. Therefore, the VIMD is demonstrated to be a useful alternative for engineering practice in CCM vibration mitigation strategies.

Ascendancy of connecting assymmetrical r.c. towers using sky bridges in improving the dynamic response

Structures constructed to serve similar purposes adjacently, are often connected to each other. These connections may be sometimes in the form of sky-bridges. Connecting the structures with each other does not cause any modification in the behaviour of the structures in the static condition, but such modification may cause huge effects on the structural behaviour under dynamically activated condition. This article basically deals with study of connected structures, when connected with sky bridges. The ascendancy of improving the structural dynamic response under elevated excitations has been studied in a parametric way. This study was concluded on the basis of dynamic parameters such as the inertia forces attracted by the structures, the time period of the structures and the maximum displacements which were caused in the structures when restrained with sky bridges. Also, the best suite of connecting skybridges were also suggested subsequently. Keywords: Adjacent buildings, Connected towers, Dynamic Response, Sky bridges.

Towards Dynamic Vertical Urbanism

Nowadays a great number of new developments are claimed in the name of “vertical city”, yet few represent this important characteristic. This paper aims to propose a novel vertical city framework, or in other words, dynamic vertical urbanism, featuring constant vertical urban transformation by applying the state-of-the-art construction technologies. First, successful and unsuccessful precedents of building complexes which inspire this novel concept will be analyzed. In addition, building technologies that are crucial for the implementation of this framework will be introduced. As a result, this vertical city concept has the ability to integrate five basic elements of a city: vertical and horizontal circulation systems as its paths, a flexible building envelope as its edges, variable mix-used functional blocks as its districts, sky bridges and roof gardens as its nodes, and the complex itself as a landmark. More importantly, it can change its size, form and function with the help of construction automation technologies, open building principles, and process information modeling. it can also responsively evolve in accordance with social, economic, and environmental shifts in a self-sufficient manner, meanwhile avoiding the risk of being homogeneous with surrounding buildings. Finally, the complex will perform as a series of interconnected components which act together to form a living organism that provides various functions such as corporate, residential, commercial, academic, medical, legal, and infrastructural. In conclusion, this paper will provide researchers, architects and urban designers with a valuable example for the future vertical city developments and beyond.

Business Hotel and Shopping Mall in Science & Technopark Universitas Sumatera Utara Kwala Bekala

Business Hotel and Shopping Mall are buildings that used as a place to stay, especially for those who in a business trip and grocery facility for guests in the hotel and people around. The exists of hotel and mall in an area usually can attract people to visit that area and used as a place to rest and to gather, this is the main reason on choosing Hotel and Mall to be one of the facilities in supporting area of Science and Technopark in campus USU Kwala Bekala. Based on the USU Kwala Bekala masterplan, the site with 1,6 Ha area is located in the entrance zone, which is the gateway area of USU Kwala Bekala, so that the concept of the mass was building as a gate. This building is expected to be one of the areas that can integrate users with all of the facilities in Science & Techno Park of Campus USU Kwala Bekala. From the analysis that has done, the final design was the buildings are separated into two mass and connected with a sky bridge with the implementation of green architecture. The application of this concept seen in the use of windows, skylight, and the inner court as natural lighting and ventilation, roof garden to recycle rainwater, and secondary skin as a sunlight buffer. These applications are expected to help in reducing the use of water and electricity.

The Importance-performance Analysis of Ecotourism Subcomponents Based on Visitor Perspectives in Helena Sky Bridge

Aims: To analyze the importance and performance rate of various ecotourism component based on visitor perspectives in Helena sky bridge.
 Study Design: Interview method.
 Place and Duration of Study: October 2018 in Helena sky bridge, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Maros District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
 Methodology: The interview method, by using prepared structured questionnaire with close ended questions, applied on 50 respondents selected through quoted accidental sampling technique. There were 33 ecotourism subcomponents assessed based on Likert scale. Obtained data processed by the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and displayed in Cartesian diagram.
 Results: There was variation of respondent characteristics in term of gender, age, number of visits, visiting purpose and domicile. However, most visitor was young people (18-28 years old) and come from Makassar. The highest performance rate was found on panorama, while the lowest performance rate was homestay. For the importance, the highest score was showed by 3 subcomponents, namely service, skill and garbage dump, while the lowest one was festival. In average, the performance rate of all subcomponents was 2.70 (moderate), while the importance was 3.93 (good). There was a gap between performance and importance that need proper management actions. Development effort should be concentrated in 7 subcomponents plotted in 1st quadrant, such as the easiness access to get transportation, guide and interpreter, public lavatory, garbage dump, health facility, shopping facility, and clean water availability. 13 subcomponents had already in a good performance, mostly from natural attraction. 10 subcomponents were classed into 3rd quadrant with low priority management strategy. Moreover, 3 subcomponents (cultural landscape, local peoples’ daily life and hospitality) were in 4th quadrant with possible overkill situation.
 Conclusion: Ecotourism subcomponents such as the easiness access to get transportation, guide and interpreter, public lavatory, garbage dump, health facility, shopping facility, and clean water availability should be prioritized.

Green Architecture Concept Application on USU Kwala Bekala Library

The library is one of the building functions needed in the university's development standards. A library serves as a place to find information and collections as well as an educational recreation place. Not only providing facilities for the academic community, but Library also expected to be useful for all people, especially those in the surrounding area. For this reason, the supporting area of Science Techno Park which is an area for the development of economic and educational activities in USU ​​Kwala Bekala campus and its surroundings chooses Library as one of its facilities. In USU Kwala Bekala master plan, the location of Library is in the entrance zone with 16 Ha area. This zone is the gateway of USU Kwala Bekala area so the concept of "building as a gate" is forming the building mass. The site forms two separate parts due to its area which surrounded by the main road and separated by other collector roads. The goals of this project are how to design a campus environment that cares for the surrounding environment, can provide comfort to its users, and can create sustainable buildings. After analyzing and implementing the concept of green architecture, the final design concept are two building masses connected with sky bridge which can accommodate 723 seats, windows and inner court to allow the airflow and natural light enters the rooms, secondary skin and vines as its facade to buffer over sunshine and noises, water and trash recycling treatment to reduce clean water use, and solar panel as additional electricity energy.

Silent Warriors, Incredible Courage: The Declassified Stories of Cold War Reconnaissance Flights and the Men Who Flew Them. by Wolfgang W. E. Samuel, Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. 291 pp.

<i>Silent Warriors, Incredible Courage: The Declassified Stories of Cold War Reconnaissance Flights and the Men Who Flew Them</i>. by Wolfgang W. E. Samuel, Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. 291 pp.

Perception of User on the Automated Smart Trolley at Klia2, Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2 (KLIA2) that located at Sepang is a hub for both local and international low cost airlines. KLIA2 is the new airport in Malaysia that operated since 2014 accommodate about 45 million passengers every year. KLIA2 was comprises of Main Terminal Building (MTB), Sky bridge, Satellite Building, connected piers and a gateway@KLIA2 shopping mall which is attached to the car park facility with retail space of 32,000 sqm to accommodate 225 retail outlets. With this size of area, passenger need trolley to make ease for them carry out their luggage. This study was carried out to determine the perception of user on the current trolley at KLIA2 and future Automated Smart Trolley. Twenty respondents has been interview based on the questionnaires that has been develop. The overall finding of this research indicate that the majority of the respondents agreed with the development of Automated Smart Trolley.