Skin Cream Research Articles

From Cream Categorization to Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Cosmetic Innovations

The burgeoning concept of "Cosmeceuticals" represents a fusion of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, offering a novel approach to skin health and beauty. This review explores the diverse landscape of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their categorization into skin, hair, and other cosmeceutical products. In particular, the article delves into the formulation and functionalities of skin care and hair care cosmeceuticals, shedding light on the intricate balance between pharmaceutical efficacy and cosmetic appeal. The exploration extends to the categorization of creams, a vital component of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their role in topical drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of this delivery system are examined, providing insights into its unique attributes and challenges. Furthermore, the review investigates the physiology of the skin, crucial for understanding the efficacy of cosmeceutical products. A significant portion of the article focuses on the ingredients commonly used in skin creams, offering a comprehensive overview of water, oils, waxes, fats, and other key components. The discussion is extended to alternative medicines and creams for wound healing, incorporating insights from Ayurveda and contemporary medical formulations. Ayurvedic herbs, such as aloe vera, peppermint, and turmeric, are highlighted for their potential in promoting skin health and wound healing. The review concludes by addressing relevant methods of preparing creams for wound healing, emphasizing the importance of o/w and w/o emulsions. Additionally, key evaluation parameters for creams, including pH determination, physical appearance, and spreadability, are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the quality and efficacy of cosmeceutical formulations. This review contributes to the evolving field of cosmeceuticals, offering a synthesis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic innovations that pave the way for advanced skin care practices. Keywords: Cosmeceuticals, Skin care, Hair care, Topical drug delivery, Emulsion creams, Wound healing, Ayurvedic medicines

Analysis of antioxidant, antityrosinase and antiglycating properties of a blue-green algae based skin cream

Analysis of antioxidant, antityrosinase and antiglycating properties of a blue-green algae based skin cream

A retrospective study on the infrastructure of emergency medical dispatch services during Arba'een pilgrimage, Iraq

Background. A mass-gathering event is defined as the presence of more than 1,000 people gathered at the same location for a specific period. Objective. To study the health problems encountered during the peak period of crowding at the same location. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study with a sample size of 30 healthcare personnel who participated in health dispatches during the Arba'een of Imam Al-Hussein in the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate over nine days, leading to the holy city of Karbala. We focused on common minor health issues and road accidents. Results. Analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used by 100% of participants, skin ointments and bandages by 82%, intravenous fluids by 60%, anti-acids and antibiotics by 43%, and paracetamol by 25%, along with other medications frequently prescribed by the non-doctor medical team. Conclusion. Most cases required minimal medical intervention. Proper organization of medical infrastructure for such mass-gathering events is crucial, as the population continues to increase in future events.

Cognitive support for political partisans' understanding of policy data.

Political partisanship might lead educated adults-even the highly numerate-to reason selectively about numbers that are relevant to and support their ideology ("motivated numeracy"). In this pre-registered study, we sought to examine the replicability of motivated numeracy, and investigate whether cognitive support (number lines) that improves the reasoning of children might also improve the reasoning of political partisans. To test this, we asked 1000 adults about their political ideology and asked them to interpret fictional data, in a table or number-line format, about ideology relevant (i.e., the effect of gun control on crime) or irrelevant (i.e., the effect of skin cream on rash) issues. We failed to replicate motivated numeracy when political identity was used but observed motivated numeracy when prior attitude was used. Moreover, data presented on number lines elicited 75 percent greater accuracy than data presented in tables, regardless of whether the information was ideology-relevant, or whether data supported, was neutral to, or contradicted participants' political outlooks. Findings imply that political partisans require cognitive support to be more objective about policy data.

ZnO Nanoparticles as Potent Inducers of Dermal Immunosuppression in Contact Hypersensitivity in Mice.

Nanosized zinc oxide (nZnO) metal particles are used in skin creams and sunscreens to enhance their texture and optical properties as UV filters. Despite their common use, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of nZnO exposure on damaged skin. We studied the effects of topically applied nZnO particles on allergic skin inflammation in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model. We investigated whether exposure to nZnO during the sensitization or challenge phase would induce immunological changes and modulate transcriptional responses. We followed skin thickness, cellular infiltration, and changes in the local transcriptome up to 28 days after the challenge. The responses peaked at 24 h and were fully resolved by 28 days. Co-exposure to nZnO and hapten did not interfere with the formation of the sensitization process. Conversely, during the hapten challenge, the application of nZnO fully suppressed the development of the CHS response by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and proliferation of immune cells. In differentiated and stimulated THP-1 cells and the CHS mouse model, we found that nZnO particles and Zn ions contributed to anti-inflammatory responses. The immunosuppressive properties of nZnO in inflamed skin are mediated by impaired IL-1R-, CXCR2-, and LTB4-mediated pathways. nZnO-induced dermal immunosuppression may be beneficial for individuals with contact allergies who use nZnO-containing cosmetic products. Our findings also provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of nZnO, which could be considered when developing nanoparticle-containing skin products.

Recombinant Fibrous Protein Gels as Rheological Modifiers in Skin Ointments.

Rheological modifiers are an important component in the development of skin cream (SC) chassis for personal skin care products (PSCPs). The viscous behavior of a PSCP is critical to its effectiveness where its uniformity and material strength impact its processing, storage, and delivery of active ingredients. Due to the mildly acidic environment of the skin, PSCPs require a SC that will assist in maintaining their material strength at low pHs. We have investigated a coiled-coil protein hydrogel system for the ability to possess pH-responsiveness, where physical cross-linking and material strength is controlled by pH relative to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. We recently designed a coiled-coil protein hydrogel variant, Q5, which possesses a relatively low pI that we hypothesized to have improved supramolecular assembly into a hydrogel at acidic conditions. We demonstrate that Q5 can retain a partial solution-to-gel transition at pH 6.0 and acts as a soft hydrogel by rheology. We further tested Q5 to act as a rheological modifier in a standard SC at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0 to test conditions mediated by pH changes in the skin environment. Q5 reveals the ability to uniquely increase material strength at low pH in comparison to a standard rheological modifier like hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), suggesting modular protein-based coiled-coil rheological modifiers can be used in PSCPs.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF AN INNOVATIVE ANTI - WRINKLE CREAM ENRICHED WITH BIO-RETINOL

This research analyses the productivity of a bio-retinol anti-aging skin cream, highlighting probiotics and retinol. The study expands upon their roles in increasing skin health structure and challenging aging effects. Key matrix materials, comprising rosehip oil, safflower oil, bifida ferment lysate, CoQ enzyme, hyaluronic acid and fractionated coconut oil, provide to the cream’s formulation. Results reveal a balanced pH (5.45 - 5.81), homogeneity, and perfect spreadability. The cream expresses positive outcomes, presenting a promising solution for improved skin elasticity and extensive anti-aging benefits.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Cream Ethanolic Extract of Vitex pinnata Bark from Central Kalimantan.

Vitex pinnata bark has the ability to scavenge free radicals and has antimicrobial activity, thus accelerating wound healing. The formulation of V. pinnata bark preparations has good organoleptic properties, homogenity, pH, dispersion, and absorption. We studied the acute toxicity of V. pinnata skin cream in Wistar rats according to OECD guidelines 402. Seven nulliparous, non-pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed 2000 mg/kg of body weight. There were no signs of toxicity in any behavioral, necropsy dan histopathological changes. The Globally Harmonized System classified V. pinnata cream extract as category 5 (unclassified) with LD50 more than two thousand mg/kg.

Soil heavy metals contamination and health risk of an endemic plant in southeast of Damavand Mt., Iran

Considering the toxicological effects of some heavy metals (HMs) in which directly related to mortality and carcinogenicity in the population by their entrance from plants through livestock grazing, and medical skin cream, the rehabilitation of contaminated sites through phytoremediation by native plants might be quite challenging. Diplotaenia damavandica Mozaff. ex-Hedge & Lamond, is used as medical skin creams due to the existence of specific ingredients, which can be effective in treating skin disease. In the present study, the plant and associated soil sampling were performed around the boundary of D. damavandica. The concentration was measured using the Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results revealed the effect of existing endemic plants on reducing the average concentration of lead and zinc in soil by 40 and 60%, respectively, due to phytoremediation. EDX confirmed the presence of Pb and Zn in root and shoot tissues. Based on the results of this study, D. damavandica is an endemic perennial herbaceous plant with 60% biomass and prosperous root systems, which can grow in low contaminated areas of Pb in the southeast of Damavand Mt. Hence, the HMs pattern indicated less often in the aerial parts except for lead, which should be examined more carefully for skin cream uses.

A cell line derived from the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera:Stratiomyidae).

Insect cell lines are effective tools used in industry and academia. For example, they are used in screening potential insecticides, in making certain proteins for biomedical applications, and in basic research into insect biology. So far, there are no cell lines derived from the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (BSF). This may become an issue because BSFs are employed in a range of industrial and household processes. BSFs are used in producing biodiesel, in developing cosmetics and skin creams, and in the production of some medicines and animal feeds. BSF larvae process waste streams from a variety of sources into food for some animals and are also used in household composting. Our BSF cell line, designated BCIRL-HiE0122021-SGS, was developed from eggs using the medium CLG#2 (50% L-15 + 50% EX-CELL 420, with 9% FBS and antibiotics), with many other media being tested. This cell line consists of attached cells with a variety of morphologies and its identity was authenticated using CO1 barcoding. A growth curve was generated and the resulting doubling time was 118 h. We quantified the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) and recorded the expected range of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAMEs, with only trace levels of lauric acid being noted. The BSF cell line is available free of charge by request.

Cutaneous Application of Capsaicin Cream Reduces Clinical Signs of Experimental Colitis and Repairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Tight Junction Proteins.

Capsaicin, a pungent compound in chili peppers, is described as having potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is also described as a potential modulator of the immune system and intestinal microbiota. Oral or rectal administration of capsaicin has been studied to treat or prevent colitis. However, those vias are often not well accepted due to the burning sensation that capsaicin can cause. Our objective was to evaluate whether the application of capsaicin skin creams (0.075%) would be effective in improving inflammation and epithelial barrier function as well as the composition of the gut microbiota in a model of mild colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (1.5%). The results showed that the cutaneous application of capsaicin reversed weight loss and decreased colon shortening and diarrhea, all typical signs of colitis. There was also an improvement in the intestinal epithelial barrier, preserving proteins from tight junctions. We also evaluated the biodistribution of 99mtechnetium-radiolabeled capsaicin (99mTc-CAPS) applied to the back skin of the animals. We found significant concentrations of 99 mTc-Cap in the colon and small intestine after 2 and 4 h of administration. In addition, there was an increased expression of capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in the colon. Moreover, animals with colitis receiving cutaneous capsaicin presented a better short-chain fatty acid profile and increased levels of SIgA, suggesting increased microbiota diversity. In conclusion, our work opens avenues for further studies to better understand capsaicin's potential benefits and mechanisms in addressing colitis through cutaneous application.

Case Report: Mercury-induced renal autoimmunity – An insight into its pathogenesis

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It may be idiopathic or due to secondary causes. Among the secondary causes, heavy metals like mercury are the one among others. Here is a male with nil comorbidities who, upon exposure to mercury-containing skin cream, developed proteinuria, which, on evaluation, was found to have dual renal lesions like membranous nephropathy and chronic interstitial nephritis. The uniform PLA2R staining within the glomerular capillary walls shows the ability of mercury to induce inflammation and autoimmunity. This case strengthens the findings of in vitro studies about mercury-induced inflammatory processes.

Formulation and Stability of a 1% Clarithromycin-Based Topical Skin Cream: A New Option to Treat Buruli Ulcers?

There are more than 170 known species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and some are responsible for serious diseases in people infected with them. One of these is Buruli ulcers, a neglected tropical disease endemic in more than 33 countries and caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, which infects skin tissue. Treatment consists of a long-term regimen combining the use of oral rifampin with another anti-tuberculosis drug (e.g., clarithromycin). Patients in these countries face difficulties in accessing and adhering to this therapy. This study investigates the feasibility of formulating stable, optimized clarithromycin as a topical cutaneous cream. The cream was formulated, and its stability was evaluated under different storage temperature conditions and using a stability indicator method. The results showed that the clarithromycin cream was stable for at least 60 days, even at extreme temperatures (40 °C). In conclusion, the data presented here demonstrate the stability of a new form of topical cutaneous clarithromycin, which may offer a new approach to the treatment of Buruli ulcers and clarithromycin-sensitive infections.

Effects of Phyllanthus niruri antiseptic skin cream on surgical wounds in Felis catus after ovariosalpingohysterectomy

Studies highlight the cost-effectiveness and lower adverse effects of herbal remedies than allopathic medicines, making them attractive amidst growing microbial resistance concerns. This investigation explored the in vitro antiseptic properties of Phyllanthus niruri alcoholic extract (EA) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Candida albicans. Various in vitro methods were employed, including disk diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC). A skin cream formulation using P. niruri was developed, undergoing in vivo trials on ten feline subjects post-ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Felines were treated with P. niruri skin cream (100mg/ml), with 0.1% aqueous chlorhexidine as the positive control. Skin assessments included hyperemia, crust, edema, and exudation. Inhibition was observed in vitro at various EA concentrations, and cytotoxicity analysis showed no harm. The P. niruri skin cream at 100mg/ml exhibited consistent outcomes, with a minor deviation from the fifth day onwards, without compromising therapeutic efficacy (Tukey test, p < 0.05). The formulation demonstrated stable physical-chemical properties with no adverse feline reactions. These findings suggest the skin cream's in vivo antimicrobial potential as a future antiseptic alternative.

Radiological Risk to Inhalation of Thoron Gas from Medical Materials Samples Derived from Medical Plants in Iraq

Pollution by thoron is one of the factors that is harmful to human health. Medical materials, especially those derived from plants, have natural ingredients which are a major source of natural radioactivity, thoron being one of them. Therefore, the presence of harmful radioactivity in these materials is a matter of concern. This study determined the concentrations of thoron (220Rn or radon-220) from 70 samples of medical materials derived from medical plants using a CR-39 detector. Samples are drugs (solid), skin creams, herbs, toothpaste, drugs (liquid), and cosmetic products found in Iraqi pharmacies. Also, radiological risks such as Annual Effective Dose (AED), Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), and Lung Cancer Case (LCC) due to inhalation of thoron from medical materials samples in pharmacies were calculated. The results show that the results of the thoron concentrations in the samples of medical materials ranged from 1.02 Bq/m3 to 74.53 Bq/m3, with an average value of 18.21 ± 2.00 Bq/m3. The range values of AED, ELCR (×10-3) and LCC (×10-6) were 0.01-0.588 mSv/y, 0.04-2.36, and 0.18-10.58, respectively. It was als found that the thoron concentrations in samples of the present study vary from a minimum of 12.82 Bq/m3 in cosmetic products samples to a maximum of 30.29 Bq/m3 in herbs samples. Nonetheless, all thoron and radiological risk values were lower than the acceptable world limit (thoron = 200-300 Bq/m3 by ICRP and AED = 1.1-4.4 mSv/y by UNSCEAR).

Microplastics in personal care products and cosmetics in Sri Lanka

In the Sri Lankan context, the lack of baseline studies to mitigate microplastic emissions through personal care and cosmetic products poses a huge problem. Hence this study serves as the first scientific investigation to analyze and characterize microplastics in selected personal care and cosmetic items available in the Sri Lankan markets. Fifteen brands representing five categories (face wash, facial scrubs, baby creams, shaving creams, and skin creams) of personal care and cosmetic items served as the basis for this investigation. Based on a questionnaire survey, from each category, three highly utilized brands were chosen and triplicates from each brand were used for the analysis. All samples were treated with the Fenton reagent to extract microplastics. Then through Nile red staining suspected microplastic were screened and characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy. The Nile Red analysis revealed seven brands of the fifteen to be stained with Nile Red and demonstrate luminance properties under UV light. However, FT-IR analysis proved only six brands contained actual microplastics. Low-density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene copolymer were the dominant types of microplastic. Most microplastics were irregularly shaped and white in color with sizes ranging from 238.55 ± 50.74 to 450.69 ± 174.9 μm. An emission estimation revealed that products FS-01 and FW-03 contain 3.36 ± 0.20 g and 0.2 ± 0.05 g of isolatable microplastics per product. While the present study provides scientific evidence for the availability of microplastics in products in Sri Lankan markets, it also provides a great opportunity to develop relevant policies and regulations to control them.

Allantoin solubility in high pressure CO2: Statistical correlation and thermodynamic modeling

Since allantoin is an active ingredient in skin creams production for skin wounds treatment and skin cares, its solubility was studied in supercritical CO2 as a clean and efficient technique. Two significant independent variables involving pressure (200–500 bar) and temperature (30–60 °C) effect on the allantoin solubility with using ethanol (as a polar cosolvent) were studied. Therefore, Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to design the experiments. 13 experiments with their operating conditions were proposed by the software. According to the experiments, the optimum solubility of allantoin (0.003745) was found at pressure of 202 bar and temperature of 51 °C while the maximum solubility (0.003677) was experimentally obtained at pressure of 200 bar and temperature of 60 °C in supercritical CO2. Furthermore, Mohsen-Nia-Modarress-Mansoori (MMM) equation of state, which is a proper equation for the biological molecules’ solubility prediction, was applied to find the allantoin solubility, thermodynamically. According to the calculated errors, a good agreement between experimental and modeled data was found. Finally, the binary coefficients were reported.

Formulation and characteristics of skin cream with the addition of essential oil blend

The use of natural ingredients in cosmetics, such as essential oils, is gaining increasing attention today due to their perceived safety for health, attributed to their antioxidant properties. This research aims to determine the formulation of cream by adding an essential oil blend and analyzing physicochemical, microbiological and hedonic characteristics of the skin cream. The study comprises two phases: selecting the preferred essential oil blend by a panel of evaluators and preparing the skin cream with the addition of the chosen essential oil blend. The essential oils used in this study included clove, ginger, cinnamon, galangal, nutmeg, and citronella, with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The research results reveal that the skin cream with the highest antioxidant activity is the one with the addition of a blend of clove and citronella essential oils. However, based on hedonic testing results, the most preferred skin cream formulation is the one with a mix of clove, citronella, and ginger essential oils. Physical characteristics and microbial contamination testing of the cream formulation with a blend of clove, citronella, and ginger essential oils show that the skin cream meets the viscosity and microbial contamination requirements set by SNI 16-4399-1996, with a spreading capacity of 5.07 cm.

Study of Effect of Temperature on Commercial Moisturising Cream by UV-Visible Spectroscopy

Abstract: Skin moisturisation has become a part of our daily skin care routine whether the skin is dry or normal. To keep the skin hydrated moisturising creams are widely used across the world. Antioxidants are important ingredients in commercial cosmetic skin creams. It helps in extending the shelf life of a cream and preventing them from becoming rancid. α-Tocopherol acetate is a popular antioxidant in moisturising skin creams whether it is a herbal moisturising cream or a synthetic moisturising cream. The matrix of cosmetic creams is very complex due to the presence of several ingredients and therefore their extraction needs a special process. In this paper concentration of antioxidant in herbal and synthetic moisturizing creams have been calculated at various temperatures and at a specific time period by UV-Visible spectroscopy. This method is simple, sensitive, cost effective and reliable

Case Report: Acute Ophthalmic Herpes Zoster (HZO) in a Child

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a unilateral and dermatomal reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. The incidence of HZ in those under 9 years of age is 0.74/1000. HZO affects the ophthalmic nerve, causing abnormalities around the eyes. There has been a reported case of a 6 year old child who came with complaints of clusters of elasticity and pain in the stomach and left eye. Patients diagnosed with acute HZO were given oral therapy with Acyclovir tablets 5x400 mg for 7 days, Hervis eye ointment 5x a day, Acyclovir skin ointment 5x a day, and Paracetamol syrup 3x1 spoon. Treatment is given with the aim of speeding up the lesion healing process, reducing complaints of acute pain, reducing the risk of PHN complications, and improving the patient's quality of life. Fast and appropriate management is expected to have a good impact on the patient's treatment response.